Investigation on the scale operation of Shanyang Town

Shanyang Town Land Scale Management Survey Shanyang Town Agricultural Economic Center turned to the grand Shengchao investigation and thinking about the rural land contracting period extended 30 years after the implementation of the policy, how to properly solve the conflict between people and land caused by labor, population increase and decrease, how to Overcoming the difficulties of land adjustment encountered in the development of scale management and agricultural industrialization is an important issue for the current deepening of rural reform. Recently, we conducted an investigation into 16 administrative villages and 2 neighborhood committees in the town. The survey results show that the transfer of land management rights is generally healthy and in line with national policy requirements, but there are also many problems. A preliminary analysis of the existing contradictions and problems and the measures to be taken.
1. The 16 administrative villages and 2 progressively formed neighborhood committees for the current form of land transfer have a total of 14,200 households, and the contracted cultivated area is 61,400 mu, of which 820 are transfer cases, accounting for 5.7%, and the cultivated land transfer area is 5,600 mu. Accounted for 9.1%. Among them, there are nearly 4,000 mu of subcontracted and 1,600 mu of leased ones.
There are six main forms of circulation:
Free subcontracting. That is, during the contracting period, the farmers seek their own objects, negotiate their rights and obligations on their own, and customize the subcontracting period to subcontract the land that cannot be planted or unwilling to be planted to the farmers who are willing to grow and grow well. The contractor bears various economic burdens. Wait. This type of circulation occurs mostly between fathers and sons, brothers and relatives and friends. It is generally a subcontracting without charge, with a short period of time and a small circulation area. It often does not go through any subcontracting procedures, and the relationship between the collective and the original contracting remains unchanged. This form of circulation that does not give up the right to land contracting accounts for more than 70% of the entire form of circulation. For the 16 villages and 2 neighborhood committees surveyed, there are 560 households in this transfer form, accounting for 68% of the transfer households, and the subcontracting area is 3110 mu, accounting for more than 55.5% of the total flow area.
Low transfer. That is to say, during the contracting period, the farmers will find the object, customize the time limit for transfer, and transfer the part or all of the land to the farmers who are willing to plant the land. The farmer will pay the original contractor in addition to the land tax. Transfer fee. This form of circulation is that the land between members of the community is paid or underpaid, with a short period of time, and the transfer fee is accompanied by the market, changing or not changing the original tenancy relationship. There are 12 villages in the town. There are 65 households involved in land transfer and more than 120 mu of cultivated land. The transfer fee ranges from 50-80 yuan per mu.
Leasing operations. Collectives or farmers lease the land management rights to enterprises, units and individuals outside the village group for the development of development agriculture, and the operators pay a certain amount of rent to the collective or farmer in one lump sum or in installments. The land that is transferred in this form is generally abandoned farmland or mobile land that is difficult for the village collective to issue, and has a long circulation period and fulfills the lease contract or agreement procedures. For example, Chunguang Village Sunqiao, Xinsheng, Guozhuang and other four production groups, nearly 1,000 acres of arable land in 2004, leased to Yangzhou Xinsheng Huamu Co., Ltd., leased for 8 years, leased at a price of 700 yuan per mu per year, and paid first The deposit is 100,000 yuan.
Anti-rental package. According to the wishes of the people and the requirements of industrialization development, the rural collective economic organizations lease the land that has been issued to the farmers, and then contract to the farmers after investment and development to improve production conditions. This kind of transfer form is transferred and reorganized in the original contracted business relationship, and an anti-rent and contracting agreement is required. For example, in the development of high-efficiency agriculture in 1999, Guanghui Village leased 1,000 mu of cultivated land for farmers at a price of more than 200 yuan per mu per year, established an aquaculture base, invested more than 500,000 to improve farmland infrastructure, and then contracted the land to farmers for rice paddy farming. The net profit per mu is more than 2,000 yuan, and it is not easy for farmers to do.
II. Problems and Causes in Land Circulation From the survey situation, the current transfer of land management rights in our town is basically at the initial stage of exploration, although there are many typical forms of circulation, and the optimal combination of production factors is promoted. Land utilization rate has played a positive role in resolving conflicts between people and land and developing scale operations, but there are also some problems that should attract attention and prevent.
1. The pace of circulation is not fast. From the preliminary statistical analysis of the typical survey, the land transfer area is less than 6,000 mu, accounting for only 9.1% of the total cultivated land, involving 820 households, accounting for only 5.7% of the total number of households. The land transfer behavior is only between local or minority farmers. There are three reasons for the analysis: First, the contradiction between people and land is not very prominent. The 30-year work of the town’s land extension was mainly carried out from 1994 to 1995. Although the policy of “increasing people without increasing land and reducing people without reducing land” was implemented, the changes in labor and population were not obvious. . In addition, some villages and villages have made minor adjustments to the land during the extension of the package. The land contracted by the farmers is basically balanced and it is difficult to enter the market for the time being. Second, the labor transfer is not sufficient. The pattern of “packaging land and households farming” restricts land transfer. The second and third industries in Shanyang are underdeveloped, and the rural labor force is mainly based on farming. Even if some rural enterprises are working, the labor can use the idle time to cultivate a small amount of cultivated land, so that the land transfer is restricted. Third, farmers' public ownership is strong, which limits the circulation of land. Due to the collective nature of rural land, everyone always believes that as a farmer, they should enjoy the possession of land. Therefore, for new labor and population, they would rather contend for the collective land, and they are not willing to subcontract to the farmers. The interest in participating in the transfer is not strong.
2. The flow behavior is not standardized. Main performance: First, transaction liberalization. At present, the transfer of rural land, especially the subcontracting transfer between farmers, is mostly a private negotiation transaction. One party gives the extra or unwilling land to the other party for cultivation. The two parties determine the subcontracting transfer period, the obligations to be undertaken or Compensation standards, but also pay attention to confidentiality, rarely through the village group cadres to coordinate, and do not perform subcontracting or transfer procedures. The reason why farmers do this is that they are flexible, convenient and simple, and they are not easy to change after they have fulfilled the formalities according to law. Therefore, the farmers spontaneously flowed positively and passively according to the law. Second, the flow is unreasonable. Due to the lack of management and regulation in the collective, land circulation tends to flow unreasonably. Third, the ownership is not clear. Every transfer of land management rights is a redefinition of land use rights. This definition must be based on clear ownership and based on law.
3. The circulation mechanism is not perfect. According to the survey, the current rural land extension is basically completed. The main reason is that some grassroots cadres and relevant departments have insufficient understanding of the meaning of land transfer, and the research on the scope, procedures, compensation standards, supporting policies and management measures of circulation is insufficient. The existence of the problem of the emergence of the problem has not attracted attention, normative work lacks initiative and forward-looking.
III. Improving the Countermeasures of Land Transfer It is suggested that the transfer of land management rights is a new topic and a party's policy-oriented work in rural areas. In view of the problems existing in land transfer and the future development trend, we believe that to speed up the pace of rural land circulation and embark on the track of standardizing health, the following countermeasures should be taken.
First, do a good job of propaganda and guide circulation. Land is the means of production on which farmers depend, and land contracting is the cornerstone of rural policy. Every reform measure of the land system will cause great concern to farmers. Therefore, to promote and encourage land transfer, we must do a good job of propaganda and guidance, explain the superiority of land transfer to farmers, and let farmers fully understand that land transfer is an inevitable trend of market agriculture development, and an effective way to resolve human-land conflicts. It is a necessary condition for realizing the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Explain to the peasants the land transfer policy, so that farmers understand that land transfer will not change and shake household contract management. It is necessary to actively guide farmers to carry out exploratory demonstration pilots, so that farmers can see the benefits of circulation and then promote them by snobbery.
Second, fair and mutually beneficial, voluntary circulation. Land transfer is the self-issuance of farmers in the process of rural economic development. It is necessary to insist on voluntary negotiation between the two parties, mutual benefit, and choose their own transfer form, circulation period and compensation standards. As long as they do not change the use of the land and assume obligations, the collectives must not use administrative means to force orders, and do not engage in "Langlang distribution." For collectively unified planning and centralized production projects, the collective can only coordinate and negotiate on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of the majority of the people, and guide farmers to carry out land transfer. For land that needs to be transferred or leased collectively, it should also carry forward democracy, publicly solicit opinions from the public, and conduct open, fair and equitable circulation.

Shanyang Agricultural Economic Center Sheng Aizhong