Thinking and research on optimizing the economic development environment

Thinking and research on optimizing the economic development environment

First, the core content of optimizing the economic development environment

The essence of optimizing the economic development environment is to create a good social environment for economic development. In the process of creating this good environment, the government as a main body, its role is irreplaceable. Therefore, correctly defining the government functions and giving full play to the functions of the government will directly affect the advantages and disadvantages of the economic development environment.

Government function refers to the government's responsibilities and functions for the development of the country and the social economy. It reveals the basic direction and basic role of the government in the social economy, that is, it answers the government's "what should be done in social and economic activities, and should not What to do" question. It can be said that the objective requirements of real social and economic development are the premise and basis for determining government functions. Under the current conditions of openness and transformation, what major functions should our government have? It depends on the major problems that the social economy will produce under the conditions of openness and transformation. This is the prerequisite for correctly defining the functions.

Basic functions of the government

1. The general law of the scarcity of order during the transition period determines that the supply order should become an important comprehensive function of the government.

To establish a market economy, we must first break the traditional concept of "ethical economy" and establish a new concept of "legal economy." This will inevitably lead people to resist the logic of the market, and the development of the market will require a "legalization" process. At the same time, the transition to a market economy requires not only the change of ethical standards and values, but also the redistribution of resources and power. It may provide opportunities for some people to develop, while depriving others of their traditional privileges, may also result in inequality in income and wealth, and does not match existing ownership, status, and power. This will lead to social conflicts and political struggles, causing chaos in economic life. And there is chaos and lack of order. Therefore, in the period of social transformation, the scarcity of order is a general law. In China, the current scarcity of order has become a very prominent issue. The proliferation of fake, fraudulent, fake and inferior products, serious unfair competition, lack of credit, etc., are different manifestations of the scarcity of order.

The government should shoulder the unshirkable responsibility for establishing and maintaining order. The government's own coercive and redistributive capabilities enable it to achieve economies of scale in providing order-based services, and become the most appropriate body for establishing and maintaining a system of property rights related to order, a market legal system, and the provision of appropriate judicial services. However, in this process, the government must be effectively supervised. In order to optimize the order, the government must advocate a spirit of the rule of law in the construction of order, and follow the rule of law to manage the market. The implementation and implementation of policies and measures related to order must be incorporated into the legal system. The government’s power to regulate and regulate the market should be Reasonable restrictions, relevant management actions must be effectively supervised and bear legal responsibility.

2. Under the conditions of transformation and opening up, in the face of increasingly fierce domestic and international economic competition, strengthening the competitiveness of the country or region should become the core economic function of all levels of government.

This includes three aspects. The first is to establish and improve a comprehensive social innovation mechanism. It refers to the social organization system that is led by the government and formed by the interaction of relevant departments and organizations to promote social innovation activities. Its basic function is to optimize innovation resources and coordinate social innovation activities. Because most of China's enterprises have low innovation ability, the government can influence and guide through various policies such as policies, regulations, plans, projects, procurement, finance, and services in building a sound policy and legal environment and infrastructure for enterprise innovation. And the direction and efficiency of interventions in innovation activities. Under the current situation that China's market mechanism is imperfect and the company's technological innovation capability is weak, the government's guidance and support for technological innovation is even more necessary. The second is to vigorously cultivate industrial competitiveness, strengthen the guidance of industrial policies, and promote the cultivation and development of pillar industries. For most developing countries, due to the imperfect development of the domestic market, the low length of the industrial structure, the backwardness of technology, and the lack of funds, it is difficult to achieve rapid industrial competitiveness by market forces alone. Therefore, the government should continue to formulate a sound industrial policy system, propose clear development plans, industrial layout, scale standards, key construction projects, etc., and ensure the implementation of policies and plans in the form of laws and regulations, and establish and improve fiscal and taxation. The guarantee system that is compatible with industrial policies, such as finance and foreign trade, promotes the improvement of industrial competitiveness. The third is to attach importance to human capital investment as a long-term strategy. Although China has abundant human resources, it still shows potential resources on the practical level. There are still many problems in the effective development and utilization of human resources. To this end, on the one hand, we must accelerate the pace of reform of China's talent system and personnel system, and truly establish talents as the "first resource" for economic development. Innovate the employment mechanism to build an effective incentive mechanism, selection mechanism, and elimination mechanism. On the other hand, it is necessary to increase investment in education, improve the vocational and technical education system, and promote lifelong education.

3. Under the conditions of transformation and opening up, social risks will become larger. Therefore, stable functions should become an important social function of the government.

In China, the current social risks mainly include social risks caused by high unemployment rate, social risks arising from corporate dilemmas, social risks arising from regional disparities, and social risks caused by polarization between rich and poor. For all types of social risks, the government must strengthen the regulation of competition. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish and improve the protection system for vulnerable groups as soon as possible. The most important thing is to establish a sound social security system: gradually expand the coverage of social security; accelerate the establishment of a diversified and multi-level social security system; strengthen the collection and management of insurance funds, strengthen the scale and capacity of protection; and reform the social insurance management system. Improve the level of management modernization. It is also necessary to focus on improving the government's ability to handle social risks and minimize the losses that society can bring to society.

4. Serious corruption may occur during the transition period, so prevention of corruption should be an important political function of the government.

The emergence and proliferation of corruption is often related to social transformation. A series of political changes have affected and destroyed the normal social and political systems and economic order in the past, which not only made the original hidden corruption appear, but also spread and spread rapidly. At present, China is one of the countries with more serious corruption in the world. From the actual situation, corruption has caused great losses to China's social economy and has become China's largest social pollution. Moreover, the sense of corruption is becoming a conscious of the younger generation. Consciousness has become a major obstacle to the healthy development of China's social economy. To this end, the government should identify anti-corruption and prevention of corruption as an important functional task in the transition period, and should always be persistent.

Second, existing problems and reasons for formation

In combination with the definition of the functions of the above-mentioned government, we find that in the optimization of the economic development environment, due to the failure of the government functions to be “in place”, some “absence”, “misplacement” and “offside” phenomena are directly caused.

Insufficient regulation and supervision of market order

First of all, the formulation of various market regulations is not perfect. It does not form a sound market regulation system, and it lacks certain adaptability. It is difficult to adapt to changing market conditions. Secondly, when enforcement of existing laws and regulations, law enforcement is not strict. There are reasons for the low public administration capacity of the government, and more importantly, the lack of government law enforcement awareness and concepts; once again, the local government’s laissez-faire protection of the local protectionism that seriously undermines the market order, and even the same pollution, has greatly hindered the establishment of China’s unified market system. .

The government’s direct intervention in the micro economy, especially on enterprises, is still too much

On the one hand, because the government's economic function has not been in place, the government's interests have not yet withdrawn from business operations; on the other hand, the effective state-owned asset management system has not yet formed, and the government's role has not yet been clarified. Some government functions still use direct intervention to control enterprises. In the day-to-day operations of enterprises, the government plays a pivotal role in key issues such as project approval, approval, and appointment and removal of business leaders. This directly hinders the real growth of enterprises into microeconomic entities that meet the requirements of the market economy, and enables enterprise reform. It has always been stagnant, and government functions have been delayed and cannot be effectively transferred.

Investment and financing management system reform lags behind

Under the planned economic system, the government's investment and financing management functions focus on micro-control of investment and financing activities. When the market economy system requires the government to control the investment and financing, our relevant departments are still accustomed to using the past management methods to manage, it is difficult to adapt to the current investment and financing market requirements. At many levels in the field of investment and financing in China, the government usually remains the main body of investment and financing. The singularity of this kind of subject is in contradiction with the vigorous development of China's investment and financing market, which has caused many disadvantages and directly hindered the sound development of China's investment and financing market.

Interesting grouping and non-public institutionalization tendencies in some government departments

According to the requirements of the transformation of government functions, all organizational reforms have sought to make government departments get out of the professional economic affairs that cannot be managed and managed, and turn to the management of economic affairs. However, in this process, some government departments have a tendency to interest group and non-public institutions. In the face of national interests, civic interests and departmental interests, they choose to maintain and continuously enhance the interests of their departments. At the same time, the public service functions of these government departments have weakened, and even led to institutional corruption in the entire sector and even in the industry. Social public power is a tool for the special interests of individual departments and industries.

The unity and transparency of administration according to law is not high

This is manifested in the following: First, the binding legal norms of government administrative behavior have not been well established; second, the government's administrative legislation lacks sensitivity, especially the lack of adaptability to changes in the market economy, which makes the government's Administrative regulations often lag behind fast-growing markets. Third, due to the overlapping of the functions of various government departments in the past, and the lack of coordination in the legislative bodies, the law and regulations are contradictory, and the market entities are at a loss. s consequence. At the same time, China's government administration is basically a self-administrative, closed administration, lack of openness and transparency to society and citizens. This point is even more backward than the trend of the times in the age of Internet, which is increasingly pursuing democratic rights such as the right to know.

The existence of these problems directly caused the phenomenon of “service absent, dislocation, and offside” in the development of the market economy. The main reason for the lack of government services is the fragmentation of the functional departments. For example, the departments of industry and commerce, technical supervision, food and medicine supervision, and taxation are all managed, and it is very difficult for local governments to coordinate and coordinate. The performance of the role misplacement can be divided into two categories, one is the administrative inaction of the government and functional departments, the unprofitable thing is not willing to manage; the other is the administrative violation, the wrong position, the management should not be managed or not Indiscriminate management, excessive approval of projects, cumbersome procedures, and law enforcement for fines and fees still exist. If a place is misplaced, it will have a negative impact on the overall environment. The market chooses enterprises, enterprises choose the environment, and the environment is cultivated by the government. If the government always finds out the position, it often happens to be misplaced, that is, it is destroying the environment, and it is also self-harming. In a market economy environment, the government's rights and responsibilities are to assume public responsibilities, especially employment, social security, national education, and public health management. These should be managed and must be managed. The government must not interfere with things that are managed by companies and intermediary organizations.

To further improve and develop the socialist market economy, optimize the economic development environment, and make government functions better serve the economic and social development, we must deal with the following three aspects: the relationship between giant view and investment. Coexistence with the profession is one of the sources of overlapping functions of government departments, and it is also one of the sources of the skin. After the reorganization, the macro-control department is no longer a comprehensive basis on the basis of the work of the professional department, nor is it a macro view based on the work of the micro-sector, but an independent market-oriented and social-oriented macro-control. At the same time, it is necessary to implement a separate investment system for administrative enterprises, reform traditional investment methods, and bring financing activities to the market to give play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation. The relationship between government and business. It is necessary to separate the administrative enterprises according to the requirements of the market economy, and to control the industry regardless of the enterprise. The government mainly manages the planning, policies, and regulations of the industry, and the industry organizations restrict and coordinate the enterprises. The relationship between the market and law enforcement. Under the conditions of market economy, as the main body of the market, the main goal of the enterprise is to make profits and invest in seeking returns, but it must follow the market rules of fair competition and survival of the fittest. The government should promote market development and improvement, maintain market order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises, investigate and deal with illegal acts, conduct administration according to law, and strengthen law enforcement supervision. Law enforcement should be separated from the market, so that law enforcement supervision is open and authoritative.

3. Taking the promulgation of the Administrative Licensing Law as an opportunity to comprehensively optimize the economic development environment

Taking the implementation of the Administrative Licensing Law as an opportunity, we must strive to do a good job in four aspects. First, fully perform government functions, continue to improve economic regulation and market supervision, and pay more attention to fulfilling social management and public service functions. The second is to further rationalize the relationship between the government and enterprises, the government and the market, the government and the society, and give greater play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation. It is necessary to drastically reduce the administrative examination and approval system reform and greatly reduce administrative examination and approval matters. In particular, we must deepen the reform of the investment system and establish the main position of the enterprise in investment activities according to the principle of who invests, who makes decisions, who benefits, and who bears the risks. The third is to adhere to scientific and democratic decision-making, establish and improve the collective decision-making system, expert consultation system, social publicity and hearing system, and decision-making responsibility system for major issues, and improve transparency and public participation in decision-making. The fourth is to promote the innovation of government management methods, use modern information technology to improve the organization and management of the government, timely release government decision-making, service procedures, and methods of work to the public, and provide public, transparent, and efficient public services to the people. Public utilities that are related to the interests of the people of the people must implement an open system for doing things.

Administration according to law is the basic requirement for implementing the strategy of governing the country according to law and improving the level of administrative management. This requires all government staff to adhere to the law, to learn and to handle economic and social affairs in accordance with the law. The administrative power shall be in accordance with the law, the administrative act shall abide by the law, and the administrative organ shall also bear the responsibility in violation of the law. It is necessary to reform the administrative law enforcement system, standardize the administrative law enforcement behavior, implement the administrative law enforcement responsibility system and the fault investigation system, and speed up the establishment of a law enforcement system with clear powers and responsibilities, standardized behavior, effective supervision, and strong guarantee. To truly achieve "the right must be responsible, the right to use supervision, infringement to compensate." The quality and work level of administrative law enforcement personnel directly affect the effect of administrative law enforcement, which is related to the interests of the people and to the image of the government. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of administrative law enforcement teams and continuously improve the ability and level of law enforcement.

—— Strict administration according to law and reduce administrative intervention. Government departments should act as "referees" in market competition, eliminate the "will of the chief executives", administratively according to law, and stop abuse of power, especially for non-public enterprises, as well as dragging, pushing each other, smashing hardships and "three chaos" "Phenomenon."

-- Transforming government functions and improving the service system. To change the government's command-and-command-type management of enterprises, we should enhance the awareness of "services are also management" and turn regulatory-type management into service-oriented management.

-- Reform the examination and approval system and create a fair environment. At present, the government still retains some approval rights that can be market-oriented operations, such as land, minerals, river sand, water resources development rights, urban water supply, sanitation, and bus line management rights, so that some have "background" and "relationships". "Enterprises can go to approvals and projects, and many non-public enterprises are rejected."

-- Open financing channels to solve financial difficulties. Credit evaluation standards for non-public enterprises should be established, credit evaluation should be carried out, and a credit guarantee system should be established to create favorable conditions for financing non-public enterprises.

- Rationalize management relations and avoid multiple political issues. It is recommended to establish a non-public enterprise management bureau or a small and medium enterprise management bureau in the county, which is responsible for the investigation, planning, coordination, service, guidance and supervision of non-public enterprises.