Investigation report on the highway to Western Europe
"Report on the Investigation of Expressway to Western Europe"
In order to learn from the successful experiences and practices of highways in Western Europe, improve the construction, operation and management level of expressways in our state. From March 29 to April 13, 2005, at the invitation of the chairman of the ADAC International Exchange Department, the state committee and state The government decided to report to the provincial party committee and the provincial government for approval. Zhao Zhibin, deputy secretary of the State Party Committee, led a group of 9 people from the Honghe Traffic Investigation Group to conduct a special study in Western Europe to learn about its advanced operation, maintenance, management and service in the expressway. experience.
I. Basic information of the investigation During the inspection tour in Western Europe, the delegation conducted field visits to the highways, some toll stations, service areas and parking areas of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany and Italy. In Bremen, Germany, the delegation was warmly received by Mr. Norbert Kneffer, Chairman of the ADAC International Exchange Department of the famous German Automobile Club. After the formal talks, he was invited to visit the business units of information transfer, technology, sales, etc. under the ADAC, and exchanged and contacted with the responsible personnel of the business department.
The economic conditions and economic system of Western European countries are roughly equal. In the developed countries of the world, the overall per capita GDP is more than 20,000 euros, ranking higher in the world. In terms of transportation infrastructure construction and management systems, although there are differences among countries, in general, they are relatively close. During the inspection, we traveled more than 5,300 kilometers through highway transportation, which is basically a highway. From France to Austria, the highways are basically built on the plains. From Austria to Italy, you need to cross the Alps, passing through many bridges and tunnels. The thoughtful design and construction quality of these highways and tunnels are all admirable. Accompanying us, we covered the entire western European highway network. Many of the highways and tunnels were built in the 1970s, and some even built in the 2030s and 30s, but they have been for decades. The overall design has been used all the time, and it is still not outdated. A few days later, I deeply felt that the Western European countries attach great importance to the construction of transportation infrastructure, and they have a deep sense of their developed traffic: the roads between the countries are not accessible, and only the country’s highway signs or guiding signs are set up on the national borders, forming a real In the sense of the road network; whether it is above ground, underground, or in the air, the transportation network extends in all directions, aviation is developed, the tram, the MRT are divided into several layers, unimpeded; the highway pavement is smooth, wide and straight, and there are fewer corners. There are complete services, safety, communication, monitoring and other facilities along the line; on both sides of the road, where there is a large slope, slope protection is built to prevent landslides and soil erosion; on both sides of the road, most of the houses are protected. Retaining walls and soundproof walls to prevent noise; the highway is very clean, all kinds of traffic signs, logos are complete and applicable, there are patterns, symbols, texts, more vivid and intuitive, reflecting the people-oriented and fast, safe, efficient and comfortable features.
Through investigation, the delegation conducted an in-depth discussion on the construction and management of expressways in Western Europe. It was agreed that successive governments in Western Europe have attached great importance to the construction of transportation infrastructure. The highway transportation network has covered the whole of Western Europe, and the expressway is embodied in the design. The principle of adapting to local conditions and seeking truth from facts, focusing on quality and traffic safety, environmental protection and the use of advanced technology, especially the transportation in all directions, the management of civilization and orderly, everywhere to write a "people-oriented" idea, its successful approach is worthwhile We draw on it.
Second, the characteristics and experience of the highway started earlier, extending in all directions, achieving network
As early as the 1920s and 1930s, highways began to appear in developed countries such as Germany and Italy. Western European countries have planned and large-scale construction of highways after the mid-1950s. At this time, the major developed countries in the West began to enter a period of rapid and rapid development from the wartime economic state. The total transportation demand is increasing, industrial and social production. The variety, low-volume products and high, fine and sharp products have increased greatly, and the requirements for transportation convenience and timeliness have been significantly improved. At the same time, the automobile industry has developed rapidly, and automobile transportation has gradually become the basic transportation mode in the comprehensive transportation system, which has directly promoted the development of expressways. The planning of the expressway network is basically carried out by the central government, which fully reflects the national will and is authoritative. Any construction and management organization shall not arbitrarily change the route, engineering project and technical standards determined by the plan. The construction of the highway has effectively promoted the establishment of the road network. Today, the highway network has covered the whole of Europe and become the aorta of the transportation system of various countries. Germany is the first country in the world to build highways. There are 9 highways connected to neighboring countries. Its highways have a history of more than 60 years, ranking third in the world. Due to its location in central Europe, most of its highways also carry the functions of continental Europe. Thus, the German highway network promotes economic development throughout Europe and economic exchanges between neighbouring countries. By the end of 2004, the German highway had a mileage of 230,000 kilometers, of which the total length of the expressway reached 115,000 kilometers, forming the largest highway network in Europe, and was famous for its majestic and excellent texture. In addition, the French and Italian highways are among the capitalist countries in terms of their quality, density and length of highways per million people.
Construction and management adapt to local conditions, high quality, reflecting practicality
1. Adapt to local conditions, economical and practical. In terms of investment, construction and management of expressways, countries have adopted various modes depending on their national conditions. For example, Germany adopts a model of government construction and management. France, Italy and other countries conduct highway construction and management by building a specialized national highway construction entity, the franchise management agency. The franchised expressway company is a business entity, which is mainly responsible for the construction, maintenance, management and operation of the expressway. After the contract expires, the good road will be handed over to the country. As the government's management agency for franchise highways, the State Highway Administration conducts macro management and regulation of franchise highway companies. In addition to the franchise mode, French highway management also has two methods: lease operation and management. These two methods are directly operated by the Highway Administration, mainly to raise funds for road construction. However, its management is mainly based on franchising. For example, Italy ANAS Group Highway Co., Ltd. is legally a legal person and the national economic department has 100% equity. The company only manages the national highway on behalf of the state, and is currently monitored by the Italian infrastructure and transportation department in the road management business. .
There are unified technical standards for highway construction. For example, the German 4-lane highway has a roadbed width of 29 meters, each lane is 3.75 meters, the middle separation width is 4.0 meters, and each side has a 3 meter wide emergency parking lane. However, the design of the lane is designed and constructed according to the demand of different traffic flow and the terrain. In our 5,300-kilometer journey, we did not see which highway design was the same from start to finish. According to the data, the eight-lane road in Germany accounts for 25% of the total length of the expressway. It is distributed within one or two hundred kilometers from the vicinity of large and medium-sized cities. It is connected with the urban urban road surface, eliminating the connection between urban and suburban roads. The bottleneck phenomenon has effectively solved the problem of traffic distribution in big cities. 70% of the road surface is six lanes, extending to all parts of the country, with a wide distribution. The four lanes only account for about 5%. It is built on rivers, cliffs, tunnels and other areas with more complicated and rugged roads. These terrains and parts were difficult to excavate, the construction was difficult, and the cost was too high, so four lanes were built.
In terms of investment methods, France, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries benefited from the government's franchise system for the construction, operation and charge management of expressways, which effectively solved the funding sources for highway construction. Highways in France, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries are toll roads. The toll rate in France is based on people's income levels, 15% of which is used for highway operation management and new road construction. In the countries we visited, only German highways are not charged. Germany's original highway construction investment mainly came from the federal government and private investment. In the early days, there were a small amount of foreign loans. After the oil taxation law was enacted, the automobile fuel tax was used as the main source of funds. The government formulates the entire economic expenditure plan according to the tax situation. The general principle of fund allocation is based on the increase in car ownership in each state and the traffic relations throughout the federal region and the urgency surveys in various regions. The ownership of the expressway is the federal government, which is uniformly invested and constructed by the federal government. After completion, it is entrusted to the state to manage and maintain. According to the introduction of the head of the ADAC technical department, with the increasing pressure on highway construction investment, the federal government plans to use a new toll system to collect road maintenance fees for large trucks on the highway. One of the purposes is to make the big The trucks took up part of the cost of building, maintaining and operating the expressway, and plans to start collecting tolls on private cars starting next year to solve the problem of shortage of funds for the expansion of the roads in Germany. In terms of charging methods, countries are generally the same. The construction of each toll site is relatively simple, which fully reflects the practicality, but the degree of intelligence of charging is relatively high. In terms of the level of automation of the toll gate, Italy is considered one of the most advanced countries in Europe. On its 5,580-kilometer toll highway, a total of 457 toll booths and 3,594 toll gates were set up, including 949 magnetic card toll gates and 1,424 electronic toll gates. Driving into the toll highway, you will generally encounter a large signboard with a "1000 meters from the toll booth." In addition to the car with the electronic bookkeeping device, the driver must take out a billing card here and move on. At the cash charge exit, the billing card is inserted into the automatic billing machine, and the display will immediately show the amount to be paid, and a special person will collect the cash. Magnetic card charges are divided into billing cards and prepaid cards. There is no deadline for use, and renewal can be made. The most advanced is the electronic bookkeeping. Because it installs an electronic equipment system at the toll gate, the toll highway can be "goed away", and the user should pay the highway fee directly to the user's bank account and settle it on a monthly basis.
The supporting facilities and maintenance management are not monotonous, but reflect practicality. For example, the setting of guardrails on both sides of the road, most of the sections do not use barriers and isolation nets, passing through villages and inhabited areas, with soundproof panels to eliminate car noise. For the setting of the middle green belt, countries are different, some are more "luxury", some are free to grow, and the area is not large. However, the greening on both sides of the road is very important. The government clearly stipulates that at the same time as the construction of the road, there must be a plan for greening, and the greening of the road will be completed. So on the roads thousands of kilometers, the lawn continues. Italy entered Rome, the Mediterranean was lush and green, and the car was like driving in the forest. Wall-mounted vines are also worn on the soundproof panels. The highway was repaired in time, and the problem was immediately repaired. The whole line was stopped and the vehicle detoured.
2, people-oriented, quality. There are two types of highways: concrete pavement and asphalt pavement. Due to the relatively low temperature in Western Europe, it is a cold area, so the asphalt pavement is mostly based on coarse aggregate. Because of the great emphasis on construction quality, the road surface is extremely flat and there are few corners. In terms of financing for construction, legislation has been adopted to formulate corresponding laws and regulations to provide a long-term, stable and sufficient source of funds for highway construction. This is also the basis for the effective implementation of highway development planning and the priority of quality. All countries in the European Union are "declaring the agreement countries". The highways are not inspected anywhere, and there is no need for visas. We ran on the Western European highway for ten days, did not see a highway patrol, did not encounter a police fine and vehicle anecdote on the highway. In Germany, I saw ADAC service personnel troubleshooting a car.
Western Europe’s safe management of traffic is also effective. For example, the prescribed driver is not allowed to speeding, no fatigue driving, no red light, and some supporting management measures. For example, in the form of legislation in the European Union in 1970, the 6.5-ton truck and the seven-seat passenger car that were engaged in operation must be forced to install a motor vehicle driving recorder. This recorder is like a "black box" on the plane. Some vehicles are equipped with equipment and must be inserted into the disc to start, thus effectively preventing the occurrence of safety accidents.
Complete supporting facilities, various traffic signs are eye-catching, and realized intelligentization
The traffic signs and pavement markings of highways in Western Europe are very conspicuous, clear, and standardized. Along the line, there are complete services, security, communication, monitoring and other facilities, such as forbidden fences, anti-glare screens, soundproof walls, anti-wild animal guardrails, roadside telephones and reflective guide signs. In order to alleviate road congestion, divert traffic, improve traffic capacity, reduce traffic accidents, and reduce environmental pollution.
The supporting facilities on the French highway are relatively advanced in the world. Both the service facilities and the monitoring equipment are first-class. Basically, the militaryization of the rescue team, the computerization of monitoring equipment, the standardization of road signs and the commercialization of service facilities have been realized. In the Netherlands, on a highway with a large or high flow rate, a set of variable speed limit signs is set to change the speed limit value according to climatic conditions and road traffic conditions. For the busiest section, recommend the best route to the driver by setting a variable sign at the important decision point.
The German highway is the only one in the world that can travel at an unlimited speed under normal conditions, but it will encounter road construction and sudden increase in vehicle density. After receiving the relevant information, the central control room obtains the speed of the vehicle running at a speed, and displays it on the speed limit sign. The vehicle can drive unhindered at this speed, thus maintaining the best speed and density on the road. To maximize the benefits.
In addition, it serves the users through industry associations and car clubs. For example, the German ADAC, the full name "Guangde Automobile Club", as long as it is related to the car, he is in charge. To become a member, you have to pay a few dozen euros a year, but the services you get are very detailed. If your car encounters any problems on the road, you will immediately call ADAC and you will immediately get the help of a professional technician. As long as the technician can solve the problem on the spot, there is no charge. If it cannot be solved, it will be free. You drag the car to the garage, and if you are in a hurry, you will be sent to your destination for free.
Third, a few suggestions 1, step by step, pay attention to quality. As a red river that has just started on the expressway, it is necessary to have a broad vision, pay attention to quality, implement it step by step, and persevere. Expressways have the characteristics of large capacity, fast driving speed and high transportation efficiency. However, if the network cannot be formed, the benefits cannot be fully utilized. At the beginning of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", our state has formulated a "three vertical and three horizontal" network plan for the high-grade highways of Honghe Prefecture by 2020, and has begun to implement gradually. At present, the transportation construction is in a transitional period, and the construction funds are under great pressure. However, it is necessary to do everything possible to raise funds and gradually implement it to form a high-grade highway network for the state and the main highway.
In the width of the road, the starting point is high, the road surface is wide, and one step is in place. In the past 100 years, the road conditions are the first. The road surface of the expressway can be planned ahead of the traffic flow, and the long-term planning cannot be abandoned due to temporary funding problems. The general road surface should be built with six lanes, and connected to the urban area, such as Jimeng Avenue, eight lanes can be built to eliminate traffic bottlenecks. Other sections can be constructed according to actual conditions.
In addition, the construction quality of expressways is not only related to the service life of the project, but also directly related to the safety of life and people. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the quality of construction, to have a sense of quality, to close the project, to reduce losses and save investment. .
2. Actively implement automatic toll collection system. At present, the chicken stone and Tongjian expressway in our state are undergoing construction of facilities along the line and the construction of the toll system. In order to reduce operating costs, it is recommended to adopt an automatic card retrieval system.
3. Reduce investment in construction of advanced traffic green belts. It is suggested that in the case of large capital pressure and limited state financial resources, highway construction should be as practical as possible, and more investment should be made in the quality of the road surface and the width of the road surface. In particular, the quality should be strictly implemented in accordance with the design standards, one step in place. However, in the middle green belt and the greening construction of the interchange area, we do not blindly pursue “luxury” and advocate diligence.
In order to learn from the successful experiences and practices of highways in Western Europe, improve the construction, operation and management level of expressways in our state. From March 29 to April 13, 2005, at the invitation of the chairman of the ADAC International Exchange Department, the state committee and state The government decided to report to the provincial party committee and the provincial government for approval. Zhao Zhibin, deputy secretary of the State Party Committee, led a group of 9 people from the Honghe Traffic Investigation Group to conduct a special study in Western Europe to learn about its advanced operation, maintenance, management and service in the expressway. experience.
I. Basic information of the investigation During the inspection tour in Western Europe, the delegation conducted field visits to the highways, some toll stations, service areas and parking areas of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany and Italy. In Bremen, Germany, the delegation was warmly received by Mr. Norbert Kneffer, Chairman of the ADAC International Exchange Department of the famous German Automobile Club. After the formal talks, he was invited to visit the business units of information transfer, technology, sales, etc. under the ADAC, and exchanged and contacted with the responsible personnel of the business department.
The economic conditions and economic system of Western European countries are roughly equal. In the developed countries of the world, the overall per capita GDP is more than 20,000 euros, ranking higher in the world. In terms of transportation infrastructure construction and management systems, although there are differences among countries, in general, they are relatively close. During the inspection, we traveled more than 5,300 kilometers through highway transportation, which is basically a highway. From France to Austria, the highways are basically built on the plains. From Austria to Italy, you need to cross the Alps, passing through many bridges and tunnels. The thoughtful design and construction quality of these highways and tunnels are all admirable. Accompanying us, we covered the entire western European highway network. Many of the highways and tunnels were built in the 1970s, and some even built in the 2030s and 30s, but they have been for decades. The overall design has been used all the time, and it is still not outdated. A few days later, I deeply felt that the Western European countries attach great importance to the construction of transportation infrastructure, and they have a deep sense of their developed traffic: the roads between the countries are not accessible, and only the country’s highway signs or guiding signs are set up on the national borders, forming a real In the sense of the road network; whether it is above ground, underground, or in the air, the transportation network extends in all directions, aviation is developed, the tram, the MRT are divided into several layers, unimpeded; the highway pavement is smooth, wide and straight, and there are fewer corners. There are complete services, safety, communication, monitoring and other facilities along the line; on both sides of the road, where there is a large slope, slope protection is built to prevent landslides and soil erosion; on both sides of the road, most of the houses are protected. Retaining walls and soundproof walls to prevent noise; the highway is very clean, all kinds of traffic signs, logos are complete and applicable, there are patterns, symbols, texts, more vivid and intuitive, reflecting the people-oriented and fast, safe, efficient and comfortable features.
Through investigation, the delegation conducted an in-depth discussion on the construction and management of expressways in Western Europe. It was agreed that successive governments in Western Europe have attached great importance to the construction of transportation infrastructure. The highway transportation network has covered the whole of Western Europe, and the expressway is embodied in the design. The principle of adapting to local conditions and seeking truth from facts, focusing on quality and traffic safety, environmental protection and the use of advanced technology, especially the transportation in all directions, the management of civilization and orderly, everywhere to write a "people-oriented" idea, its successful approach is worthwhile We draw on it.
Second, the characteristics and experience of the highway started earlier, extending in all directions, achieving network
As early as the 1920s and 1930s, highways began to appear in developed countries such as Germany and Italy. Western European countries have planned and large-scale construction of highways after the mid-1950s. At this time, the major developed countries in the West began to enter a period of rapid and rapid development from the wartime economic state. The total transportation demand is increasing, industrial and social production. The variety, low-volume products and high, fine and sharp products have increased greatly, and the requirements for transportation convenience and timeliness have been significantly improved. At the same time, the automobile industry has developed rapidly, and automobile transportation has gradually become the basic transportation mode in the comprehensive transportation system, which has directly promoted the development of expressways. The planning of the expressway network is basically carried out by the central government, which fully reflects the national will and is authoritative. Any construction and management organization shall not arbitrarily change the route, engineering project and technical standards determined by the plan. The construction of the highway has effectively promoted the establishment of the road network. Today, the highway network has covered the whole of Europe and become the aorta of the transportation system of various countries. Germany is the first country in the world to build highways. There are 9 highways connected to neighboring countries. Its highways have a history of more than 60 years, ranking third in the world. Due to its location in central Europe, most of its highways also carry the functions of continental Europe. Thus, the German highway network promotes economic development throughout Europe and economic exchanges between neighbouring countries. By the end of 2004, the German highway had a mileage of 230,000 kilometers, of which the total length of the expressway reached 115,000 kilometers, forming the largest highway network in Europe, and was famous for its majestic and excellent texture. In addition, the French and Italian highways are among the capitalist countries in terms of their quality, density and length of highways per million people.
Construction and management adapt to local conditions, high quality, reflecting practicality
1. Adapt to local conditions, economical and practical. In terms of investment, construction and management of expressways, countries have adopted various modes depending on their national conditions. For example, Germany adopts a model of government construction and management. France, Italy and other countries conduct highway construction and management by building a specialized national highway construction entity, the franchise management agency. The franchised expressway company is a business entity, which is mainly responsible for the construction, maintenance, management and operation of the expressway. After the contract expires, the good road will be handed over to the country. As the government's management agency for franchise highways, the State Highway Administration conducts macro management and regulation of franchise highway companies. In addition to the franchise mode, French highway management also has two methods: lease operation and management. These two methods are directly operated by the Highway Administration, mainly to raise funds for road construction. However, its management is mainly based on franchising. For example, Italy ANAS Group Highway Co., Ltd. is legally a legal person and the national economic department has 100% equity. The company only manages the national highway on behalf of the state, and is currently monitored by the Italian infrastructure and transportation department in the road management business. .
There are unified technical standards for highway construction. For example, the German 4-lane highway has a roadbed width of 29 meters, each lane is 3.75 meters, the middle separation width is 4.0 meters, and each side has a 3 meter wide emergency parking lane. However, the design of the lane is designed and constructed according to the demand of different traffic flow and the terrain. In our 5,300-kilometer journey, we did not see which highway design was the same from start to finish. According to the data, the eight-lane road in Germany accounts for 25% of the total length of the expressway. It is distributed within one or two hundred kilometers from the vicinity of large and medium-sized cities. It is connected with the urban urban road surface, eliminating the connection between urban and suburban roads. The bottleneck phenomenon has effectively solved the problem of traffic distribution in big cities. 70% of the road surface is six lanes, extending to all parts of the country, with a wide distribution. The four lanes only account for about 5%. It is built on rivers, cliffs, tunnels and other areas with more complicated and rugged roads. These terrains and parts were difficult to excavate, the construction was difficult, and the cost was too high, so four lanes were built.
In terms of investment methods, France, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries benefited from the government's franchise system for the construction, operation and charge management of expressways, which effectively solved the funding sources for highway construction. Highways in France, Italy, the Netherlands and other countries are toll roads. The toll rate in France is based on people's income levels, 15% of which is used for highway operation management and new road construction. In the countries we visited, only German highways are not charged. Germany's original highway construction investment mainly came from the federal government and private investment. In the early days, there were a small amount of foreign loans. After the oil taxation law was enacted, the automobile fuel tax was used as the main source of funds. The government formulates the entire economic expenditure plan according to the tax situation. The general principle of fund allocation is based on the increase in car ownership in each state and the traffic relations throughout the federal region and the urgency surveys in various regions. The ownership of the expressway is the federal government, which is uniformly invested and constructed by the federal government. After completion, it is entrusted to the state to manage and maintain. According to the introduction of the head of the ADAC technical department, with the increasing pressure on highway construction investment, the federal government plans to use a new toll system to collect road maintenance fees for large trucks on the highway. One of the purposes is to make the big The trucks took up part of the cost of building, maintaining and operating the expressway, and plans to start collecting tolls on private cars starting next year to solve the problem of shortage of funds for the expansion of the roads in Germany. In terms of charging methods, countries are generally the same. The construction of each toll site is relatively simple, which fully reflects the practicality, but the degree of intelligence of charging is relatively high. In terms of the level of automation of the toll gate, Italy is considered one of the most advanced countries in Europe. On its 5,580-kilometer toll highway, a total of 457 toll booths and 3,594 toll gates were set up, including 949 magnetic card toll gates and 1,424 electronic toll gates. Driving into the toll highway, you will generally encounter a large signboard with a "1000 meters from the toll booth." In addition to the car with the electronic bookkeeping device, the driver must take out a billing card here and move on. At the cash charge exit, the billing card is inserted into the automatic billing machine, and the display will immediately show the amount to be paid, and a special person will collect the cash. Magnetic card charges are divided into billing cards and prepaid cards. There is no deadline for use, and renewal can be made. The most advanced is the electronic bookkeeping. Because it installs an electronic equipment system at the toll gate, the toll highway can be "goed away", and the user should pay the highway fee directly to the user's bank account and settle it on a monthly basis.
The supporting facilities and maintenance management are not monotonous, but reflect practicality. For example, the setting of guardrails on both sides of the road, most of the sections do not use barriers and isolation nets, passing through villages and inhabited areas, with soundproof panels to eliminate car noise. For the setting of the middle green belt, countries are different, some are more "luxury", some are free to grow, and the area is not large. However, the greening on both sides of the road is very important. The government clearly stipulates that at the same time as the construction of the road, there must be a plan for greening, and the greening of the road will be completed. So on the roads thousands of kilometers, the lawn continues. Italy entered Rome, the Mediterranean was lush and green, and the car was like driving in the forest. Wall-mounted vines are also worn on the soundproof panels. The highway was repaired in time, and the problem was immediately repaired. The whole line was stopped and the vehicle detoured.
2, people-oriented, quality. There are two types of highways: concrete pavement and asphalt pavement. Due to the relatively low temperature in Western Europe, it is a cold area, so the asphalt pavement is mostly based on coarse aggregate. Because of the great emphasis on construction quality, the road surface is extremely flat and there are few corners. In terms of financing for construction, legislation has been adopted to formulate corresponding laws and regulations to provide a long-term, stable and sufficient source of funds for highway construction. This is also the basis for the effective implementation of highway development planning and the priority of quality. All countries in the European Union are "declaring the agreement countries". The highways are not inspected anywhere, and there is no need for visas. We ran on the Western European highway for ten days, did not see a highway patrol, did not encounter a police fine and vehicle anecdote on the highway. In Germany, I saw ADAC service personnel troubleshooting a car.
Western Europe’s safe management of traffic is also effective. For example, the prescribed driver is not allowed to speeding, no fatigue driving, no red light, and some supporting management measures. For example, in the form of legislation in the European Union in 1970, the 6.5-ton truck and the seven-seat passenger car that were engaged in operation must be forced to install a motor vehicle driving recorder. This recorder is like a "black box" on the plane. Some vehicles are equipped with equipment and must be inserted into the disc to start, thus effectively preventing the occurrence of safety accidents.
Complete supporting facilities, various traffic signs are eye-catching, and realized intelligentization
The traffic signs and pavement markings of highways in Western Europe are very conspicuous, clear, and standardized. Along the line, there are complete services, security, communication, monitoring and other facilities, such as forbidden fences, anti-glare screens, soundproof walls, anti-wild animal guardrails, roadside telephones and reflective guide signs. In order to alleviate road congestion, divert traffic, improve traffic capacity, reduce traffic accidents, and reduce environmental pollution.
The supporting facilities on the French highway are relatively advanced in the world. Both the service facilities and the monitoring equipment are first-class. Basically, the militaryization of the rescue team, the computerization of monitoring equipment, the standardization of road signs and the commercialization of service facilities have been realized. In the Netherlands, on a highway with a large or high flow rate, a set of variable speed limit signs is set to change the speed limit value according to climatic conditions and road traffic conditions. For the busiest section, recommend the best route to the driver by setting a variable sign at the important decision point.
The German highway is the only one in the world that can travel at an unlimited speed under normal conditions, but it will encounter road construction and sudden increase in vehicle density. After receiving the relevant information, the central control room obtains the speed of the vehicle running at a speed, and displays it on the speed limit sign. The vehicle can drive unhindered at this speed, thus maintaining the best speed and density on the road. To maximize the benefits.
In addition, it serves the users through industry associations and car clubs. For example, the German ADAC, the full name "Guangde Automobile Club", as long as it is related to the car, he is in charge. To become a member, you have to pay a few dozen euros a year, but the services you get are very detailed. If your car encounters any problems on the road, you will immediately call ADAC and you will immediately get the help of a professional technician. As long as the technician can solve the problem on the spot, there is no charge. If it cannot be solved, it will be free. You drag the car to the garage, and if you are in a hurry, you will be sent to your destination for free.
Third, a few suggestions 1, step by step, pay attention to quality. As a red river that has just started on the expressway, it is necessary to have a broad vision, pay attention to quality, implement it step by step, and persevere. Expressways have the characteristics of large capacity, fast driving speed and high transportation efficiency. However, if the network cannot be formed, the benefits cannot be fully utilized. At the beginning of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", our state has formulated a "three vertical and three horizontal" network plan for the high-grade highways of Honghe Prefecture by 2020, and has begun to implement gradually. At present, the transportation construction is in a transitional period, and the construction funds are under great pressure. However, it is necessary to do everything possible to raise funds and gradually implement it to form a high-grade highway network for the state and the main highway.
In the width of the road, the starting point is high, the road surface is wide, and one step is in place. In the past 100 years, the road conditions are the first. The road surface of the expressway can be planned ahead of the traffic flow, and the long-term planning cannot be abandoned due to temporary funding problems. The general road surface should be built with six lanes, and connected to the urban area, such as Jimeng Avenue, eight lanes can be built to eliminate traffic bottlenecks. Other sections can be constructed according to actual conditions.
In addition, the construction quality of expressways is not only related to the service life of the project, but also directly related to the safety of life and people. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the quality of construction, to have a sense of quality, to close the project, to reduce losses and save investment. .
2. Actively implement automatic toll collection system. At present, the chicken stone and Tongjian expressway in our state are undergoing construction of facilities along the line and the construction of the toll system. In order to reduce operating costs, it is recommended to adopt an automatic card retrieval system.
3. Reduce investment in construction of advanced traffic green belts. It is suggested that in the case of large capital pressure and limited state financial resources, highway construction should be as practical as possible, and more investment should be made in the quality of the road surface and the width of the road surface. In particular, the quality should be strictly implemented in accordance with the design standards, one step in place. However, in the middle green belt and the greening construction of the interchange area, we do not blindly pursue “luxury” and advocate diligence.
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