Investigation Report on Wuhan's Agricultural Mechanization in France and Other Western European Countries
Investigation Report on Wuhan's Agricultural Mechanization in France and Other Western European Countries
From November 16th to 27th, with the approval of the leaders of the municipal government, a group of 6 people from the Wuhan Agricultural Mechanization Research Group headed by Chen Chaintao, a member of the Party Committee of the Agricultural Bureau and the head of the Municipal Agricultural Mechanization Service Station, on the Western European Law, Germany, and Netherlands. The agricultural mechanization situation of the eight countries was investigated. The delegation visited the agricultural situation of each country along the way, and had a discussion and exchange with Mr. Bunker and Mr. Alleville, senior experts in agriculture and agricultural machinery of the French Senior Expert Consultation Association. The members of each delegation were deeply impressed by the advanced agricultural mechanization technology, the standardized market operation mode, the modern agricultural management concept and the beautiful rural environment in the agricultural production and management of Western European countries. Especially in France, from the end of the Second World War, it took less than 20 years to build a small-scale peasant economy into a large agricultural modernization country in the EU and the world. Its agricultural modernization road will gradually realize agricultural mechanization and modernization in Wuhan. Building a well-off society in an all-round way has strong reference and guidance.
I. Typical small-scale peasant economy and society Overview of French agriculture and agricultural mechanization before the Second World War. After World War II, France was basically a small-scale peasant economy. During the French Revolution, the government issued a decree in 1793 to sell the land to small farmers. The peasants changed from slaves to masters of the land, greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to grow land, and the grain output increased rapidly. After a few years, agriculture began to falter. In the following century and a half, although the French peasants who were known for their hard work and hard work were greedy, hardworking and intensive, France still could not solve its own “meal” problem until the World War II, but also a net importer of agricultural products. The reason for the stagnation of agricultural development before the Second World War in France was very simple. The rural population was large, the land was fragmented, large-scale agricultural machinery was difficult to promote and use, and new science and technology could not be used. Farmers were trying to solve their own problems of food and clothing. Cattle farming, feeding pigs for the New Year, is a typical self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy and society.
France began to produce agricultural machinery in the 1860s. By the 1930s, it had the production capacity of agricultural machinery such as internal combustion engines, tractors, balers, and threshers. However, due to factors such as the scale of agricultural production, the use of agricultural machinery Not universal. By 1943, the number of tractors in the country was less than 30,000, and the 1,000 hectares of arable land was less than one tractor, and the mechanization level was very low.
Second, the premise of agricultural modernization Fully realize agricultural mechanization. After the Second World War, the French government placed the modernization of agricultural equipment in an extremely prominent position. In the early post-war period, France’s domestic production funds were extremely scarce. The French government abandoned the concept of “no domestic debt and no external debt”, boldly borrowed from abroad, and spared no debts. It used long-term low-interest loans with price subsidies and state guarantees. The first way is to get the agricultural mechanization first. On the one hand, farmers can buy agricultural machinery and enjoy price subsidies. In the 1950s, it was stipulated that the purchase of new agricultural machinery and equipment at a discount of 15% of the original price, the purchase of agricultural machinery parts can be reduced by 20%, the difference is replenished by the state. In the 1960s, the farmer was required to purchase tractors. The government could give 20%-30% of the investment subsidy. In addition, 10%-20% of the rural infrastructure projects such as water conservancy projects, roads, electrification projects and land remediation projects were built. State grant. According to statistics, from July 1st, 1948 to December 31st, 1952, the amount of agricultural engineering subsidies issued by the French government amounted to 509.1 billion francs. In another way, the government guarantees that the bank provides long-term, low-interest loans. In the 1960s, the interest on bank commercial loans was generally 7-8%, and the interest on loans for purchasing agricultural machinery could be reduced to 3-4%. The loan period was More than 5 years. The loan amount accounts for more than half of the self-raised funds. From July 1, 1948 to December 31, 1952, the modernization and equipment funds issued through agricultural lending banks amounted to 123.39 billion francs. According to the needs of farmers, agricultural loans have increased year by year. Compared with 1960, the amount of agricultural loans issued by the state has increased seven-fold. The agricultural internal combustion engines and fuels are all tax-free, and agricultural electricity is far cheaper than the industry. In order to ensure the quality and convenient use of agricultural machinery, the government issued “holding warrants”, designated specialized enterprises, and established sales service outlets in various places. No matter which manufacturer's product is in the year, its parts can be purchased anywhere. The French "Agricultural Machinery Law" stipulates that after the agricultural machinery products are discontinued for 10 years, the supply of spare parts must be guaranteed. Agricultural machinery is inexpensive, and after-sales service is guaranteed, which is very popular among farmers. By 1970, the number of tractors in each farm had reached 1.7 million, and there were almost one tractor on 10 hectares of arable land, which could fully meet the needs of farming and other work projects. The number of combine harvesters has increased to 100,000 units, and other agricultural machinery such as plant protection and drainage have also become popular. In 2003, the total sales of agricultural machinery in France reached 3.62 billion euros, of which 36,000 tractors were sold, with an average power of more than 115 horsepower per unit. The tractor sales accounted for 30% of the total sales of agricultural machinery. Others were harvesting, animal husbandry and other machinery.
In order to reduce the cost of farmers using agricultural machinery, improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery. France encourages the establishment of cooperatives that use agricultural machinery together. The French abbreviation for this cooperative is “CUMA”, which is transliterated as “Juma”. In the early stage of post-war agricultural mechanization and modernization, farmers relied mainly on animal power and manual labor, and the purchasing power level was still relatively low. In order to solve the financial difficulties of purchasing expensive agricultural machinery and equipment, farmers spontaneously organized a special cooperative “Guima” that collectively purchases and uses agricultural machinery together. According to the statistics of 1983, there are more than 10,000 “Juma” in all parts of the country, with 250,000 farmers, the scale is generally 300-500 hectares, accounting for 20% of the farmers, and the machine use fee can be reduced by 30-40%. . The French government is very supportive of this kind of cooperation organization. "Juma" can enjoy all the benefits of taxation and can also get concessional loans. At the time of its establishment, “Juma” can obtain a subsidy of about 15% of the initial investment. In mountainous areas and difficult areas, this subsidy can be increased to 40-50%. When purchasing new equipment, according to local conditions, The horse can get 20-40% support. In addition, the funds and equipment investment of “Juma” are mainly funded by the Agricultural Bank, and the loan interest rates vary greatly depending on the region. In addition, there are agricultural credit cooperatives and supply and sales cooperatives in rural France. Cooperatives are divided according to industry. Farmers can join several cooperatives at the same time according to their business conditions. The two parties sign contracts each year. Farmers only need to make good farm work, and the rest are handed over to the cooperative. At the end of the year, the risk fund and the development reserve are deducted, and the rest are distributed to the members according to the amount of the company's funds and the amount of agricultural products purchased. In the event of a loss, the member shall also bear the risk according to the corresponding share. Agricultural cooperatives occupy the vast majority of the agricultural product market, production materials and feed are basically supplied by supply and marketing cooperatives, and more than 90% of the loan business is provided by credit cooperatives.
Third, the guarantee of agricultural mechanization and modernization The land is relatively concentrated and industrialized. The first prominent contradiction in the process of mechanization and modernization of French agriculture is that there are fewer people. According to relevant information, in 1950, France had an agricultural population of 9.9 million and a labor force of 6.5 million. Each agricultural labor force was responsible for 3 hectares of cultivated land. In the mid-1950s, the government introduced a series of measures to promote land concentration and promote scale operations. Specific measures: First, "minus". In order to transfer surplus labor, the government raises farmers over the age of 55 and distributes “life-long subsidies for farmers” at one time; encourages young people in rural areas to leave their homes and work in cities; other young and middle-aged laborers, the government pays for classes. First, training, then farming. The second is "plus". The government stipulates that there is only one legal inheritor of the farmer to prevent further decentralization of the land; at the same time, tax incentives are introduced to encourage father-son farms and brother farms to jointly operate land and people; and the farmers’ spontaneous land consolidation and tax reductions will keep the farms expand. The third is "integration." Governments at all levels have set up land remediation companies, which have the right to purchase land, concentrate the purchase of flower-filled land and low-yield fields, and renovate them into standard farms and sell them at low prices to farmers who have medium-sized farms with operational capacity. Due to the above measures, the scale of farms in France has been expanding. In the 1950s, there were 1.27 million small farms under 10 hectares in France, 530,000 after 20 years, and more than 40,000 farms over 50 hectares. The agricultural labor force has been reduced from more than 2 million to less than 300,000. The proportion of agricultural population in the total population has been reduced from 40% to around 10%. By 2003, the proportion of agricultural population in the total population had been reduced to 2.2%, and farmers per capita possessed more than 10 hectares of cultivated land.
Another prominent contradiction in the process of agricultural mechanization and modernization in France is that there are many projects operated by farmers in one household, the varieties of cultivation are complex, and the degree of specialization and commercialization is not high. Like the traditional small-scale peasant economy, the French peasants before the Second World War were small and full, self-sufficient, and they had to grow vegetables and grow vegetables on the limited land, but also to grow fruits and vegetables, and to raise pigs in the fence. . As a result of this operation, first, the farm work is too complicated, the degree of specialization is not high, and it is difficult to improve the technical level. Second, the variety is large and the quantity is small, the degree of commercialization is not high, and it is difficult to effectively occupy the market. The third is the arrangement of flower arrangement, the degree of mechanization is not High, it is difficult to increase labor productivity. After the Second World War, with the gradual advancement of "agricultural equipment modernization and scale", the government took the opportunity to start a "professional" article. The agricultural specialization in France can be summarized into three types: regional specialization, farm specialization and job specialization. In terms of regional specialization, according to natural conditions, historical habits and technical level, different crops and livestock production are rationally distributed. The country is divided into 22 agricultural regions and 470 agricultural communities to form specialized commercial production areas. The fertile area of the Paris Basin is dominated by high-quality wheat, which accounts for one-third of the country's wheat production. The western Brittany mountainous region is rich in grassland resources and focuses on animal husbandry. The base provides 40% of the country's pork production. 30% of livestock meat, 32% of beef, and 20% of eggs; the southern Mediterranean region has a traditional advantage to expand grape growing; in the north is a potato producing area, and its potato production accounts for 50% of the country's total production. In terms of farm specialization, it can be roughly divided into livestock farms, grain farms, grape farms, fruit farms, vegetable farms, etc. according to the business content. Professional farms generally operate a product. Job specialization refers to all the work done in the past by a farm, such as farming, field management, harvest transportation, storage, marketing, etc., all undertaken by enterprises outside the farm, which transforms the farm from the original self-sufficient production to commercialization. produce.
French friends told us that France basically realized agricultural mechanization in 1970 and modernized in the 1980s. However, agricultural modernization is a dynamic process. The agricultural modernization in France continues. Now it has entered a new stage of “reasonable development”. The state is encouraging farmers to find and practice new agricultural development models that are conducive to environmental protection and sustainable development. . Recently, the criteria for rational agriculture in the next 10 years have been proposed. The so-called rational agriculture is to continuously improve the quality of agricultural products under the premise of ensuring the income of farmers, pay attention to the protection of biological diversity, and pay attention to the harmonious development of agriculture and nature. It is considered to be the most reliable form of sustainable agricultural development.
The current situation of agricultural and rural areas in Wuhan has many similarities with the agriculture before and after the end of World War II in France. Like the whole country, Wuhan has entered a well-off society as a whole, and is in the stage of industrialization. It has a certain industrial base, technical foundation and economic foundation. However, compared with France, the agricultural population is more, the per capita arable land is less, the vast rural infrastructure is worse, and the level of agricultural mechanization, specialization and commercialization is lower. At the same time, the rural areas of Wuhan are the geographical features of “half-and-a-half-land”, and the natural climate is also at a different latitude from France. The harvesting season of crops is also different. Wuhan City generally makes two or three harvests for the year. There are great differences in the development of agricultural mechanization. However, France's creative development of agricultural mechanization methods, such as the establishment of agricultural machinery cooperatives and agricultural machinery leasing companies, is suitable for us. The French government's policy of encouraging the development of agricultural mechanization and encouraging the construction of rural machine-farming roads is suitable for us to learn and learn from. At present, the party and the state attach great importance to the work of agricultural agricultural machinery, and have clearly proposed to raise the level of agricultural mechanization. In June this year, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization was promulgated. We should use this east wind to learn from the experience of Western agriculture and other countries in the development of national agricultural mechanization and modernization, and formulate practical and feasible policies and measures to comprehensively promote agricultural mechanization. As the leader, with appropriate scale operation and specialized production as the two wings, in accordance with the principles of adapting to local conditions, economic efficiency, ensuring safety and protecting the environment, and making full use of the latest civilization achievements of mankind to arm agriculture and armed farmers, Wuhan can be realized in the shortest time. The agricultural mechanization of the city, the construction of agricultural modernization, and the construction of the vast rural areas into a strong, civilized and democratic new socialist countryside synchronized with the city.
Seven Laws and Three Heads • Brigade in Europe
On October 14, I rateed the Wuhan Agricultural Machinery Delegation and conducted a nearly half-month visit to the agricultural mechanization of the eight Western European countries. I was deeply touched.
It’s really pleasant to know when it’s good, and I’m going to go abroad.
Driving the iron ride to drink "Han Shui" 1, the evening by the silver Yan "white clouds." 1
The landline invites friends to talk about the mission, and the day-to-day friends bring laughter.
The cup of the hand is not cold, and the foot is already exotic.
Since ancient times, human beings have come out of space, and civilization has inherited the same Kyushu.
Looking at the history of the Chinese and Western farmers, Wubang once had a sage.
The success of the road is divided into successive successors.
Locked in the closed domain, a few mistakes in the country, the well frog An Zhitian nine heavy?
In the meantime, Wanli visited the foreign countries, so the land and farmer's feelings are in the stomach.
One billion people live with 800 million crops, and they are busy with their work.
It is also said that there are farming things in the West, and it is difficult to distinguish between urban and rural areas.
Return to the "promotion of the volume" 3, and write a good "text" of China.
Note: 1 Hanshui: refers to Wuhan; Baiyun: refers to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.
2 power: the person in power.
3 Promotion Volume: Refers to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Agricultural Mechanization Promotion
From November 16th to 27th, with the approval of the leaders of the municipal government, a group of 6 people from the Wuhan Agricultural Mechanization Research Group headed by Chen Chaintao, a member of the Party Committee of the Agricultural Bureau and the head of the Municipal Agricultural Mechanization Service Station, on the Western European Law, Germany, and Netherlands. The agricultural mechanization situation of the eight countries was investigated. The delegation visited the agricultural situation of each country along the way, and had a discussion and exchange with Mr. Bunker and Mr. Alleville, senior experts in agriculture and agricultural machinery of the French Senior Expert Consultation Association. The members of each delegation were deeply impressed by the advanced agricultural mechanization technology, the standardized market operation mode, the modern agricultural management concept and the beautiful rural environment in the agricultural production and management of Western European countries. Especially in France, from the end of the Second World War, it took less than 20 years to build a small-scale peasant economy into a large agricultural modernization country in the EU and the world. Its agricultural modernization road will gradually realize agricultural mechanization and modernization in Wuhan. Building a well-off society in an all-round way has strong reference and guidance.
I. Typical small-scale peasant economy and society Overview of French agriculture and agricultural mechanization before the Second World War. After World War II, France was basically a small-scale peasant economy. During the French Revolution, the government issued a decree in 1793 to sell the land to small farmers. The peasants changed from slaves to masters of the land, greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to grow land, and the grain output increased rapidly. After a few years, agriculture began to falter. In the following century and a half, although the French peasants who were known for their hard work and hard work were greedy, hardworking and intensive, France still could not solve its own “meal” problem until the World War II, but also a net importer of agricultural products. The reason for the stagnation of agricultural development before the Second World War in France was very simple. The rural population was large, the land was fragmented, large-scale agricultural machinery was difficult to promote and use, and new science and technology could not be used. Farmers were trying to solve their own problems of food and clothing. Cattle farming, feeding pigs for the New Year, is a typical self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy and society.
France began to produce agricultural machinery in the 1860s. By the 1930s, it had the production capacity of agricultural machinery such as internal combustion engines, tractors, balers, and threshers. However, due to factors such as the scale of agricultural production, the use of agricultural machinery Not universal. By 1943, the number of tractors in the country was less than 30,000, and the 1,000 hectares of arable land was less than one tractor, and the mechanization level was very low.
Second, the premise of agricultural modernization Fully realize agricultural mechanization. After the Second World War, the French government placed the modernization of agricultural equipment in an extremely prominent position. In the early post-war period, France’s domestic production funds were extremely scarce. The French government abandoned the concept of “no domestic debt and no external debt”, boldly borrowed from abroad, and spared no debts. It used long-term low-interest loans with price subsidies and state guarantees. The first way is to get the agricultural mechanization first. On the one hand, farmers can buy agricultural machinery and enjoy price subsidies. In the 1950s, it was stipulated that the purchase of new agricultural machinery and equipment at a discount of 15% of the original price, the purchase of agricultural machinery parts can be reduced by 20%, the difference is replenished by the state. In the 1960s, the farmer was required to purchase tractors. The government could give 20%-30% of the investment subsidy. In addition, 10%-20% of the rural infrastructure projects such as water conservancy projects, roads, electrification projects and land remediation projects were built. State grant. According to statistics, from July 1st, 1948 to December 31st, 1952, the amount of agricultural engineering subsidies issued by the French government amounted to 509.1 billion francs. In another way, the government guarantees that the bank provides long-term, low-interest loans. In the 1960s, the interest on bank commercial loans was generally 7-8%, and the interest on loans for purchasing agricultural machinery could be reduced to 3-4%. The loan period was More than 5 years. The loan amount accounts for more than half of the self-raised funds. From July 1, 1948 to December 31, 1952, the modernization and equipment funds issued through agricultural lending banks amounted to 123.39 billion francs. According to the needs of farmers, agricultural loans have increased year by year. Compared with 1960, the amount of agricultural loans issued by the state has increased seven-fold. The agricultural internal combustion engines and fuels are all tax-free, and agricultural electricity is far cheaper than the industry. In order to ensure the quality and convenient use of agricultural machinery, the government issued “holding warrants”, designated specialized enterprises, and established sales service outlets in various places. No matter which manufacturer's product is in the year, its parts can be purchased anywhere. The French "Agricultural Machinery Law" stipulates that after the agricultural machinery products are discontinued for 10 years, the supply of spare parts must be guaranteed. Agricultural machinery is inexpensive, and after-sales service is guaranteed, which is very popular among farmers. By 1970, the number of tractors in each farm had reached 1.7 million, and there were almost one tractor on 10 hectares of arable land, which could fully meet the needs of farming and other work projects. The number of combine harvesters has increased to 100,000 units, and other agricultural machinery such as plant protection and drainage have also become popular. In 2003, the total sales of agricultural machinery in France reached 3.62 billion euros, of which 36,000 tractors were sold, with an average power of more than 115 horsepower per unit. The tractor sales accounted for 30% of the total sales of agricultural machinery. Others were harvesting, animal husbandry and other machinery.
In order to reduce the cost of farmers using agricultural machinery, improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery. France encourages the establishment of cooperatives that use agricultural machinery together. The French abbreviation for this cooperative is “CUMA”, which is transliterated as “Juma”. In the early stage of post-war agricultural mechanization and modernization, farmers relied mainly on animal power and manual labor, and the purchasing power level was still relatively low. In order to solve the financial difficulties of purchasing expensive agricultural machinery and equipment, farmers spontaneously organized a special cooperative “Guima” that collectively purchases and uses agricultural machinery together. According to the statistics of 1983, there are more than 10,000 “Juma” in all parts of the country, with 250,000 farmers, the scale is generally 300-500 hectares, accounting for 20% of the farmers, and the machine use fee can be reduced by 30-40%. . The French government is very supportive of this kind of cooperation organization. "Juma" can enjoy all the benefits of taxation and can also get concessional loans. At the time of its establishment, “Juma” can obtain a subsidy of about 15% of the initial investment. In mountainous areas and difficult areas, this subsidy can be increased to 40-50%. When purchasing new equipment, according to local conditions, The horse can get 20-40% support. In addition, the funds and equipment investment of “Juma” are mainly funded by the Agricultural Bank, and the loan interest rates vary greatly depending on the region. In addition, there are agricultural credit cooperatives and supply and sales cooperatives in rural France. Cooperatives are divided according to industry. Farmers can join several cooperatives at the same time according to their business conditions. The two parties sign contracts each year. Farmers only need to make good farm work, and the rest are handed over to the cooperative. At the end of the year, the risk fund and the development reserve are deducted, and the rest are distributed to the members according to the amount of the company's funds and the amount of agricultural products purchased. In the event of a loss, the member shall also bear the risk according to the corresponding share. Agricultural cooperatives occupy the vast majority of the agricultural product market, production materials and feed are basically supplied by supply and marketing cooperatives, and more than 90% of the loan business is provided by credit cooperatives.
Third, the guarantee of agricultural mechanization and modernization The land is relatively concentrated and industrialized. The first prominent contradiction in the process of mechanization and modernization of French agriculture is that there are fewer people. According to relevant information, in 1950, France had an agricultural population of 9.9 million and a labor force of 6.5 million. Each agricultural labor force was responsible for 3 hectares of cultivated land. In the mid-1950s, the government introduced a series of measures to promote land concentration and promote scale operations. Specific measures: First, "minus". In order to transfer surplus labor, the government raises farmers over the age of 55 and distributes “life-long subsidies for farmers” at one time; encourages young people in rural areas to leave their homes and work in cities; other young and middle-aged laborers, the government pays for classes. First, training, then farming. The second is "plus". The government stipulates that there is only one legal inheritor of the farmer to prevent further decentralization of the land; at the same time, tax incentives are introduced to encourage father-son farms and brother farms to jointly operate land and people; and the farmers’ spontaneous land consolidation and tax reductions will keep the farms expand. The third is "integration." Governments at all levels have set up land remediation companies, which have the right to purchase land, concentrate the purchase of flower-filled land and low-yield fields, and renovate them into standard farms and sell them at low prices to farmers who have medium-sized farms with operational capacity. Due to the above measures, the scale of farms in France has been expanding. In the 1950s, there were 1.27 million small farms under 10 hectares in France, 530,000 after 20 years, and more than 40,000 farms over 50 hectares. The agricultural labor force has been reduced from more than 2 million to less than 300,000. The proportion of agricultural population in the total population has been reduced from 40% to around 10%. By 2003, the proportion of agricultural population in the total population had been reduced to 2.2%, and farmers per capita possessed more than 10 hectares of cultivated land.
Another prominent contradiction in the process of agricultural mechanization and modernization in France is that there are many projects operated by farmers in one household, the varieties of cultivation are complex, and the degree of specialization and commercialization is not high. Like the traditional small-scale peasant economy, the French peasants before the Second World War were small and full, self-sufficient, and they had to grow vegetables and grow vegetables on the limited land, but also to grow fruits and vegetables, and to raise pigs in the fence. . As a result of this operation, first, the farm work is too complicated, the degree of specialization is not high, and it is difficult to improve the technical level. Second, the variety is large and the quantity is small, the degree of commercialization is not high, and it is difficult to effectively occupy the market. The third is the arrangement of flower arrangement, the degree of mechanization is not High, it is difficult to increase labor productivity. After the Second World War, with the gradual advancement of "agricultural equipment modernization and scale", the government took the opportunity to start a "professional" article. The agricultural specialization in France can be summarized into three types: regional specialization, farm specialization and job specialization. In terms of regional specialization, according to natural conditions, historical habits and technical level, different crops and livestock production are rationally distributed. The country is divided into 22 agricultural regions and 470 agricultural communities to form specialized commercial production areas. The fertile area of the Paris Basin is dominated by high-quality wheat, which accounts for one-third of the country's wheat production. The western Brittany mountainous region is rich in grassland resources and focuses on animal husbandry. The base provides 40% of the country's pork production. 30% of livestock meat, 32% of beef, and 20% of eggs; the southern Mediterranean region has a traditional advantage to expand grape growing; in the north is a potato producing area, and its potato production accounts for 50% of the country's total production. In terms of farm specialization, it can be roughly divided into livestock farms, grain farms, grape farms, fruit farms, vegetable farms, etc. according to the business content. Professional farms generally operate a product. Job specialization refers to all the work done in the past by a farm, such as farming, field management, harvest transportation, storage, marketing, etc., all undertaken by enterprises outside the farm, which transforms the farm from the original self-sufficient production to commercialization. produce.
French friends told us that France basically realized agricultural mechanization in 1970 and modernized in the 1980s. However, agricultural modernization is a dynamic process. The agricultural modernization in France continues. Now it has entered a new stage of “reasonable development”. The state is encouraging farmers to find and practice new agricultural development models that are conducive to environmental protection and sustainable development. . Recently, the criteria for rational agriculture in the next 10 years have been proposed. The so-called rational agriculture is to continuously improve the quality of agricultural products under the premise of ensuring the income of farmers, pay attention to the protection of biological diversity, and pay attention to the harmonious development of agriculture and nature. It is considered to be the most reliable form of sustainable agricultural development.
The current situation of agricultural and rural areas in Wuhan has many similarities with the agriculture before and after the end of World War II in France. Like the whole country, Wuhan has entered a well-off society as a whole, and is in the stage of industrialization. It has a certain industrial base, technical foundation and economic foundation. However, compared with France, the agricultural population is more, the per capita arable land is less, the vast rural infrastructure is worse, and the level of agricultural mechanization, specialization and commercialization is lower. At the same time, the rural areas of Wuhan are the geographical features of “half-and-a-half-land”, and the natural climate is also at a different latitude from France. The harvesting season of crops is also different. Wuhan City generally makes two or three harvests for the year. There are great differences in the development of agricultural mechanization. However, France's creative development of agricultural mechanization methods, such as the establishment of agricultural machinery cooperatives and agricultural machinery leasing companies, is suitable for us. The French government's policy of encouraging the development of agricultural mechanization and encouraging the construction of rural machine-farming roads is suitable for us to learn and learn from. At present, the party and the state attach great importance to the work of agricultural agricultural machinery, and have clearly proposed to raise the level of agricultural mechanization. In June this year, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization was promulgated. We should use this east wind to learn from the experience of Western agriculture and other countries in the development of national agricultural mechanization and modernization, and formulate practical and feasible policies and measures to comprehensively promote agricultural mechanization. As the leader, with appropriate scale operation and specialized production as the two wings, in accordance with the principles of adapting to local conditions, economic efficiency, ensuring safety and protecting the environment, and making full use of the latest civilization achievements of mankind to arm agriculture and armed farmers, Wuhan can be realized in the shortest time. The agricultural mechanization of the city, the construction of agricultural modernization, and the construction of the vast rural areas into a strong, civilized and democratic new socialist countryside synchronized with the city.
Seven Laws and Three Heads • Brigade in Europe
On October 14, I rateed the Wuhan Agricultural Machinery Delegation and conducted a nearly half-month visit to the agricultural mechanization of the eight Western European countries. I was deeply touched.
It’s really pleasant to know when it’s good, and I’m going to go abroad.
Driving the iron ride to drink "Han Shui" 1, the evening by the silver Yan "white clouds." 1
The landline invites friends to talk about the mission, and the day-to-day friends bring laughter.
The cup of the hand is not cold, and the foot is already exotic.
Since ancient times, human beings have come out of space, and civilization has inherited the same Kyushu.
Looking at the history of the Chinese and Western farmers, Wubang once had a sage.
The success of the road is divided into successive successors.
Locked in the closed domain, a few mistakes in the country, the well frog An Zhitian nine heavy?
In the meantime, Wanli visited the foreign countries, so the land and farmer's feelings are in the stomach.
One billion people live with 800 million crops, and they are busy with their work.
It is also said that there are farming things in the West, and it is difficult to distinguish between urban and rural areas.
Return to the "promotion of the volume" 3, and write a good "text" of China.
Note: 1 Hanshui: refers to Wuhan; Baiyun: refers to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.
2 power: the person in power.
3 Promotion Volume: Refers to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Agricultural Mechanization Promotion
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