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Report on the exchange of agricultural machinery technology and cooperation in the Philippines


Report on the exchange of agricultural machinery technology and cooperation in the Philippines
In order to implement the agricultural cooperation agreement between Minister Chen Yaobang and the Philippines, the Ministry of Agriculture and Mechanization Management organized a delegation of agricultural machinery entrepreneurs to visit the Philippines from August 28 to September 11, 1999, and conducted a comprehensive investigation on the technical cooperation of agricultural machinery. . The delegation was organized by the Ministry of Agricultural Mechanization Management of China Changchai Group and its affiliated Dongfeng Agricultural Machinery Group Corporation, Changlin Machinery Group, Sifang Group, Hubei Jiahua Machinery Company, Hunan Shuyang Rice transplanting machine factory, Liaoning Haicheng Sanyu Pump Industry Co., Ltd. The company, Guoneng Group, Shanxi Datong Gear Factory and other representatives of 8 agricultural machinery manufacturing companies consist of 16 people. During the Philippine period, through the talks and communication with the Philippine Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Trade and Industry Investment, the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the field research was conducted on experimental research and teaching institutions, and the key agricultural areas and agricultural machinery production were visited. Enterprises, get a big gain. The on-site demonstrations of the 8 sets of 14 agricultural machinery and equipment brought with the group and presented to the Philippine Department of Agriculture were also warmly welcomed and highly praised by the Philippine government and relevant department officials, agricultural machinery sellers and local farmers.
The visit was strongly supported by the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Philippines and the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office. It provided opportunities for entrepreneurs to seek technical and economic cooperation and conduct business activities of agricultural machinery products in the Philippines. This made the successful visit a good result.
I. Basic information on agricultural machinery manufacturing, sales services and mechanization of agricultural production in the Philippines. The Republic of the Philippines consists of 7,109 islands with a total area of ​​299,700 square kilometers, of which 11 major islands such as Luzon, Mindanao and Sama account for 96% of the total area, and mountains account for 65% of the total area. 40% of the total land area. The Philippine is a tropical maritime climate with an average annual temperature of 26.6 °C, a rainy season from May to October, a dry season from November to April, and more typhoons from June to November every year. There are 74.5 million people in the country, of which 2% to 3% are Chinese. The economy is dominated by agriculture, and the agricultural population accounts for more than two-thirds. The industry is mainly based on the processing of agricultural and forest products, and basically no heavy industry. In the late 1960s, an open policy was implemented and the economy was greatly developed. In 1998, the output value of the three major economic sectors of the Philippine agriculture, industry and service industries in the GNP were 18.5%, 33.8%, and 43.1%, respectively.
Among the 12.61 million hectares of agricultural land in the Philippines, there are more than 3.8 million hectares of paddy fields, 3.14 million hectares of dry land, and 3.07 million hectares of land for economic crops. The paddy fields are mainly concentrated in the Central Luzon and Visaya areas. The rice yield of irrigated rice fields is about 4,000 kg per hectare, and the yield of paddy fields without irrigation is less. The dry fields are mainly concentrated in the Mindanao area, mainly planting corn and other crops. The average yield per corn is only 1520 kg per hectare. The economic crops in the Philippines mainly include tropical fruits such as coconut, sugar cane, pineapple and mango, and cocoa and coffee. The existing cultivated land in the Philippines is generally in both government and private ownership. Government land can be leased to farmers, rural cooperatives or companies, but companies or cooperatives can only rent up to 120 hectares of land. Private land is self-cultivated and leased and can be rented to tenants. The average number of Filipino households is 6-7, and each farmer can have up to 7 hectares of unirrigated land or 5 hectares of irrigable land. At present, the level of agricultural mechanization in the Philippines is very low, with an average of only 0.36 horsepower per hectare.
Overview of the manufacture and use of agricultural machinery in the Philippines. There are more than 400 agricultural machinery production plants in the Philippines, but there are only more than 30 certain scales. The agricultural machinery produced mainly includes small tractors, threshers, dryers, etc. The other 300 are small workshops, and the output value only accounts for 2% of the total. This is not commensurate with the Philippine agricultural country with 30 million agricultural labor. Their main agricultural products are very simple, usually provided by the International Rice Research Institute or by the government, and then modified by the manufacturer according to local conditions and requirements, making it easy to produce, use and repair.
In general, their agricultural machinery production technology is relatively backward. They can only produce simple rice thresher and paddy field tractors. The machine has simple structure, single function and low technical content. Its diesel and gasoline engines are mainly products of Japan YAMAHA, YANMAR or Korea Dadong International Co., Ltd., and the engine value ratio is about two-thirds in the whole machine price. Because of the lack of gear processing capability, the various agricultural machines produced by the company use chain or belt for shifting and power transmission. The manufacturing equipment still uses 630 lathes similar to those that have been basically eliminated in China. Ordinary radial drilling machines, manual electric welding machines, simple punching machines, shearing machines, etc., basically have no running water, and still pack the components for the component assembly, so the performance quality is difficult to achieve. Uniform standards. However, they pay more attention to the appearance quality of the whole machine before leaving the factory. The grinding and painting are completely modified by manual. KATO International, located in Manila, is one of the largest agricultural machinery manufacturing plants in the Philippines. Its parts are processed into simple flow operations, but there is no assembly line, so the parts of the workshop are piled up and the management is chaotic. Most of the manufacturing equipment and simple testing instruments are obsolete products from Japan and the United States. The processing and testing accuracy is poor, and the quality is difficult to guarantee.
The agricultural machinery that Philippine farmers need includes hand-held tractors, threshers, dryers, irrigation pumps, etc. Generally, the horsepower is not large, such as walking tractors with 8 to 12 horsepower. At present, the Philippines also has a small number of large wheeled tractors, mainly used for sugar cane production. Grain dryers used by farmers are mainly imported from South Korea and Taiwan. Mindanao in the southern part of the Philippines mainly produces corn and other crops, so there is a demand for corn harvesting machinery. The Philippine Rice Research Institute has personally tested the only single-row corn harvester prototype that has been driven, and has not yet formed a product. However, the Philippines has almost no production capacity for agricultural power and more sophisticated agricultural machinery components. Therefore, agricultural machinery products that are more complicated and have higher operational accuracy are basically dependent on imports. At present, they are mainly products from South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, but their prices are high. For example, an 8-horsepower diesel engine pump sells for US$500, while the domestic price of similar products in China is only 2,750-3,000 yuan. In the province of ILOILO, it sells locally-produced walking tractors worth 60,000 pesos, of which about 10 horsepower. The engine is worth nearly 40,000 pesos. Therefore, if we are doing a good job in spare parts supply and after-sales technical services in agricultural machinery and trade activities, and make up for the relative lack of quality of our products, it is entirely possible to occupy a larger market.
The Philippine government's policies and measures for developing agriculture and promoting mechanization of agriculture and fisheries. The Philippine government encourages farmers to produce and use agricultural machinery, but the government does not have any preferential treatment for the production of agricultural machinery. The only concession in the previous period was the import tariffs on engines and parts, which were reduced from the previous 20%. 3%, the tariff on the whole machine import is 10%. Recently, the policy has been adjusted, that is, the import tariff on imported agricultural machinery products is reduced to 3%, while the tariff on imported parts and components is adjusted to 10%. The purpose is to protect and develop the domestic agricultural machinery parts manufacturing enterprises. Agricultural machinery products produced or imported are generally sold directly to farmers through distributors. Where farmers are unable to purchase agricultural machinery due to financial restrictions, they are generally leased to farmers for use, and rents are refunded after 2 to 3 years. The business of leasing agricultural machinery has gradually emerged in the rural areas of the Philippines.
At present, the Philippine government is paying attention to the implementation of the “Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Law” newly promulgated in 1997. At the same time, it has also formulated the “Financial Long-term Plan for Mechanization of Agriculture and Fisheries in the Philippines” from 1998 to 2004. The purpose of this is: 1. Create a positive and favorable environment, improve rural mechanized auxiliary services and facilities, improve energy efficiency to promote the level of mechanization of agriculture and fisheries; 2. Improve the ability and competitiveness of local manufacturers to produce and sell agricultural machinery and equipment, and achieve International quality standards; 3. Increase the income of farmers and fishermen by improving and optimizing the efficiency of agricultural inputs and reducing production and post-harvest losses. Through the implementation of the law, the level of rural mechanization has increased from the current 0.36 horsepower per hectare to 1 horsepower per hectare.
II. The work of the delegation during the Philippine period and the activities during the Philippine period. First, the delegation visited the comrades of the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Chinese Embassy in the Philippines on the second day after arriving at Manila on the 28th at midnight to make an inspection. The heads of the various enterprises of the group have a systematic understanding of the social and economic development of the Philippines and the government's willingness to cooperate in agricultural machinery technology.
From August 30th to September 1st, all members of the delegation, accompanied by the Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy in the Philippines, met with officials from the Philippine Department of Agriculture and the Investment Department of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. They were warmly received and the supervisors introduced the delegation to the delegation. The Philippine government's production and sales of agricultural machinery, encourage foreign investors to come to the Philippines to carry out joint ventures or sole proprietorship processing and production of relevant policies and regulations, to explain to Chinese entrepreneurs the objectives and reasons for the adjustment of import tariff rates for agricultural machinery and other products. During this period, I also met with the Feifei Machinery Production and Sales Association, the Filipino Chamber of Commerce and the Philippines Chamber of Commerce, and had extensive discussions on the production, sales, use and maintenance services of the Philippine agricultural machinery. I visited KATO International, one of the largest agricultural machinery manufacturers in the Philippines, and learned about the basic conditions of agricultural machinery production technology and manufacturing process. At the International Rice Research Institute, the Agricultural Engineering and Technology University and the Agricultural Machinery Inspection and Evaluation Center, the delegation also learned about the application of the Finnong Machinery Technology Research and Agricultural Machinery Product Performance Quality Test Procedures and related standards. On September 2, the delegation also visited the Subic Export Processing Zone and heard a briefing by the officials of the Subic District Management Committee on the development of the processing zone.
From September 3 to 5, in addition to the three technicians left in the group to prepare for the demonstration of the machine, the other members of the delegation went to the main rice producing area ILOILO province. In the city of ILOILO, I met with the main officials of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and watched the local rice production conditions and the status of agricultural machinery use in the rice growing areas. The local government organized a symposium at the West Savia Agricultural Research Center affiliated to the Philippine Institute of Engineering and Technology. Local agricultural machinery manufacturers, distributors and some agricultural machinery users discussed and exchanged ideas with my entrepreneurs. After the situation of various enterprises, they also seriously inquired about the performance and price of agricultural machinery production, after-sales service and products of our company. We hope that the performance quality of China's agricultural machinery products is as good as that of Japan, and the price is lower than that of Japan. Accompanied by local officials, the delegation also visited four agricultural machinery manufacturing and sales companies, and inspected the production, sales and production equipment and processes of their threshers and walking tractors.
From September 6th to 7th, the delegation went to the Philippine Rice Research Institute and met with the Mayor of MUNOZ and the officials of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time as the post-harvest research and promotion agency affiliated to the Ministry of Agriculture, the delegation dispatched a group of people, assisted by the comrades of the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Embassy, ​​and specially conducted the debugging of the demonstration equipment at the machine test site for 8 days. The gift ceremonies and machine demonstration activities were carefully prepared.
On the morning of September 8, a ceremony for the donation of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Agriculture to the Philippine Department of Agriculture was held in the Philippine Rice Institute. After the gift-giving ceremony, a demonstration of the on-site operation of hand-held tractors, small diesel engines, water pumps, rice threshers, paddy tillers, corn peelers and other agricultural implements was carried out. Philippine Minister of Agriculture Ankara, Senator Xu Erqi, Ruishui Xishui Governor He Shun, Philippine Rice Research Institute Director, Ou, Huashang Union and more than 400 guests attended the ceremony and visited the machine. Demonstration. The demonstration atmosphere was friendly and pragmatic, and the visitors expressed great interest in the demonstration equipment. When the Philippine Agriculture Minister watched the demonstration of the Sifang Group's walking tractor, he was happy to say that he would also buy one. The representative of the director of the Philippine Rice Research Institute expressed his gratitude to the Chinese delegation and expressed satisfaction with the results of the operation of the machine. The Chinese Agricultural Machinery Entrepreneur Mission’s gift-giving ceremony and machine-based live demonstrations at the Philippine Rice Institute were reported by the Philippine-related news media.

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