Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou urban agriculture inspection report
Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou Urban Agriculture Investigation Report Longgang District Urban Agriculture Research Group
The Third Party Congress and relevant district conferences proposed that the district should develop “three high” agriculture and establish an urban agricultural base, so that agriculture plays an important role in the economic development of our district. In order to learn from the successful experiences of other big cities in the development of urban agriculture and promote the development of urban agriculture in our district, from June 7th to 14th, our district was led by the deputy head of Cao Jianliang, and organized the agricultural bureau of each district and the towns in charge of agriculture. Leaders and some agricultural enterprise managers and 22 people went to Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou and other places to inspect and study the development of local agriculture, especially urban agriculture. The delegation held a discussion with the heads of the Beijing Municipal Agriculture Commission, the Shanghai Municipal Agriculture Commission and relevant departments, and listened to the experience of developing urban agriculture in various places, focusing on Shanghai Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone, Suzhou Future Agriculture and Forestry World, and Beijing Jinxiu. A typical field study of 8 modern urban agricultures such as Dadi and Beijing Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park was conducted. The entire study tour was compact and rich in content, and the comrades agreed that there was a lot of gains and great inspiration.
I. Characteristics and Experiences of Urban Agriculture Development in Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou are developed cities in China. They are China's political, financial, commercial, and industrial centers, and economic and social development are at the forefront of the country. During this visit, we strongly felt that these developed cities attach importance to agricultural development. In particular, in recent years, they have adapted to the international and domestic trends, and they have been committed to the development of urban agriculture, and have achieved remarkable results. Economic development has an increasingly important position. Their advanced experience is worth learning and learning from.
Grasping opportunities, scientific planning, and high starting point for development
Urban agriculture is an inevitable trend of agricultural development in urbanized areas. Beijing, Shanghai and other places have carefully analyzed how urban agriculture is consistent with the country's industrial policies and markets. Based on their own advantages, they took the lead in demonstrating, conceiving and constructing urban agricultural demonstration zones, high starting point planning, high standard construction, and promoting the transformation of suburban agriculture to urban agriculture.
1. Analyze the situation and grasp the opportunity. The higher the level of urbanization, the greater the advantage of developing urban agriculture. Suzhou is one of the fastest-growing cities in China. The rural modernization in the region has always been a model for the whole country and has a strong radiation effect on the Chinese mainland. The Yangtze River Delta region where Suzhou is located is the region with the strongest economic development in China today. Although the regional area accounts for 1% of the country, it has a population of 10% and creates a GDP of 22%. The Yangtze River Delta is a region with a high level of urbanization. There are 120 million inhabitants and the urban population has reached 0.5 billion. In 1997, more than 90% of the farmers earned more than 10,000 yuan a year. The agricultural and tourism markets have great potential. The Singapore Weixin Group, the developer of the future agriculture and forestry world in Suzhou, is looking at the huge market potential. It proposed to develop the agricultural sector in China in early 1995, and completed the project planning and first-phase construction work in 1997. This was established in 1998 with the Chinese government. Cross-world agriculture and rural modernization development goals coincide.
2, careful site selection, scientific planning Take Suzhou as an example:
Suzhou Future Agriculture and Forestry World is located on the shore of Taihu Lake in the western suburbs of Suzhou, the most economically active Yangtze River Delta economic belt center in China. After repeated arguments with agricultural colleges and universities, the theme of this is to bring together modern rural technology and showcase the future of natural pastoralism. Entering the future of agriculture and forestry, you can enjoy the beauty of Taihu Lake, and you can feel the hot development of Pudong Development Zone, Singapore Industrial Park and Shanghai-Nanjing City. The large-scale world planning area is 3,000 mu. Currently, it has been developed for the first time. It covers an area of 800 mu. It is a modern agricultural science and technology garden integrating ecological landscape and agricultural high-tech display, and has become an important agricultural science and technology sightseeing and exchange in East China. And one of the exhibition bases. The project takes agriculture and forestry science and technology as the core, through the introduction of first-class projects, explores the agricultural production and development model suitable for China's national conditions, and promotes the process of agriculture and rural modernization. Many people of insight participate in agriculture and forestry investment, market research, project operation, technology development, production management, etc. They form the knowledge and information platform of the future agriculture and forestry world, and provide effective support for farmers and farmers in the park to expand the market. In the future, the leading and advanced science and forestry world projects, scientific planning and high starting point development have produced huge model effects and created an image. Millions of tourists come here every year to become Chinese agricultural and forestry workers, government officials at all levels. The hot spot of study and study.
The government takes the lead, the market operates, and the investment is big. Regardless of Beijing, Shanghai or Suzhou, local governments have developed urban agriculture as the basic direction for future development. They fully utilize the role of the government's visible hand and the invisible hand of the market, run agricultural demonstration zones, take the lead, guide and support in industrial development, and promote the transformation of suburban agriculture to urban agriculture.
1. The government attaches great importance to the policy. The policy supports the Beijing Changping District Government to establish the Administrative Committee of Beijing Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Zone with the deputy head of the district, Feng Weili as the director. It is responsible for drafting the overall development plan of the demonstration park and the project of the entrance project. Approve and approve, and provide management, coordination and service work for key projects. Formulate the "Policy on Accelerating the Development of Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park and Agricultural High-tech Industry" to encourage and support high-quality agriculture, seed agriculture, foreign exchange agriculture and processing for agricultural restructuring, industrial upgrading and farmers' prosperity. Development and construction of agricultural, ecological agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and other projects, and provide preferential policies and convenient services in land, financing guarantees, household registration, taxes, housing and other aspects. The Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park covers an area of 10 square kilometers. It has built Asia's largest factory-based, automated carp breeding farm, meat ostrich deep processing industrial base and national forest seedling production demonstration base.
2. Market operation, efficient opening
The urban agricultural demonstration sites in this study are basically in accordance with the requirements of the market economy law, realize market-oriented operation in the management mode, and achieve diversification, openness and high efficiency in the investment system. The main types of development models are as follows: Park, business management. For example, the Xiaotangshan Demonstration Park, the district/town secondary government funds the land to carry out the basic construction and planning functional areas of the park. The enterprises entering the park can obtain the land use right by way of leasing. The lease life can be 30-50 years according to the needs of different industries. The land in the district is leased by the Xiaotangshan Town Government and then leased to the enterprises, and the district government issues collective land use certificates. The second is to form a joint-stock enterprise. For example, Beijing Jinxiu Dadi Agricultural Co., Ltd. is a joint-stock enterprise established according to the modern enterprise system. It was formally established in February 1998. The main sponsors are 11 state-owned and collective enterprises including Beijing Dadi Science and Technology Industrial Corporation with a registered capital of 280 million yuan. The total investment is over RMB 500 million. The third is to introduce foreign capital. For example, the future registered capital of Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry World is 100 million yuan, and the local government takes 20% of the shares in the land. Singapore Weixin Group invested 72 million yuan, accounting for 72% of the shares. Due to the good market prospects, foreign investment has further increased.
Science and technology support, industrial development, and high degree of facilities. The demonstration areas and high positioning we have examined all reflect the fact that agriculture is the first to realize the modernization of the display business, the incubator for the transformation of modern high-tech achievements, and the modern agricultural demonstration center. As a company, it is not only an industrial project, but also an agricultural technology, information and trading platform.
1. Form an agricultural technology support system:
First, close cooperation and exchanges with research institutions. Such as Nanjing Agricultural University, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Shanghai Agricultural College and other famous colleges and universities, has been the first in the world of Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry; second, to strengthen science and technology development. For example, the technical goal of Beijing Jinxiu Earth is aimed at the Nasdaq system in the United States. The company has more than 200 professional and technical personnel, a postdoctoral mobile station, which applies modern science and technology to the field of agriculture and animal husbandry, and has formed biotechnology and information. Six technical support technologies, agricultural engineering, plant physiology, animal nutrition and agro-ecology; third, actively introduce domestic and foreign high-tech agriculture and forestry. For example, Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry World has introduced 61 international and domestic high-tech projects, among which mature industrialization is like: American Speedlling, which is known as the “Global Seedling Technology Pioneer”, and New Zealand Exceel, which is at the leading level in the world animal husbandry. Enterprises, Taiwan's agricultural planting, Dachang, Switzerland, well-known Belgian Vichi Mai company.
2. Form a high-tech agricultural industry project group.
The first is factory-based agriculture, which combines agricultural cultivation techniques and industrial facilities with standardized and technological management techniques. Through scale and intensive production to reduce costs and achieve considerable benefits. For example, Jinxiu Dadi Company designs and manufactures a highly automated modern vegetable production plant, using steel frame structure and advanced covering material PC board, equipped with hanging shading system, sunroof opening system, wet curtain and fan cooling system, temperature, humidity, The light and energy cycle are adjusted to the optimal environment for the growth of vegetables, so that the vegetables are not restricted by seasons and environment at a controlled scale, and they are quickly produced, planted daily in the vegetable factory, and harvested every day. Produce 8 to 100,000 kilograms of A-grade green vegetables without pollution, safety, high quality and nutrition for one mu of land per year. The benefit is 30-50 times that of common farmland. The “Beijing Ruide Squid Development Center” of Xiaotangshan Demonstration Park has a set of energy-saving, water-saving automatic fry and fish breeding equipment integrating biological, electronic and mechanical technologies. According to the cultivation process of squid, the equipment is divided into hatching system and three different specifications seed breeding system, with advanced facilities, which fills the gap of large-scale economic fish farming in China and becomes a leading enterprise in industrialization. The second is molecular agriculture, which combines biotechnology achievements with traditional agriculture, so that agriculture not only provides us with fresh products, but also provides health products. For example, Jinxiu Dadi Co., Ltd. cooperated with the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to establish an excellent edible fungus planting plant, which used large-scale factory production through space mutation breeding. At present, various kinds of space, such as fragrant ruthenium, monkey head ru The excellent edible fungi selected for mutagenesis are being continuously produced and put on the market. High investment brings high output and obvious economic benefits. In 1999, Beijing Jinxiu Dadi Company realized a profit of 41 million yuan and a dividend of 0.18 yuan per share. This year's situation operators expressed optimism.
In the study of expanding functions, sustainable development, and urban characteristics, we have seen a modern agricultural science and technology garden that integrates ecological landscape and agricultural high-tech display. Its pursuit of sustainable development is obvious, and it pursues economic benefits and society. The characteristics of harmonious and unified benefits and ecological benefits are obvious, and the urban characteristics such as ecology, sightseeing, leisure, experience and education are rich.
1. Tourism and agriculture.
The eight projects we have inspected have been designated by the local tourism department as the main tourist attractions, which are derived from the natural return of urban residents and the unique charm of modern agriculture. There are 50,000 square meters of leisure viewing area in Beijing Chaolai Agricultural Park. Baiguolin, lotus pond and ornamental pool make people open-minded; fishing, boating, and small car rides make people happy; quiet farmhouse, beautiful The idyllic scenery and the fresh air make people feel refreshed; shake the water, push the horse to grind, grow, pick and taste a variety of green vegetables, so that people can enjoy the harvest of the farmer. Since its establishment in 1997, the park has received 300,000 Chinese and foreign guests since the opening of the society, achieving a total economic income of over 10 million yuan. Splendid land to expand the tourism space, to the park sightseeing, not only can understand modern agriculture, unveil the mysterious veil of modern biotechnology, but also fully enjoy the urban pastoral scenery, experience the fun of returning to nature. It was opened to the public in April 1998. By December, it received a total of 120,000 tourists, with an average of more than 500 people per day. The relevant income is about 7 million yuan. It is expected to reach 10 million yuan this year, setting up the brand image of “Jinxiu Land”.
3. Guided by science and technology education, a youth education base will be established.
Whether in Suzhou, Shanghai, or Beijing, we all see a group of children and children lingering in the agricultural park. On June 1st, the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences held a “Green Home” activity, planting corn with corn, talking about corn, and opening the children’s biology class at the Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A 3,600-square-meter youth science and technology activity experimental park was built in Beijing Chaoyang Garden. Through the display of physical objects and specimens, young people can broaden their horizons, increase modern agricultural knowledge, understand the history of agricultural development, and highlight knowledge, inspiration, fun and appreciation. Young people have a strong educational significance. The park was also designated as a “patriotic cultural education base” by the Chaoyang District Committee and the district government.
Second, the idea of developing urban agriculture in Longgang
The agriculture in our district has gradually changed along with the process of industrialization and urbanization. The characteristics of urban agriculture have gradually formed from the aspects of industrial structure, production methods and landscape forms. In the future development, we must carefully learn from the successful experiences of urban agriculture development in other cities, and accelerate the development of various forms of urban agriculture according to local conditions.
It is necessary to recognize the new connotation of urban agriculture, enhance the awareness of modern agriculture, and form the atmosphere of developing urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is an economic phenomenon closely related to agriculture, urban economy, culture, science and technology in urbanized areas and surrounding areas. Agriculture, suburban agriculture, and has new features, functions and forms. Only by forming a new understanding of this and enhancing the new concept of modern agriculture can we increase the initiative to develop urban agriculture.
1. It is necessary to recognize that the development of urban agriculture is a necessity in urbanized areas.
On the one hand, with the increasing environmental problems brought about by the excessive expansion of cities and industries, people have a new understanding of agriculture, that urban areas must also have agricultural presence, and non-agricultural cities are incomplete cities; In terms of the city's more developed technology, capital, management and other factors, the development of urban agriculture has made it possible. Especially under the conditions of market economy, the free flow and integration of various production factors have provided new impetus for the development of urban agriculture. Agriculture can make full use of urban modern production factors and infrastructure, social service conditions to change the way agriculture is developed.
2. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is a higher-form agricultural economic phenomenon, characterized by urban-rural integration, and is one of the symbols of a local economic development and social civilization progress.
Urban agriculture originated from rural urbanization. It is not only a part of modern rural areas, but also an organic part of big cities. Its development has broken through the traditional urban and rural layout, blurring the urban-rural boundary, and extending the penetration of the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. The integration of agriculture and tourism has made the original peasants gradually enter the modern civilized life. Urban and rural residents can live in harmony in a beautiful environment and promote the historical process of harmony between man and nature and harmony between urban and rural areas.
3. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is an agriculture in which many functions are integrated with each other.
The function of urban agriculture must serve large cities and meet the needs of large markets, benefiting from production and services. The needs of the city and the citizens are multifaceted, and the functions of urban agriculture are determined to be diversified. It not only provides the market with famous, special, excellent, new agricultural and sideline products, but also provides a beautiful ecological environment, tourism and sightseeing places, cultural science education base, etc. It is an agricultural system with three functions of economy, society and ecology.
4. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is an agriculture that is capital-intensive, technology-intensive, and land-saving.
With the rise of urban rent in urban agriculture, under the influence of market law, urban agriculture has turned to capital, technology-intensive and land-saving development roads, and agricultural production methods have been highly enterpriseized, scaled, technological, and facilityized, and gradually realized production. The sales of one-stop, trade, industry and agriculture are integrated, and the operation effect is easy to achieve the characteristics of “three highs”.
5. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is highly market-oriented agriculture.
The production, processing, sales and realization of agricultural products, tourism and leisure functions are all based on the needs of the market. The realization of large circulation of agricultural products in the market and the increasing popularity of agricultural projects are the driving force and life of urban agriculture. . It is through the market network that the production and demand are closely linked together. The agricultural project also realizes its functions of tourism, sightseeing and leisure through the market. Therefore, urban agriculture is an industrialized, commercialized and market-oriented agriculture.
6. Recognize that urban agriculture has a diverse form.
This is consistent with its functional diversity. In addition to traditional open field cultivation and field agriculture, there are also various forms such as facility agriculture, landscape agriculture, agricultural parks, sightseeing farms, educational farms, agricultural science and technology parks, and agricultural ecological parks. These forms can be operated separately or in combination with each other. They are direct manifestations of the economic, social and ecological functions of urban agriculture and are the carriers of multiple functions of urban agriculture.
7. It is necessary to recognize the feasibility and favorable factors for the development of urban agriculture in our district.
Our district is an important agricultural base in Shenzhen. It has developed and convenient transportation conditions. In recent years, the agricultural production pattern based on animal husbandry, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and flowers has gradually formed around the market demand. The agricultural area of facilities has been increasing and industrialization. The level has been continuously improved, and the development of urban agriculture has favorable conditions such as a good market environment and landscape facilities.
Taking urban agriculture as an indispensable important industry in urbanized areas, do a good job of unified planning and guidance, and improve the starting point of urban agricultural development. The construction of urban agriculture in our district has just started. First, we must have an overall plan for urban agriculture. The plan should correctly analyze the current situation of agricultural production in our district, study the favorable conditions and constraints faced by urban agriculture development, focus on rural urbanization in our district, build the goal of Shenzhen back garden, strengthen the economic function of agriculture, and expand ecological functions and social functions. The plan should have an overall arrangement for the spatial layout and development of urban agriculture, and provide guidance on the industrial structure, landscape form, financing method, scientific and technological support, and management system of urban agriculture. There are several issues to be aware of when planning:
1. Consider urban agriculture in the overall development of urbanization.
Urban agriculture has become an important part of urbanization. It should be based on the requirements of the overall development of the city in our district, combined with the spatial layout of the city, with a network pattern of points, lines, rings and surfaces, with a high starting point, a new pattern, a multi-functional, and rich features. Regional positioning, morphological positioning, target positioning, scientific and rational planning of urban agriculture development. Through planning to strengthen the protection and management of urban ecological land, water source protection areas, agricultural protection land, vegetable bases, leisure tourism agricultural land and agricultural infrastructure, reduce the waste of agricultural resources caused by land development and requisition.
2. Based on the existing agricultural production facilities and conditions, according to the different characteristics of the agricultural development of each town, the division guidance.
In particular, we should pay attention to the protection of agricultural landscapes, highlight regional and rural characteristics, and enrich regional agricultural cultural connotations. According to the principle of favorable development and the status quo of agriculture in each town, plan the different development directions of each town and choose different key projects, leading industries and leading products. At the same time, we must plan according to the principle that the primary and secondary are different and orderly.
3. The plan should reflect the idea of enhancing economic functions and continuously expanding ecological functions and social functions.
The realization of urban agro-ecological functions and social functions should be combined with the realization of economic functions. Some need to rely on economic functions. Urban agriculture must seek development through the pursuit of functional perfection and improvement, so that the functions of agriculture can be organically unified.
4. Planning should combine the development of urban agriculture with the development of tourism.
According to the forecast of the target market, the service content and form of the agricultural project are selected separately. The sightseeing and leisure agriculture in our district generally accepts three types of customers. One is the short-term visit to the outside world, the second is the city's team, and the third is the city's residents, including residents of general income level and high-income residents. Different regions and different projects need different target markets. The visit rates of tourists from different cities and in different places are different. Planning should select different service objects according to the characteristics of different target markets and determine the corresponding projects.
Forming a multi-investment diversification and business-oriented urban agricultural operation mechanism, mobilizing various enthusiasm and enhancing the driving force of urban agriculture development
1. Improve the diversified investment system.
Urban agriculture is a capital-intensive industry that requires high capital investment. Urban agriculture not only reflects economic benefits, but also reflects social and ecological benefits. In addition to agricultural enterprises and farmers, agricultural beneficiaries also have government and society. Therefore, investment entities must also be diversified. It is necessary to uphold and improve the "four-round turn" agricultural investment system that has already been formed, and to achieve multi-channel, multi-modal, all-round, open-ended investment in urban agriculture. Within the agricultural sector, funds must be continuously accumulated, financial funds should be increased, and bank credit funds should actively support agricultural development. It is also necessary to increase the use of funds outside the region to encourage and guide foreign investment into various fields and links in urban agricultural development. At the same time, we must regulate the behavior of agricultural investment and financing entities, and government investment should strive to achieve the goal of maximizing social utility.
2. Explore various forms of urban agriculture construction and operation.
According to the scale of agricultural land in our district, the degree of agricultural enterprise, the status quo of facility agriculture, etc., there are several forms: First, the facility agricultural park. That is to say, a large-scale land development facility agriculture is planned, including soilless cultivated vegetables, greenhouse cultivation flowers, factory mushroom production, flower tissue cultivation workshop, ornamental animal breeding, and agricultural research, development and testing. In terms of industry type, it can be comprehensive or a single industry, but it is mainly based on facility production. The second is the high-tech agro-ecological park. It is a form of urban agriculture that combines the production of facilities with open field cultivation, the combination of farming and planting, and the combination of production and scientific research, but focuses on production functions. The third is holiday farms, sightseeing farms, forest parks, etc. Emphasis is placed on the appreciation of agricultural landscapes or the experience of agricultural production, and the return to natural pleasure. Including orchards, aquaculture areas, vegetable production bases, forests, etc. can be developed into such parks, either as a single industry or as a multi-industry complex. In terms of organizational form, these forms can be government-built--business-oriented, that is, the government completes planning and infrastructure construction, and then sets certain standards for entering the park. Enterprises invest in agricultural projects; Enterprise construction - business integration, that is, the park infrastructure construction and project management are all responsible for the enterprise, and the projects entering the park can be the introduction of multiple enterprises.
3. Focus on enterprise management, and all departments of the government should coordinate and serve.
The development of urban agriculture must be carried out in accordance with the laws of the market economy. The government's behavior in it can only be guidance, coordination and service. Even government investment should be included in the market-oriented operation management. Urban agriculture should also implement the industrialization of the company with the company as the main body, production-plus-sale-tourism integration, seed-culture-plus-body integration, trade-work-agriculture-services, and existing agricultural companies. It has cultivated a leading agricultural tourism company that continuously expands agriculture to tourism and tourism. It can also set up a new agricultural tourism company to take the lead in urban agriculture development. Of course, the government must also have a clear management service organization, do a good job in coordination, service, and management, and specialize in research, planning, and guiding the development of urban agriculture. It can be operated by the departments of agriculture, tourism, culture, industry and commerce.
Continuously optimize the structure of agricultural production, increase the agricultural area of facilities, and further enhance the economic function of urban agriculture
The development of urban agriculture in our district still needs to further enhance economic functions. We must continue to follow the principle of market-oriented and efficiency-oriented, based on existing agricultural and sideline products, and promote leading industries and advantageous products to realize industrialization of agriculture. Operating. Combine the development of facility agriculture with the development of open field cultivation, combine the optimal agricultural production structure with the improved variety quality structure, and accelerate the development of fine agriculture, seed agriculture, foreign exchange earning agriculture, food agriculture and so on.
The animal husbandry industry needs to form an intensive, enterprise-oriented and large-scale production system. It is necessary to adjust the structure of livestock and poultry breeding, compact small-scale farms with small scale and low yield, and inferior varieties with high cost and poor meat quality, give full play to the leading role of Kangdal in animal husbandry production, and actively develop large-scale and modernized Large-scale livestock and poultry enterprises and excellent new varieties of hybrid and grain-saving varieties will accelerate the process of improved seed production based on the current 50% improved seeding rate. Encourage the development of famous and efficient ecological breeding industries, develop cross-regional livestock and poultry industries, and form a breeding base for livestock and poultry. The aquaculture industry should continue to expand and form a factory-based and diversified farming model as soon as possible. Continue to develop a variety of farming models for pond raising, box raising, hanging and nursing. Play the leading role of the South Australian Sea Treasures Breeding Company, enhance the development and demonstration role of the District Fisheries Research Institute, introduce excellent new varieties and rare varieties, and optimize the variety structure. Expand the scale of factory-raised abalone and factory-based fish farming.
The fruit industry should focus on high-quality longan and lychee, and actively introduce new varieties of tropical fruits suitable for local cultivation. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific management of orchards, improve fruit quality, and increase yield and efficiency. Vegetable production should focus on accelerating the construction of 10,000 mu of pollution-free vegetable bases, establishing a pollution-free vegetable testing system, expanding the cultivation area of vegetable facilities, improving the grade and quality of vegetable varieties, and appropriately developing potted vegetables based on ornamentals.
The flower industry should gradually expand its scale, build several flower fields, and constantly adjust the variety structure to the market, focusing on the construction of facilities and flower fields, introducing and cultivating high-grade flowers, improving the level of the flower industry, and cultivating the flower industry into our district as soon as possible. A new growth point for agriculture.
The development of animal husbandry, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables, flowers and other industries must implement brand management. This is the only way for agricultural marketization. It is necessary to promote the brand through various forms, increase the popularity and market share, and create several famous brand products.
Accelerate the pace of tourism agriculture and ecological agriculture, and extend the ecological functions and social functions of urban agriculture. The development of urban agriculture in our region should pay more and more attention to the realization and development of ecological functions and social functions. The realization of ecological functions and social functions is specifically carried out in the form of sightseeing farms, forest parks, agricultural parks, citizen farms, educational farms, holiday farmhouses, and natural rest villages. These can be roughly divided into three categories, one is tourism-oriented agriculture dominated by ornamental agricultural landscapes, such as sightseeing farms, agricultural parks, forest parks, etc.; the other is experiential agriculture, which is mainly engaged in agricultural activities, such as citizen farms, Educational farms, agricultural picking festivals, etc.; there is also a type of leisure agriculture that is mainly for leisure and entertainment, such as holiday farmhouses and natural rest villages. The following basic ideas are used for the development of sightseeing, experience and leisure agriculture:
1. Improve supporting facilities.
On the basis of production facilities, farmland, parks, etc., according to the identified development goals, to improve supporting facilities, such as exhibition halls, video halls, conference rooms, catering halls, accommodation, sightseeing cars, entertainment rooms, signs, instructions brand.
2, the implementation of point - line beaded development.
Combine agricultural landscape construction with tourism, mountain greening, urban greening, garden construction, and marine yachts to expand the business field and extend the service chain. All towns should choose projects that are suitable for tourism, experience, and leisure agriculture development, and pay close attention to development and construction. For example, Sanlian Fruit Farm in Buji Town, Shiyashan Forest Park, Shenxianling Ecological Farm in Henggang Town, Gankeng Fruit Farm in Pinghu Town, Huilongpu Ostrich Farm in Longgang Town, Baxianling Forest Park, Wulian Village Ecological Park , the plum deer field in Pingdi Town, the Maji Mountain Nature Reserve in Pingshan Town, the Biling Ecological Village, the Jianfengling Forest Park in Kengzi Town, the Jinsha Agricultural High-Tech Park, the Tiantou Mountain Forest Park in Kwai Chung Town, and the New Sui Bao Abalone in Dapeng Town Farms, the Nanniang Mountain Reserve and the Coastal Aquaculture Base in Nan'ao Town. In the near future, we must focus on improving the sightseeing and leisure facilities of the Biling Ecological Village and the Jinsha Agricultural High-Tech Park; and accelerate the matching of the sightseeing facilities of the Nanao Coastal Aquaculture Base, Longgang Huilongpu Ostrich Farm, and Pingdi Meihua Deer Farm. The attraction of characteristic agriculture; intensified development and construction of the Henggang Shenxianling Ecological Farm; the construction of three forest parks, namely, Jingfeng Peak, Longgang Baxianling and Buji Shiyashan.
3. Develop a one-day tour of Longgang Agriculture.
Led by relevant companies, we will work with travel agencies to step up the development of Longgang Agricultural Day Tour. The project plans to visit the Huilongpu ostrich farm, Pingdi sika deer farm, Biling ecological village, Jinsha agricultural high-tech park, Nanao coastal breeding base and other agricultural tourism activities and sea yacht activities in a line, so that tourists can understand during sightseeing. The knowledge of poultry farming, vegetable greenhouses and aquaculture has also experienced the taste of seafood. The thrilling, compact, novel and interesting of flying boats will surely take the lead in agricultural tourism in Longgang. For other sightseeing, leisure, and experiential agricultural projects, we must step up and promote step by step under the overall planning guidance, so that the content of sightseeing, leisure, and experience agriculture will become more and more abundant and maintain regular appeal. It is also necessary to increase investment in science and technology, and try to solve the contradiction between the seasonal production of agricultural products and the tourism business throughout the year, so that each season has new varieties, and each landscape has a fresh feeling. Companies that operate agricultural tourism should establish close ties with travel agencies, continuously develop better tourist routes, expand publicity, and increase visitor arrival rates. As an agricultural project unit in the tourist route, it is necessary to receive necessary business training, set clear signs at the sightseeing spots, and provide thoughtful services in accordance with uniform requirements.
The Third Party Congress and relevant district conferences proposed that the district should develop “three high” agriculture and establish an urban agricultural base, so that agriculture plays an important role in the economic development of our district. In order to learn from the successful experiences of other big cities in the development of urban agriculture and promote the development of urban agriculture in our district, from June 7th to 14th, our district was led by the deputy head of Cao Jianliang, and organized the agricultural bureau of each district and the towns in charge of agriculture. Leaders and some agricultural enterprise managers and 22 people went to Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou and other places to inspect and study the development of local agriculture, especially urban agriculture. The delegation held a discussion with the heads of the Beijing Municipal Agriculture Commission, the Shanghai Municipal Agriculture Commission and relevant departments, and listened to the experience of developing urban agriculture in various places, focusing on Shanghai Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone, Suzhou Future Agriculture and Forestry World, and Beijing Jinxiu. A typical field study of 8 modern urban agricultures such as Dadi and Beijing Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park was conducted. The entire study tour was compact and rich in content, and the comrades agreed that there was a lot of gains and great inspiration.
I. Characteristics and Experiences of Urban Agriculture Development in Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou are developed cities in China. They are China's political, financial, commercial, and industrial centers, and economic and social development are at the forefront of the country. During this visit, we strongly felt that these developed cities attach importance to agricultural development. In particular, in recent years, they have adapted to the international and domestic trends, and they have been committed to the development of urban agriculture, and have achieved remarkable results. Economic development has an increasingly important position. Their advanced experience is worth learning and learning from.
Grasping opportunities, scientific planning, and high starting point for development
Urban agriculture is an inevitable trend of agricultural development in urbanized areas. Beijing, Shanghai and other places have carefully analyzed how urban agriculture is consistent with the country's industrial policies and markets. Based on their own advantages, they took the lead in demonstrating, conceiving and constructing urban agricultural demonstration zones, high starting point planning, high standard construction, and promoting the transformation of suburban agriculture to urban agriculture.
1. Analyze the situation and grasp the opportunity. The higher the level of urbanization, the greater the advantage of developing urban agriculture. Suzhou is one of the fastest-growing cities in China. The rural modernization in the region has always been a model for the whole country and has a strong radiation effect on the Chinese mainland. The Yangtze River Delta region where Suzhou is located is the region with the strongest economic development in China today. Although the regional area accounts for 1% of the country, it has a population of 10% and creates a GDP of 22%. The Yangtze River Delta is a region with a high level of urbanization. There are 120 million inhabitants and the urban population has reached 0.5 billion. In 1997, more than 90% of the farmers earned more than 10,000 yuan a year. The agricultural and tourism markets have great potential. The Singapore Weixin Group, the developer of the future agriculture and forestry world in Suzhou, is looking at the huge market potential. It proposed to develop the agricultural sector in China in early 1995, and completed the project planning and first-phase construction work in 1997. This was established in 1998 with the Chinese government. Cross-world agriculture and rural modernization development goals coincide.
2, careful site selection, scientific planning Take Suzhou as an example:
Suzhou Future Agriculture and Forestry World is located on the shore of Taihu Lake in the western suburbs of Suzhou, the most economically active Yangtze River Delta economic belt center in China. After repeated arguments with agricultural colleges and universities, the theme of this is to bring together modern rural technology and showcase the future of natural pastoralism. Entering the future of agriculture and forestry, you can enjoy the beauty of Taihu Lake, and you can feel the hot development of Pudong Development Zone, Singapore Industrial Park and Shanghai-Nanjing City. The large-scale world planning area is 3,000 mu. Currently, it has been developed for the first time. It covers an area of 800 mu. It is a modern agricultural science and technology garden integrating ecological landscape and agricultural high-tech display, and has become an important agricultural science and technology sightseeing and exchange in East China. And one of the exhibition bases. The project takes agriculture and forestry science and technology as the core, through the introduction of first-class projects, explores the agricultural production and development model suitable for China's national conditions, and promotes the process of agriculture and rural modernization. Many people of insight participate in agriculture and forestry investment, market research, project operation, technology development, production management, etc. They form the knowledge and information platform of the future agriculture and forestry world, and provide effective support for farmers and farmers in the park to expand the market. In the future, the leading and advanced science and forestry world projects, scientific planning and high starting point development have produced huge model effects and created an image. Millions of tourists come here every year to become Chinese agricultural and forestry workers, government officials at all levels. The hot spot of study and study.
The government takes the lead, the market operates, and the investment is big. Regardless of Beijing, Shanghai or Suzhou, local governments have developed urban agriculture as the basic direction for future development. They fully utilize the role of the government's visible hand and the invisible hand of the market, run agricultural demonstration zones, take the lead, guide and support in industrial development, and promote the transformation of suburban agriculture to urban agriculture.
1. The government attaches great importance to the policy. The policy supports the Beijing Changping District Government to establish the Administrative Committee of Beijing Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Zone with the deputy head of the district, Feng Weili as the director. It is responsible for drafting the overall development plan of the demonstration park and the project of the entrance project. Approve and approve, and provide management, coordination and service work for key projects. Formulate the "Policy on Accelerating the Development of Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park and Agricultural High-tech Industry" to encourage and support high-quality agriculture, seed agriculture, foreign exchange agriculture and processing for agricultural restructuring, industrial upgrading and farmers' prosperity. Development and construction of agricultural, ecological agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and other projects, and provide preferential policies and convenient services in land, financing guarantees, household registration, taxes, housing and other aspects. The Xiaotangshan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park covers an area of 10 square kilometers. It has built Asia's largest factory-based, automated carp breeding farm, meat ostrich deep processing industrial base and national forest seedling production demonstration base.
2. Market operation, efficient opening
The urban agricultural demonstration sites in this study are basically in accordance with the requirements of the market economy law, realize market-oriented operation in the management mode, and achieve diversification, openness and high efficiency in the investment system. The main types of development models are as follows: Park, business management. For example, the Xiaotangshan Demonstration Park, the district/town secondary government funds the land to carry out the basic construction and planning functional areas of the park. The enterprises entering the park can obtain the land use right by way of leasing. The lease life can be 30-50 years according to the needs of different industries. The land in the district is leased by the Xiaotangshan Town Government and then leased to the enterprises, and the district government issues collective land use certificates. The second is to form a joint-stock enterprise. For example, Beijing Jinxiu Dadi Agricultural Co., Ltd. is a joint-stock enterprise established according to the modern enterprise system. It was formally established in February 1998. The main sponsors are 11 state-owned and collective enterprises including Beijing Dadi Science and Technology Industrial Corporation with a registered capital of 280 million yuan. The total investment is over RMB 500 million. The third is to introduce foreign capital. For example, the future registered capital of Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry World is 100 million yuan, and the local government takes 20% of the shares in the land. Singapore Weixin Group invested 72 million yuan, accounting for 72% of the shares. Due to the good market prospects, foreign investment has further increased.
Science and technology support, industrial development, and high degree of facilities. The demonstration areas and high positioning we have examined all reflect the fact that agriculture is the first to realize the modernization of the display business, the incubator for the transformation of modern high-tech achievements, and the modern agricultural demonstration center. As a company, it is not only an industrial project, but also an agricultural technology, information and trading platform.
1. Form an agricultural technology support system:
First, close cooperation and exchanges with research institutions. Such as Nanjing Agricultural University, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Shanghai Agricultural College and other famous colleges and universities, has been the first in the world of Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry; second, to strengthen science and technology development. For example, the technical goal of Beijing Jinxiu Earth is aimed at the Nasdaq system in the United States. The company has more than 200 professional and technical personnel, a postdoctoral mobile station, which applies modern science and technology to the field of agriculture and animal husbandry, and has formed biotechnology and information. Six technical support technologies, agricultural engineering, plant physiology, animal nutrition and agro-ecology; third, actively introduce domestic and foreign high-tech agriculture and forestry. For example, Suzhou Agriculture and Forestry World has introduced 61 international and domestic high-tech projects, among which mature industrialization is like: American Speedlling, which is known as the “Global Seedling Technology Pioneer”, and New Zealand Exceel, which is at the leading level in the world animal husbandry. Enterprises, Taiwan's agricultural planting, Dachang, Switzerland, well-known Belgian Vichi Mai company.
2. Form a high-tech agricultural industry project group.
The first is factory-based agriculture, which combines agricultural cultivation techniques and industrial facilities with standardized and technological management techniques. Through scale and intensive production to reduce costs and achieve considerable benefits. For example, Jinxiu Dadi Company designs and manufactures a highly automated modern vegetable production plant, using steel frame structure and advanced covering material PC board, equipped with hanging shading system, sunroof opening system, wet curtain and fan cooling system, temperature, humidity, The light and energy cycle are adjusted to the optimal environment for the growth of vegetables, so that the vegetables are not restricted by seasons and environment at a controlled scale, and they are quickly produced, planted daily in the vegetable factory, and harvested every day. Produce 8 to 100,000 kilograms of A-grade green vegetables without pollution, safety, high quality and nutrition for one mu of land per year. The benefit is 30-50 times that of common farmland. The “Beijing Ruide Squid Development Center” of Xiaotangshan Demonstration Park has a set of energy-saving, water-saving automatic fry and fish breeding equipment integrating biological, electronic and mechanical technologies. According to the cultivation process of squid, the equipment is divided into hatching system and three different specifications seed breeding system, with advanced facilities, which fills the gap of large-scale economic fish farming in China and becomes a leading enterprise in industrialization. The second is molecular agriculture, which combines biotechnology achievements with traditional agriculture, so that agriculture not only provides us with fresh products, but also provides health products. For example, Jinxiu Dadi Co., Ltd. cooperated with the Institute of Genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to establish an excellent edible fungus planting plant, which used large-scale factory production through space mutation breeding. At present, various kinds of space, such as fragrant ruthenium, monkey head ru The excellent edible fungi selected for mutagenesis are being continuously produced and put on the market. High investment brings high output and obvious economic benefits. In 1999, Beijing Jinxiu Dadi Company realized a profit of 41 million yuan and a dividend of 0.18 yuan per share. This year's situation operators expressed optimism.
In the study of expanding functions, sustainable development, and urban characteristics, we have seen a modern agricultural science and technology garden that integrates ecological landscape and agricultural high-tech display. Its pursuit of sustainable development is obvious, and it pursues economic benefits and society. The characteristics of harmonious and unified benefits and ecological benefits are obvious, and the urban characteristics such as ecology, sightseeing, leisure, experience and education are rich.
1. Tourism and agriculture.
The eight projects we have inspected have been designated by the local tourism department as the main tourist attractions, which are derived from the natural return of urban residents and the unique charm of modern agriculture. There are 50,000 square meters of leisure viewing area in Beijing Chaolai Agricultural Park. Baiguolin, lotus pond and ornamental pool make people open-minded; fishing, boating, and small car rides make people happy; quiet farmhouse, beautiful The idyllic scenery and the fresh air make people feel refreshed; shake the water, push the horse to grind, grow, pick and taste a variety of green vegetables, so that people can enjoy the harvest of the farmer. Since its establishment in 1997, the park has received 300,000 Chinese and foreign guests since the opening of the society, achieving a total economic income of over 10 million yuan. Splendid land to expand the tourism space, to the park sightseeing, not only can understand modern agriculture, unveil the mysterious veil of modern biotechnology, but also fully enjoy the urban pastoral scenery, experience the fun of returning to nature. It was opened to the public in April 1998. By December, it received a total of 120,000 tourists, with an average of more than 500 people per day. The relevant income is about 7 million yuan. It is expected to reach 10 million yuan this year, setting up the brand image of “Jinxiu Land”.
3. Guided by science and technology education, a youth education base will be established.
Whether in Suzhou, Shanghai, or Beijing, we all see a group of children and children lingering in the agricultural park. On June 1st, the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences held a “Green Home” activity, planting corn with corn, talking about corn, and opening the children’s biology class at the Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A 3,600-square-meter youth science and technology activity experimental park was built in Beijing Chaoyang Garden. Through the display of physical objects and specimens, young people can broaden their horizons, increase modern agricultural knowledge, understand the history of agricultural development, and highlight knowledge, inspiration, fun and appreciation. Young people have a strong educational significance. The park was also designated as a “patriotic cultural education base” by the Chaoyang District Committee and the district government.
Second, the idea of developing urban agriculture in Longgang
The agriculture in our district has gradually changed along with the process of industrialization and urbanization. The characteristics of urban agriculture have gradually formed from the aspects of industrial structure, production methods and landscape forms. In the future development, we must carefully learn from the successful experiences of urban agriculture development in other cities, and accelerate the development of various forms of urban agriculture according to local conditions.
It is necessary to recognize the new connotation of urban agriculture, enhance the awareness of modern agriculture, and form the atmosphere of developing urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is an economic phenomenon closely related to agriculture, urban economy, culture, science and technology in urbanized areas and surrounding areas. Agriculture, suburban agriculture, and has new features, functions and forms. Only by forming a new understanding of this and enhancing the new concept of modern agriculture can we increase the initiative to develop urban agriculture.
1. It is necessary to recognize that the development of urban agriculture is a necessity in urbanized areas.
On the one hand, with the increasing environmental problems brought about by the excessive expansion of cities and industries, people have a new understanding of agriculture, that urban areas must also have agricultural presence, and non-agricultural cities are incomplete cities; In terms of the city's more developed technology, capital, management and other factors, the development of urban agriculture has made it possible. Especially under the conditions of market economy, the free flow and integration of various production factors have provided new impetus for the development of urban agriculture. Agriculture can make full use of urban modern production factors and infrastructure, social service conditions to change the way agriculture is developed.
2. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is a higher-form agricultural economic phenomenon, characterized by urban-rural integration, and is one of the symbols of a local economic development and social civilization progress.
Urban agriculture originated from rural urbanization. It is not only a part of modern rural areas, but also an organic part of big cities. Its development has broken through the traditional urban and rural layout, blurring the urban-rural boundary, and extending the penetration of the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. The integration of agriculture and tourism has made the original peasants gradually enter the modern civilized life. Urban and rural residents can live in harmony in a beautiful environment and promote the historical process of harmony between man and nature and harmony between urban and rural areas.
3. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is an agriculture in which many functions are integrated with each other.
The function of urban agriculture must serve large cities and meet the needs of large markets, benefiting from production and services. The needs of the city and the citizens are multifaceted, and the functions of urban agriculture are determined to be diversified. It not only provides the market with famous, special, excellent, new agricultural and sideline products, but also provides a beautiful ecological environment, tourism and sightseeing places, cultural science education base, etc. It is an agricultural system with three functions of economy, society and ecology.
4. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is an agriculture that is capital-intensive, technology-intensive, and land-saving.
With the rise of urban rent in urban agriculture, under the influence of market law, urban agriculture has turned to capital, technology-intensive and land-saving development roads, and agricultural production methods have been highly enterpriseized, scaled, technological, and facilityized, and gradually realized production. The sales of one-stop, trade, industry and agriculture are integrated, and the operation effect is easy to achieve the characteristics of “three highs”.
5. It is necessary to recognize that urban agriculture is highly market-oriented agriculture.
The production, processing, sales and realization of agricultural products, tourism and leisure functions are all based on the needs of the market. The realization of large circulation of agricultural products in the market and the increasing popularity of agricultural projects are the driving force and life of urban agriculture. . It is through the market network that the production and demand are closely linked together. The agricultural project also realizes its functions of tourism, sightseeing and leisure through the market. Therefore, urban agriculture is an industrialized, commercialized and market-oriented agriculture.
6. Recognize that urban agriculture has a diverse form.
This is consistent with its functional diversity. In addition to traditional open field cultivation and field agriculture, there are also various forms such as facility agriculture, landscape agriculture, agricultural parks, sightseeing farms, educational farms, agricultural science and technology parks, and agricultural ecological parks. These forms can be operated separately or in combination with each other. They are direct manifestations of the economic, social and ecological functions of urban agriculture and are the carriers of multiple functions of urban agriculture.
7. It is necessary to recognize the feasibility and favorable factors for the development of urban agriculture in our district.
Our district is an important agricultural base in Shenzhen. It has developed and convenient transportation conditions. In recent years, the agricultural production pattern based on animal husbandry, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and flowers has gradually formed around the market demand. The agricultural area of facilities has been increasing and industrialization. The level has been continuously improved, and the development of urban agriculture has favorable conditions such as a good market environment and landscape facilities.
Taking urban agriculture as an indispensable important industry in urbanized areas, do a good job of unified planning and guidance, and improve the starting point of urban agricultural development. The construction of urban agriculture in our district has just started. First, we must have an overall plan for urban agriculture. The plan should correctly analyze the current situation of agricultural production in our district, study the favorable conditions and constraints faced by urban agriculture development, focus on rural urbanization in our district, build the goal of Shenzhen back garden, strengthen the economic function of agriculture, and expand ecological functions and social functions. The plan should have an overall arrangement for the spatial layout and development of urban agriculture, and provide guidance on the industrial structure, landscape form, financing method, scientific and technological support, and management system of urban agriculture. There are several issues to be aware of when planning:
1. Consider urban agriculture in the overall development of urbanization.
Urban agriculture has become an important part of urbanization. It should be based on the requirements of the overall development of the city in our district, combined with the spatial layout of the city, with a network pattern of points, lines, rings and surfaces, with a high starting point, a new pattern, a multi-functional, and rich features. Regional positioning, morphological positioning, target positioning, scientific and rational planning of urban agriculture development. Through planning to strengthen the protection and management of urban ecological land, water source protection areas, agricultural protection land, vegetable bases, leisure tourism agricultural land and agricultural infrastructure, reduce the waste of agricultural resources caused by land development and requisition.
2. Based on the existing agricultural production facilities and conditions, according to the different characteristics of the agricultural development of each town, the division guidance.
In particular, we should pay attention to the protection of agricultural landscapes, highlight regional and rural characteristics, and enrich regional agricultural cultural connotations. According to the principle of favorable development and the status quo of agriculture in each town, plan the different development directions of each town and choose different key projects, leading industries and leading products. At the same time, we must plan according to the principle that the primary and secondary are different and orderly.
3. The plan should reflect the idea of enhancing economic functions and continuously expanding ecological functions and social functions.
The realization of urban agro-ecological functions and social functions should be combined with the realization of economic functions. Some need to rely on economic functions. Urban agriculture must seek development through the pursuit of functional perfection and improvement, so that the functions of agriculture can be organically unified.
4. Planning should combine the development of urban agriculture with the development of tourism.
According to the forecast of the target market, the service content and form of the agricultural project are selected separately. The sightseeing and leisure agriculture in our district generally accepts three types of customers. One is the short-term visit to the outside world, the second is the city's team, and the third is the city's residents, including residents of general income level and high-income residents. Different regions and different projects need different target markets. The visit rates of tourists from different cities and in different places are different. Planning should select different service objects according to the characteristics of different target markets and determine the corresponding projects.
Forming a multi-investment diversification and business-oriented urban agricultural operation mechanism, mobilizing various enthusiasm and enhancing the driving force of urban agriculture development
1. Improve the diversified investment system.
Urban agriculture is a capital-intensive industry that requires high capital investment. Urban agriculture not only reflects economic benefits, but also reflects social and ecological benefits. In addition to agricultural enterprises and farmers, agricultural beneficiaries also have government and society. Therefore, investment entities must also be diversified. It is necessary to uphold and improve the "four-round turn" agricultural investment system that has already been formed, and to achieve multi-channel, multi-modal, all-round, open-ended investment in urban agriculture. Within the agricultural sector, funds must be continuously accumulated, financial funds should be increased, and bank credit funds should actively support agricultural development. It is also necessary to increase the use of funds outside the region to encourage and guide foreign investment into various fields and links in urban agricultural development. At the same time, we must regulate the behavior of agricultural investment and financing entities, and government investment should strive to achieve the goal of maximizing social utility.
2. Explore various forms of urban agriculture construction and operation.
According to the scale of agricultural land in our district, the degree of agricultural enterprise, the status quo of facility agriculture, etc., there are several forms: First, the facility agricultural park. That is to say, a large-scale land development facility agriculture is planned, including soilless cultivated vegetables, greenhouse cultivation flowers, factory mushroom production, flower tissue cultivation workshop, ornamental animal breeding, and agricultural research, development and testing. In terms of industry type, it can be comprehensive or a single industry, but it is mainly based on facility production. The second is the high-tech agro-ecological park. It is a form of urban agriculture that combines the production of facilities with open field cultivation, the combination of farming and planting, and the combination of production and scientific research, but focuses on production functions. The third is holiday farms, sightseeing farms, forest parks, etc. Emphasis is placed on the appreciation of agricultural landscapes or the experience of agricultural production, and the return to natural pleasure. Including orchards, aquaculture areas, vegetable production bases, forests, etc. can be developed into such parks, either as a single industry or as a multi-industry complex. In terms of organizational form, these forms can be government-built--business-oriented, that is, the government completes planning and infrastructure construction, and then sets certain standards for entering the park. Enterprises invest in agricultural projects; Enterprise construction - business integration, that is, the park infrastructure construction and project management are all responsible for the enterprise, and the projects entering the park can be the introduction of multiple enterprises.
3. Focus on enterprise management, and all departments of the government should coordinate and serve.
The development of urban agriculture must be carried out in accordance with the laws of the market economy. The government's behavior in it can only be guidance, coordination and service. Even government investment should be included in the market-oriented operation management. Urban agriculture should also implement the industrialization of the company with the company as the main body, production-plus-sale-tourism integration, seed-culture-plus-body integration, trade-work-agriculture-services, and existing agricultural companies. It has cultivated a leading agricultural tourism company that continuously expands agriculture to tourism and tourism. It can also set up a new agricultural tourism company to take the lead in urban agriculture development. Of course, the government must also have a clear management service organization, do a good job in coordination, service, and management, and specialize in research, planning, and guiding the development of urban agriculture. It can be operated by the departments of agriculture, tourism, culture, industry and commerce.
Continuously optimize the structure of agricultural production, increase the agricultural area of facilities, and further enhance the economic function of urban agriculture
The development of urban agriculture in our district still needs to further enhance economic functions. We must continue to follow the principle of market-oriented and efficiency-oriented, based on existing agricultural and sideline products, and promote leading industries and advantageous products to realize industrialization of agriculture. Operating. Combine the development of facility agriculture with the development of open field cultivation, combine the optimal agricultural production structure with the improved variety quality structure, and accelerate the development of fine agriculture, seed agriculture, foreign exchange earning agriculture, food agriculture and so on.
The animal husbandry industry needs to form an intensive, enterprise-oriented and large-scale production system. It is necessary to adjust the structure of livestock and poultry breeding, compact small-scale farms with small scale and low yield, and inferior varieties with high cost and poor meat quality, give full play to the leading role of Kangdal in animal husbandry production, and actively develop large-scale and modernized Large-scale livestock and poultry enterprises and excellent new varieties of hybrid and grain-saving varieties will accelerate the process of improved seed production based on the current 50% improved seeding rate. Encourage the development of famous and efficient ecological breeding industries, develop cross-regional livestock and poultry industries, and form a breeding base for livestock and poultry. The aquaculture industry should continue to expand and form a factory-based and diversified farming model as soon as possible. Continue to develop a variety of farming models for pond raising, box raising, hanging and nursing. Play the leading role of the South Australian Sea Treasures Breeding Company, enhance the development and demonstration role of the District Fisheries Research Institute, introduce excellent new varieties and rare varieties, and optimize the variety structure. Expand the scale of factory-raised abalone and factory-based fish farming.
The fruit industry should focus on high-quality longan and lychee, and actively introduce new varieties of tropical fruits suitable for local cultivation. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific management of orchards, improve fruit quality, and increase yield and efficiency. Vegetable production should focus on accelerating the construction of 10,000 mu of pollution-free vegetable bases, establishing a pollution-free vegetable testing system, expanding the cultivation area of vegetable facilities, improving the grade and quality of vegetable varieties, and appropriately developing potted vegetables based on ornamentals.
The flower industry should gradually expand its scale, build several flower fields, and constantly adjust the variety structure to the market, focusing on the construction of facilities and flower fields, introducing and cultivating high-grade flowers, improving the level of the flower industry, and cultivating the flower industry into our district as soon as possible. A new growth point for agriculture.
The development of animal husbandry, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables, flowers and other industries must implement brand management. This is the only way for agricultural marketization. It is necessary to promote the brand through various forms, increase the popularity and market share, and create several famous brand products.
Accelerate the pace of tourism agriculture and ecological agriculture, and extend the ecological functions and social functions of urban agriculture. The development of urban agriculture in our region should pay more and more attention to the realization and development of ecological functions and social functions. The realization of ecological functions and social functions is specifically carried out in the form of sightseeing farms, forest parks, agricultural parks, citizen farms, educational farms, holiday farmhouses, and natural rest villages. These can be roughly divided into three categories, one is tourism-oriented agriculture dominated by ornamental agricultural landscapes, such as sightseeing farms, agricultural parks, forest parks, etc.; the other is experiential agriculture, which is mainly engaged in agricultural activities, such as citizen farms, Educational farms, agricultural picking festivals, etc.; there is also a type of leisure agriculture that is mainly for leisure and entertainment, such as holiday farmhouses and natural rest villages. The following basic ideas are used for the development of sightseeing, experience and leisure agriculture:
1. Improve supporting facilities.
On the basis of production facilities, farmland, parks, etc., according to the identified development goals, to improve supporting facilities, such as exhibition halls, video halls, conference rooms, catering halls, accommodation, sightseeing cars, entertainment rooms, signs, instructions brand.
2, the implementation of point - line beaded development.
Combine agricultural landscape construction with tourism, mountain greening, urban greening, garden construction, and marine yachts to expand the business field and extend the service chain. All towns should choose projects that are suitable for tourism, experience, and leisure agriculture development, and pay close attention to development and construction. For example, Sanlian Fruit Farm in Buji Town, Shiyashan Forest Park, Shenxianling Ecological Farm in Henggang Town, Gankeng Fruit Farm in Pinghu Town, Huilongpu Ostrich Farm in Longgang Town, Baxianling Forest Park, Wulian Village Ecological Park , the plum deer field in Pingdi Town, the Maji Mountain Nature Reserve in Pingshan Town, the Biling Ecological Village, the Jianfengling Forest Park in Kengzi Town, the Jinsha Agricultural High-Tech Park, the Tiantou Mountain Forest Park in Kwai Chung Town, and the New Sui Bao Abalone in Dapeng Town Farms, the Nanniang Mountain Reserve and the Coastal Aquaculture Base in Nan'ao Town. In the near future, we must focus on improving the sightseeing and leisure facilities of the Biling Ecological Village and the Jinsha Agricultural High-Tech Park; and accelerate the matching of the sightseeing facilities of the Nanao Coastal Aquaculture Base, Longgang Huilongpu Ostrich Farm, and Pingdi Meihua Deer Farm. The attraction of characteristic agriculture; intensified development and construction of the Henggang Shenxianling Ecological Farm; the construction of three forest parks, namely, Jingfeng Peak, Longgang Baxianling and Buji Shiyashan.
3. Develop a one-day tour of Longgang Agriculture.
Led by relevant companies, we will work with travel agencies to step up the development of Longgang Agricultural Day Tour. The project plans to visit the Huilongpu ostrich farm, Pingdi sika deer farm, Biling ecological village, Jinsha agricultural high-tech park, Nanao coastal breeding base and other agricultural tourism activities and sea yacht activities in a line, so that tourists can understand during sightseeing. The knowledge of poultry farming, vegetable greenhouses and aquaculture has also experienced the taste of seafood. The thrilling, compact, novel and interesting of flying boats will surely take the lead in agricultural tourism in Longgang. For other sightseeing, leisure, and experiential agricultural projects, we must step up and promote step by step under the overall planning guidance, so that the content of sightseeing, leisure, and experience agriculture will become more and more abundant and maintain regular appeal. It is also necessary to increase investment in science and technology, and try to solve the contradiction between the seasonal production of agricultural products and the tourism business throughout the year, so that each season has new varieties, and each landscape has a fresh feeling. Companies that operate agricultural tourism should establish close ties with travel agencies, continuously develop better tourist routes, expand publicity, and increase visitor arrival rates. As an agricultural project unit in the tourist route, it is necessary to receive necessary business training, set clear signs at the sightseeing spots, and provide thoughtful services in accordance with uniform requirements.
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