Report on the investigation of the technical innovation delegation of the China Industrial Economic Federation to Germany and France
Report on the investigation of the technical innovation delegation of the China Industrial Economic Federation to Germany and France
In order to fully understand and learn from the basic practices and successful experiences of enterprise technology innovation in developed industrial countries in Europe, strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between government departments and key enterprises in the field of enterprise technology innovation and international, accelerate the construction of enterprise technology innovation system, and promote industrial economy. Under the new international environment, the Chinese Industrial Economic Association, with the assistance of the National New Technology Development and Promotion Network, organized 25 comrades responsible for technical innovation work by some provincial and municipal economic and trade commissions and large enterprise groups. From January 18 to October 3, I went to Germany and France for an inspection. The organization unit made careful arrangements for the entire inspection activities, formulated a specific outline of the investigation, and determined the enterprise-level research and development system construction as the theme of this inspection. The German Industry Federation and the Dassault System of France were contacted in a targeted manner. The company has six related social institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises as the main research targets. All members of the delegation, with a modest study, serious thinking, and an attitude of communication, actively participated in each inspection, and their serious, rigorous and enthusiastic work spirit and in-depth understanding of related business and professional knowledge were given to the foreign party. It left a deep impression. Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, this inspection activity was successfully completed, and the scheduled tasks were successfully completed and achieved good results.
I. Basic information on the inspection activities
According to the arrangement of the investigation, the delegation visited the German Industry Association and inspected DaimlerChrysler, BASF, P+S International, DLZE and Dassault Systèmes. Through the introduction of the two parties, the special report of the inspected unit, the questioning and mutual exchange of the members of the delegation, the special seminar, the R&D and the production site visit, we have made the industry associations, technical service institutions and typical types of enterprises in the major industrial countries in Europe. The mode of operation, the role played, the main features, etc., have a deeper understanding.
1. German Industry Federation
The German Industry Federation is the largest association of German industry and a bridge between the German government and industrial companies, especially with large and medium-sized German companies. The German Industry Association has done a lot of work for the technical cooperation and exchanges between the Chinese and German industries. The inspection activities in Germany are also arranged by the association.
On September 19th, the head of the German Industry Association warmly welcomed all members of the delegation in Berlin, and a special report on German technology patents was given by Ms. Fiumen, who is in charge of the law, assets and patent affairs of the association. In Germany, patent applications and patent protection have become hot topics and have received great attention from governments and industry associations. From a conceptual point of view, the German government promotes corporate patents. One is to reward technological inventions, and the other is to promote technological advancement. A patent is an incentive for a technology inventor to protect the right to invent from illegal misappropriation by others. At the same time, patents, as technologies that can be put into production immediately, should be original, practical and novel, and can be used by other companies to promote technological progress in society as a whole, but they must spend money. In terms of patent applications, Germany has a relatively complete organizational system, and companies can apply for patents in Germany, Europe and internationally. Germany is located in the patent office in Munich. Industrial companies apply for about 50,000 to 60,000 pieces a year, concentrated in the fields of automobiles and electronics. Among them, Siemens is the most patented company in Germany, about 25,000. The EU also attaches great importance to corporate patents. The European Patent Office was established 13 years ago and has a special review body in the Netherlands and the Netherlands. German companies apply directly in Europe for 20,000 to 30,000 years each year, and companies can apply in several countries in Europe, and then enter into force in the corresponding countries. International international patent agreements signed by more than 120 countries, including Germany and China. German companies are very active in applying for international patents and can apply directly to the international authorities through relevant national agencies. In terms of patent application reform, in order to simplify the program, shorten the time, and reduce costs, Germany and the EU are undergoing reforms and improvements in patent application and protection. The EU is expected to introduce a unified European patent regulation by 2008.
In the post-report discussion, the two sides conducted extensive exchanges and heated discussions on the patent application procedures, protection measures, legal system construction, and the role of the government and associations. They also reflected the concepts and policies of the two countries. The difference has raised some questions that deserve our deep thought.
2. DaimlerChrysler Corporation
On September 23, the delegation visited DaimlerChrysler, which is headquartered in Stuttgart, an industrial town in southern Germany. It was completed by Thomas Hirth, manager of the company's mechanical systems research department, and Dr. Jiang Rencai, general manager of the Northeast Asia market development and project department. The company introduced the development of the company, the technology research and development institutions and the project organization mode, and answered the questions of the members of the delegation in detail, and conducted very friendly exchanges and heated discussions.
DaimlerChrysler is comprised of Mercedes Automotive Group, Chrysler Group, commercial vehicle segment, service segment, other business activities, strategic partners, etc. In 2002, sales revenue was 160 billion euros, including automobiles and related services. With 99% of revenue, it is one of the top three German car companies.
DaimlerChrysler attaches great importance to technology research and development. “Leadership in the field of technology and innovation” is one of the four main aspects of the company's business strategy. The company has 360,000 employees, and the research and management personnel of the head office in Germany are 2,000. In 2002, R&D investment was 8 billion euros, accounting for 5.0% of sales revenue. The company's research department mainly includes: body and power research department, electrical and mechanical research department, information and communication research department and company environmental management department. The main tasks of the research department are: 1. Tracking and tracking the advanced technologies related to the company's business in the world today, and tracking the technological progress of competitors; 2. Technical feasibility study, basic research for colleges and universities, research institutions Analyze and judge which ones have the value of application, which can be converted into practical technology; 3. Develop the technology of application, research and develop the technology with the value of the application, and finally apply the technology to the actual production together with the development department. Go; 4, service, service the new technology applied.
The company has the following characteristics in the specific scientific research management program:
The company's annual R&D plan is proposed by each research department and reviewed on the company's board of directors. Once approved, it is included in the company's budget, and research funds are allocated by the board of directors; 50% of the research department's annual research funding is passed. The department proposes the project plan, which is allocated by the board of directors. The other 50% of the funds are obtained from the development department's budget, thus ensuring that the research of the technology will eventually be applied to the actual production, rather than being limited to The laboratory; the research department and the development department are linked through projects, budgets, etc., and researchers and developers are included in each research group to determine whether the technology is related to production. At the beginning of the project, the personnel of the research department are generally responsible for the project. When the project is carried out to a certain stage, the indicators of the project research have reached the predetermined goals. After the review, the project is transferred to the personnel of the development department. Further research will eventually apply the technology to production practice; the company's research department and colleges and universities have a clear division of labor in the research direction. The main research of colleges and universities is basic research, while the research department of the company mainly conducts research on applicability. Of course, in the course of their research, there may be technical crossovers. The research funding of colleges and universities is allocated by the state. The company sometimes provides part of the funds, but it is also a small amount. In the process of cooperation with colleges and universities, the intellectual property rights are agreed by the parties before the cooperation according to the specific conditions of each project. Some have full property rights, some share property rights, some have only a small part of property rights; in terms of incentives for researchers, they are motivating researchers according to the company's entire incentive system, and there is no separate design. Set of incentive systems. In addition to the material incentives of researchers, they are mainly spiritual incentives to stimulate their creative power, making them feel that their inventions and research can be used by famous companies such as DaimlerChrysler. Glory.
3, Germany BASF company
Founded in 1865, BASF Germany is mainly engaged in the production of dyes and synthetic materials. Through technological innovation, the company has developed into one of the world's largest chemical industry companies with five major categories of products. In 2002, the company's sales revenue reached 32 billion, belonging to the world's top 500 companies.
Based on technological innovation, the company focuses on the situation of competitors and market demand, and vigorously promotes enterprise technology research and development. The company has three R&D institutions, and there are also many departments that turn technical achievements into products. The company's annual investment in research and development is 1.0 to 1.2 billion euros, accounting for 3.5% of sales revenue. The company's R&D investment is mainly distributed in four directions: 36% for new technologies and new products, 22% for existing technologies and products, and 32% for existing processes; new methods and new implementations The process accounts for about 10%. BASF's technology innovation management model is representative of large German companies. The project proposes “top-down” and “bottom-up”. The company proposes and issues relevant research and development topics according to the needs of strategic development, and more is based on competitors and market conditions by subordinate departments or companies. It is proposed that when the project plan of the entire company is formed and the difficulties or results are not applied, the decision-making level of the company decides whether the project will proceed. Project funds are also mainly invested by subordinate departments or companies, and the success or failure of the project is also the responsibility of the project.
As an international company, BASF has a relatively complete R&D organization and attaches great importance to cooperation with universities, research institutes and other companies. There are more than 800 partners in Europe and more than 30 in Asia. This has greatly enhanced the company's ability to innovate, and has been at the forefront of the world's chemical technology, and continues to explore new areas of technology such as biochemistry.
BASF's cooperation with China has made a good start. For example, we have cooperated with Tongji University to study chemical wastewater treatment technology. There are also cooperative production projects in Shanghai. The Yangtze Ethylene Project in Nanjing has invested US$3 billion. In 2002, we invested in research in China. 18.3 million US dollars. The visit of the delegation was highly valued by BASF. The company's responsible person expressed confidence in the Chinese market. It is estimated that by 2019, 70% of the company's operating income will come from China or Asia.
4. Dassault System
On September 30th, the delegation visited the Dassault Systèmes company on the banks of the Seine in Paris with great enthusiasm. Mr. Francis Bernard, the CATIA software designer and founder of Dassault Systèmes, personally introduced Dassault's development, major products and development strategies to the delegation, and arranged a visit to the R&D department and the virtual reality laboratory.
In 1981, France's Marseilles Aircraft Corporation decided to establish Dassault Systèmes to develop a new generation of CATIA design software. Francis Bernard was appointed to set up a new company and signed a partnership agreement with IBM to commercialize it globally. Sales and promotion of CATIA software. Through cooperation with IBM, Dassault Systèmes has enabled the company's research and development staff to fully engage in the in-depth development of CATIA software, greatly enriching the functionality of the software, making it a modular open architecture software that can integrate a considerable number of sophisticated application. In the early 1990s, Dassault Systèmes became the world's most famous dedicated design software supplier for the global aviation and automotive industry, with a large number of well-known corporate users such as Ford, Toyota, BMW, Brunswick and Volvo. Through continuous cooperation and acquisition of major mechanical design software development companies such as SolidWorks, the company has greatly expanded its technological innovation capabilities. Research and development personnel have grown from more than a dozen people to more than 4,000 now, making CATIA constantly upgraded. In 2002, he cooperated with IBM to sell product lifecycle management systems worldwide and was named a world leader.
In just 20 years, Dassault Systèmes has developed into a software company with sales of 700 million Euros and the most competitive advantage in the highly competitive industry. The company's successful experience is: It has a very clear strategy. We have developed software development targets for different periods, from 3D to virtual simulation technology; we have our own core technologies, such as CATIA V5, etc.; we have strong partners, continuously expand research and development teams, and enhance technological innovation capabilities.
5, P+S International Corporation
On September 22nd, the delegation was invited to visit P+S International, located near Hanover, Germany. P+S International is a medium-sized enterprise based in Germany for the production of wallpapers. It is also the only small and medium-sized enterprise in this inspection. The company's production of wallpaper has a history of 125 years, and now it is a professional wallpaper manufacturer that can produce 3 categories of more than 1,800 kinds, 75 million square meters of wallpaper, and annual sales of 35 million euros.
There are more than 100 various wallpaper manufacturers in Germany, and the market competition is fierce. P+S International's products can occupy 20% of the German market. It belongs to one of the three major German wallpaper manufacturers, and the products are sold to Western Europe. It is the main supplier of wallpapers in Eastern Europe and the major professional building materials market in Europe. All products are displayed, it is a famous wallpaper brand in Europe.
During the inspection, we found that P+S International can survive and develop in the fierce competition. The key is that the company has clear market positioning, proprietary process technology and strong new product development capabilities. The company determines the product structure according to the needs of the market, and develops different color varieties and products adapted to different living conditions according to various needs information of the user's bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom and corridor, thus maintaining a high market share. As a medium-sized enterprise, P+S International still attaches great importance to technological innovation. The company has a special technology research and development center, which directly spends more than 700,000 yuan on new products and new technology development each year, accounting for 2% of sales revenue, thus ensuring the progress of new product development and the leading level of wallpaper production technology in Europe. . Every year, the company has more than 500 to 600 new products to market, and basically all products are updated every two years. Constantly maintaining and expanding the company's technological advantages in the more specialized product market, and always possessing proprietary technology, is the fundamental factor for the continuous development of a century-old enterprise.
6, DLZE company
Germany DLZE Co., Ltd. is a small and medium-sized consulting company specializing in providing various technical services for enterprises. This inspection activity regards the company as a key research object, and analyzes the operation mode of intermediary service organizations in developed countries such as Germany. It is of great significance to establish an enterprise technology innovation service body that conforms to the actual situation of Chinese enterprises.
DLZE's services are very extensive. The company has more than 10 departments including technical maintenance services, service hotlines, legal consultation and training. They use their advantages and information resources that are familiar to the market, various companies and products to carry out various products and Equipment technical maintenance, market consulting, customer management marketing contract, logistics and industrial production process expert consulting services, e-commerce and other services. The company uses the network information platform and SAP's customized resource management system to receive 100,000 audio, video and home appliance and electronic equipment maintenance and maintenance projects each year, and delivers 80,000 customer-trusted items. A piece of goods, receiving 70,000 telephone consultations, only technical repairs and consulting to create a turnover of 4.5 million euros per year for the company, the profit margin of the service business is more than 15%.
DLZE's successful experience lies in: First, it can stand at the height of the market in Germany and Europe, and integrate the demand of users into a large-scale business of the company system, and not compete with big companies for the market. For example, we saw on the spot that some electronic equipment that many domestic maintenance departments could not see, DLZE made this a big business; second, the entire technical service business was very complicated, and DLZE fully utilized management. Informatization means effectively guarantee the quality of service, improve work efficiency, reduce management difficulty and management cost, and create a large profit margin.
Second, the main harvest of the inspection activities
The 14-day study tour was carried out in constant collision, understanding, communication, consultation, thinking, and even the collision of ideas. All members felt that the trip to Germany and France was impressive and touched, and there were many revelations. The main gains are:
Promote mutual understanding
Among the 25 members of the delegation, most of them are engaged in more professional technical work or technical management. They are the backbone of their own units. They have heavy daily tasks and rarely have the opportunity to visit relevant foreign institutions. The inspection activities are arranged in industrially developed countries with more cooperation projects with Chinese industry. Among the major units surveyed, there are internationally renowned large-scale enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises full of vitality. There are professional institutions such as industrial associations. There are also companies that provide services to enterprises, which are very representative. Through on-the-spot visits, inspections and friendly exchanges, the members of the delegation will understand the basic structure of the technology R&D system of enterprises in Western industrialized countries, the organizational model of enterprise-level technological innovation projects, and the understanding of R&D projects by enterprise decision-making, management and executive levels. Their respective responsibilities, the way and strength of enterprise technology R&D investment, the government's support for enterprise technology innovation, the establishment and operation of enterprise technology innovation service system, etc., have a relatively intuitive and in-depth understanding of the industrial economy and politics of European countries. There is also a preliminary understanding of culture, social management, etc. On the other hand, during the inspection activities, the members showed positive and serious behaviors, actively introduced the situation and practices of technological innovation in China or the unit, and appropriately raised many in-depth questions, even professional ones. The problem has made friends from German and French industries have made a good impression on the achievements of China's economic construction, the strong development momentum of China's industrial economy, and the technical innovation work of China's industrial enterprises. While studying and studying, many members negotiated with each other to further exchange and cooperation. For example, the German Industry Federation and the China Industrial Association initially agreed that a technical exchange event in the industrial field will be organized in Beijing this year; Dassault Company initially accepted At the invitation of the Chongqing Municipal Economic Commission, some activities were jointly organized in the virtual design and manufacturing technology and the promotion and application of CATIA V5 software technology. The study was over, but the exchanges and cooperation in the depths continued.
Gained useful inspiration
Although the political and cultural background and industrial development level of Germany and France are very different from those of China, for the technical innovation work of enterprises, the target of work and the goal of catching up are the same, foreign new ideas, good practices, Successful cases are very inspiring to us, and are beneficial to our government departments and enterprises to learn, learn from, and improve their work. Initial summary, there are the following points:
1. Government departments should further clarify the strategic significance of corporate patent work to improve the scientific and technological level of the whole society, improve the core technological innovation capability of enterprises, and ensure the healthy and rapid development of China's industrial economy in the international environment. And to guide enterprises to apply for patents, protect patents, and to learn from the German government's practices, focus on three things: improve institutions, improve regulations, and strengthen services. That is to use the power of the law to create a good environment for patent development, and to use government policies, regulations and service efficiency to reduce the cost of applying for patents. On the other hand, industrial enterprises, especially large-scale key enterprises, must regard patent strategy as one of the important contents of enterprise development strategy, as one of the prerequisites for enterprises to participate in international and domestic market competition, as an essential quality for cultivating international modern enterprises. One, pay enough attention to it, do a good job of grasping the reality, must not be free from patent protection, and can not survive the gap of patent regulations.
2. Government departments should further increase their efforts, advocate, guide and urge enterprises to pay attention to and do a good job in technological innovation. First, we cannot be mistaken that through the efforts in recent years, enterprises have made clear understanding of technological innovation and its importance and its connotation, and the policy system has been completed. We belong to the post-development country, the modern industrial system has not yet been fully established, a large number of key industrial common technologies need to be mastered, and advanced and applicable technologies need to be developed and applied. This requires us to pay more attention and greater than the developed countries such as Germany and France. Input. However, during the inspection, we learned that the research and development organization system of German and French enterprises is very strict and perfect, and the government's investment is also increasing year by year. For example, the German government invested more than 20 billion euros in 2002 and directly used for enterprise technology research and development. For this point, the decision-makers of government departments and enterprises in China have applied a clear understanding, and the slowness of action will only lead to the widening of the gap in science and technology and the weakening of the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Second, it cannot be mistaken that only large enterprises need to pay special attention to technology development work, while ordinary SMEs only need to make some improvements in products or processes. In fact, regardless of the scale or industry, enterprises must have their own technical conditions as long as they participate in market competition. They have their core technology, proprietary technology or comparative advantage technology, as well as new products attached to the technology. For example, the P+S company we surveyed only produces all kinds of wallpapers and should not belong to the high-tech industry. However, P+S company is very new technology, new technology, new materials development and application, its wallpaper production process and waste treatment technology. Leading in Europe, Japanese companies are also adopting some of their technologies. This point is especially worth pondering for small and medium-sized enterprises in many traditional industries in China.
3. The organization of internal technology development projects of large enterprises or enterprise groups in China should learn from the successful practices of foreign companies and explore new enterprise R&D project management models that are more in line with the laws of the market economy and more conducive to stimulating the potential of enterprise technology and management personnel. Domestic enterprises organize technology development projects, usually from top to bottom, project plans and fund plans, and the R&D department organizes the implementation of the project. After completion, the report is submitted, and the upper departments are assessed and accepted, and the corresponding incentive measures are provided. . During the inspection, when some members of the delegation asked about the rewards and punishments of the other party, the other party often showed a blank look. Later, I learned that in the German and French companies, research and development projects are proposed by the upper or subordinate departments or companies, but ultimately the subordinate companies or departments are more concerned about the success or failure of the projects they undertake, and some project errors will lead to a department. Withdrawal can be described as life and death, and why more rewards and punishments are needed? From here we can get more inspiration. Our enterprise-level technology research and development project organization should introduce more new mechanisms of market economy characteristics, non-power and spiritual factors manipulation. We should carefully examine the years we have been implementing The basic model of the establishment of the enterprise technology center and the very strict evaluation system of the enterprise technology center according to this model.
4. The joint development of industry, academia and research is one of the main ways for enterprise technology innovation advocated by government departments at all levels in China. It is also a common practice for us to examine the famous technology companies in Germany and France to improve their technological research and development capabilities and enhance their market competitiveness. The stronger the strength of the enterprise, the more extensive and deeper the cooperation between industry, university and research institutes and enterprises, can not be understood as "the technical strength of the enterprise is not strong, only to find a university research institute to help." Therefore, we should summarize our successful experience and continue to do a good job in the joint work of industry, academia and research.
5. The German Industry Federation has played a very good role in building bridges between enterprises and governments, promoting exchanges and cooperation between domestic and foreign companies, and serving enterprises in technological innovation. Its good practice is worth learning from our industry associations and many industry associations and various intermediary service organizations. In the process of establishing a socialist market economy and transforming government functions, we strive to build an enterprise technology innovation service system that is compatible with the market economy. There are many difficulties and need the help of the government. However, to serve the market economy, you must first go to the market yourself, and you must have sufficient market viability. When the government departments guide the establishment of the enterprise technology innovation service system, it is necessary to help the corresponding service organizations and organizations to enhance this viability.
Increased confidence in work
During the 14-day expedition, we have seen the development and industrial strength of European countries such as Germany and France. At the same time, we have also truly felt the tremendous achievements China has made in the past two decades and felt that our country is in the people. The progress made in life, urban construction, industrial economy, etc., feels the increasing weight of China’s people in the developed countries of the West. We are full of confidence: As long as China continues to maintain stable development, as long as we continue to work hard, work hard, and do a good job of reform and innovation, a new and open new industrialized country will be able to stand in the east of the world in the near future!
In order to fully understand and learn from the basic practices and successful experiences of enterprise technology innovation in developed industrial countries in Europe, strengthen the exchanges and cooperation between government departments and key enterprises in the field of enterprise technology innovation and international, accelerate the construction of enterprise technology innovation system, and promote industrial economy. Under the new international environment, the Chinese Industrial Economic Association, with the assistance of the National New Technology Development and Promotion Network, organized 25 comrades responsible for technical innovation work by some provincial and municipal economic and trade commissions and large enterprise groups. From January 18 to October 3, I went to Germany and France for an inspection. The organization unit made careful arrangements for the entire inspection activities, formulated a specific outline of the investigation, and determined the enterprise-level research and development system construction as the theme of this inspection. The German Industry Federation and the Dassault System of France were contacted in a targeted manner. The company has six related social institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises as the main research targets. All members of the delegation, with a modest study, serious thinking, and an attitude of communication, actively participated in each inspection, and their serious, rigorous and enthusiastic work spirit and in-depth understanding of related business and professional knowledge were given to the foreign party. It left a deep impression. Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, this inspection activity was successfully completed, and the scheduled tasks were successfully completed and achieved good results.
I. Basic information on the inspection activities
According to the arrangement of the investigation, the delegation visited the German Industry Association and inspected DaimlerChrysler, BASF, P+S International, DLZE and Dassault Systèmes. Through the introduction of the two parties, the special report of the inspected unit, the questioning and mutual exchange of the members of the delegation, the special seminar, the R&D and the production site visit, we have made the industry associations, technical service institutions and typical types of enterprises in the major industrial countries in Europe. The mode of operation, the role played, the main features, etc., have a deeper understanding.
1. German Industry Federation
The German Industry Federation is the largest association of German industry and a bridge between the German government and industrial companies, especially with large and medium-sized German companies. The German Industry Association has done a lot of work for the technical cooperation and exchanges between the Chinese and German industries. The inspection activities in Germany are also arranged by the association.
On September 19th, the head of the German Industry Association warmly welcomed all members of the delegation in Berlin, and a special report on German technology patents was given by Ms. Fiumen, who is in charge of the law, assets and patent affairs of the association. In Germany, patent applications and patent protection have become hot topics and have received great attention from governments and industry associations. From a conceptual point of view, the German government promotes corporate patents. One is to reward technological inventions, and the other is to promote technological advancement. A patent is an incentive for a technology inventor to protect the right to invent from illegal misappropriation by others. At the same time, patents, as technologies that can be put into production immediately, should be original, practical and novel, and can be used by other companies to promote technological progress in society as a whole, but they must spend money. In terms of patent applications, Germany has a relatively complete organizational system, and companies can apply for patents in Germany, Europe and internationally. Germany is located in the patent office in Munich. Industrial companies apply for about 50,000 to 60,000 pieces a year, concentrated in the fields of automobiles and electronics. Among them, Siemens is the most patented company in Germany, about 25,000. The EU also attaches great importance to corporate patents. The European Patent Office was established 13 years ago and has a special review body in the Netherlands and the Netherlands. German companies apply directly in Europe for 20,000 to 30,000 years each year, and companies can apply in several countries in Europe, and then enter into force in the corresponding countries. International international patent agreements signed by more than 120 countries, including Germany and China. German companies are very active in applying for international patents and can apply directly to the international authorities through relevant national agencies. In terms of patent application reform, in order to simplify the program, shorten the time, and reduce costs, Germany and the EU are undergoing reforms and improvements in patent application and protection. The EU is expected to introduce a unified European patent regulation by 2008.
In the post-report discussion, the two sides conducted extensive exchanges and heated discussions on the patent application procedures, protection measures, legal system construction, and the role of the government and associations. They also reflected the concepts and policies of the two countries. The difference has raised some questions that deserve our deep thought.
2. DaimlerChrysler Corporation
On September 23, the delegation visited DaimlerChrysler, which is headquartered in Stuttgart, an industrial town in southern Germany. It was completed by Thomas Hirth, manager of the company's mechanical systems research department, and Dr. Jiang Rencai, general manager of the Northeast Asia market development and project department. The company introduced the development of the company, the technology research and development institutions and the project organization mode, and answered the questions of the members of the delegation in detail, and conducted very friendly exchanges and heated discussions.
DaimlerChrysler is comprised of Mercedes Automotive Group, Chrysler Group, commercial vehicle segment, service segment, other business activities, strategic partners, etc. In 2002, sales revenue was 160 billion euros, including automobiles and related services. With 99% of revenue, it is one of the top three German car companies.
DaimlerChrysler attaches great importance to technology research and development. “Leadership in the field of technology and innovation” is one of the four main aspects of the company's business strategy. The company has 360,000 employees, and the research and management personnel of the head office in Germany are 2,000. In 2002, R&D investment was 8 billion euros, accounting for 5.0% of sales revenue. The company's research department mainly includes: body and power research department, electrical and mechanical research department, information and communication research department and company environmental management department. The main tasks of the research department are: 1. Tracking and tracking the advanced technologies related to the company's business in the world today, and tracking the technological progress of competitors; 2. Technical feasibility study, basic research for colleges and universities, research institutions Analyze and judge which ones have the value of application, which can be converted into practical technology; 3. Develop the technology of application, research and develop the technology with the value of the application, and finally apply the technology to the actual production together with the development department. Go; 4, service, service the new technology applied.
The company has the following characteristics in the specific scientific research management program:
The company's annual R&D plan is proposed by each research department and reviewed on the company's board of directors. Once approved, it is included in the company's budget, and research funds are allocated by the board of directors; 50% of the research department's annual research funding is passed. The department proposes the project plan, which is allocated by the board of directors. The other 50% of the funds are obtained from the development department's budget, thus ensuring that the research of the technology will eventually be applied to the actual production, rather than being limited to The laboratory; the research department and the development department are linked through projects, budgets, etc., and researchers and developers are included in each research group to determine whether the technology is related to production. At the beginning of the project, the personnel of the research department are generally responsible for the project. When the project is carried out to a certain stage, the indicators of the project research have reached the predetermined goals. After the review, the project is transferred to the personnel of the development department. Further research will eventually apply the technology to production practice; the company's research department and colleges and universities have a clear division of labor in the research direction. The main research of colleges and universities is basic research, while the research department of the company mainly conducts research on applicability. Of course, in the course of their research, there may be technical crossovers. The research funding of colleges and universities is allocated by the state. The company sometimes provides part of the funds, but it is also a small amount. In the process of cooperation with colleges and universities, the intellectual property rights are agreed by the parties before the cooperation according to the specific conditions of each project. Some have full property rights, some share property rights, some have only a small part of property rights; in terms of incentives for researchers, they are motivating researchers according to the company's entire incentive system, and there is no separate design. Set of incentive systems. In addition to the material incentives of researchers, they are mainly spiritual incentives to stimulate their creative power, making them feel that their inventions and research can be used by famous companies such as DaimlerChrysler. Glory.
3, Germany BASF company
Founded in 1865, BASF Germany is mainly engaged in the production of dyes and synthetic materials. Through technological innovation, the company has developed into one of the world's largest chemical industry companies with five major categories of products. In 2002, the company's sales revenue reached 32 billion, belonging to the world's top 500 companies.
Based on technological innovation, the company focuses on the situation of competitors and market demand, and vigorously promotes enterprise technology research and development. The company has three R&D institutions, and there are also many departments that turn technical achievements into products. The company's annual investment in research and development is 1.0 to 1.2 billion euros, accounting for 3.5% of sales revenue. The company's R&D investment is mainly distributed in four directions: 36% for new technologies and new products, 22% for existing technologies and products, and 32% for existing processes; new methods and new implementations The process accounts for about 10%. BASF's technology innovation management model is representative of large German companies. The project proposes “top-down” and “bottom-up”. The company proposes and issues relevant research and development topics according to the needs of strategic development, and more is based on competitors and market conditions by subordinate departments or companies. It is proposed that when the project plan of the entire company is formed and the difficulties or results are not applied, the decision-making level of the company decides whether the project will proceed. Project funds are also mainly invested by subordinate departments or companies, and the success or failure of the project is also the responsibility of the project.
As an international company, BASF has a relatively complete R&D organization and attaches great importance to cooperation with universities, research institutes and other companies. There are more than 800 partners in Europe and more than 30 in Asia. This has greatly enhanced the company's ability to innovate, and has been at the forefront of the world's chemical technology, and continues to explore new areas of technology such as biochemistry.
BASF's cooperation with China has made a good start. For example, we have cooperated with Tongji University to study chemical wastewater treatment technology. There are also cooperative production projects in Shanghai. The Yangtze Ethylene Project in Nanjing has invested US$3 billion. In 2002, we invested in research in China. 18.3 million US dollars. The visit of the delegation was highly valued by BASF. The company's responsible person expressed confidence in the Chinese market. It is estimated that by 2019, 70% of the company's operating income will come from China or Asia.
4. Dassault System
On September 30th, the delegation visited the Dassault Systèmes company on the banks of the Seine in Paris with great enthusiasm. Mr. Francis Bernard, the CATIA software designer and founder of Dassault Systèmes, personally introduced Dassault's development, major products and development strategies to the delegation, and arranged a visit to the R&D department and the virtual reality laboratory.
In 1981, France's Marseilles Aircraft Corporation decided to establish Dassault Systèmes to develop a new generation of CATIA design software. Francis Bernard was appointed to set up a new company and signed a partnership agreement with IBM to commercialize it globally. Sales and promotion of CATIA software. Through cooperation with IBM, Dassault Systèmes has enabled the company's research and development staff to fully engage in the in-depth development of CATIA software, greatly enriching the functionality of the software, making it a modular open architecture software that can integrate a considerable number of sophisticated application. In the early 1990s, Dassault Systèmes became the world's most famous dedicated design software supplier for the global aviation and automotive industry, with a large number of well-known corporate users such as Ford, Toyota, BMW, Brunswick and Volvo. Through continuous cooperation and acquisition of major mechanical design software development companies such as SolidWorks, the company has greatly expanded its technological innovation capabilities. Research and development personnel have grown from more than a dozen people to more than 4,000 now, making CATIA constantly upgraded. In 2002, he cooperated with IBM to sell product lifecycle management systems worldwide and was named a world leader.
In just 20 years, Dassault Systèmes has developed into a software company with sales of 700 million Euros and the most competitive advantage in the highly competitive industry. The company's successful experience is: It has a very clear strategy. We have developed software development targets for different periods, from 3D to virtual simulation technology; we have our own core technologies, such as CATIA V5, etc.; we have strong partners, continuously expand research and development teams, and enhance technological innovation capabilities.
5, P+S International Corporation
On September 22nd, the delegation was invited to visit P+S International, located near Hanover, Germany. P+S International is a medium-sized enterprise based in Germany for the production of wallpapers. It is also the only small and medium-sized enterprise in this inspection. The company's production of wallpaper has a history of 125 years, and now it is a professional wallpaper manufacturer that can produce 3 categories of more than 1,800 kinds, 75 million square meters of wallpaper, and annual sales of 35 million euros.
There are more than 100 various wallpaper manufacturers in Germany, and the market competition is fierce. P+S International's products can occupy 20% of the German market. It belongs to one of the three major German wallpaper manufacturers, and the products are sold to Western Europe. It is the main supplier of wallpapers in Eastern Europe and the major professional building materials market in Europe. All products are displayed, it is a famous wallpaper brand in Europe.
During the inspection, we found that P+S International can survive and develop in the fierce competition. The key is that the company has clear market positioning, proprietary process technology and strong new product development capabilities. The company determines the product structure according to the needs of the market, and develops different color varieties and products adapted to different living conditions according to various needs information of the user's bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom and corridor, thus maintaining a high market share. As a medium-sized enterprise, P+S International still attaches great importance to technological innovation. The company has a special technology research and development center, which directly spends more than 700,000 yuan on new products and new technology development each year, accounting for 2% of sales revenue, thus ensuring the progress of new product development and the leading level of wallpaper production technology in Europe. . Every year, the company has more than 500 to 600 new products to market, and basically all products are updated every two years. Constantly maintaining and expanding the company's technological advantages in the more specialized product market, and always possessing proprietary technology, is the fundamental factor for the continuous development of a century-old enterprise.
6, DLZE company
Germany DLZE Co., Ltd. is a small and medium-sized consulting company specializing in providing various technical services for enterprises. This inspection activity regards the company as a key research object, and analyzes the operation mode of intermediary service organizations in developed countries such as Germany. It is of great significance to establish an enterprise technology innovation service body that conforms to the actual situation of Chinese enterprises.
DLZE's services are very extensive. The company has more than 10 departments including technical maintenance services, service hotlines, legal consultation and training. They use their advantages and information resources that are familiar to the market, various companies and products to carry out various products and Equipment technical maintenance, market consulting, customer management marketing contract, logistics and industrial production process expert consulting services, e-commerce and other services. The company uses the network information platform and SAP's customized resource management system to receive 100,000 audio, video and home appliance and electronic equipment maintenance and maintenance projects each year, and delivers 80,000 customer-trusted items. A piece of goods, receiving 70,000 telephone consultations, only technical repairs and consulting to create a turnover of 4.5 million euros per year for the company, the profit margin of the service business is more than 15%.
DLZE's successful experience lies in: First, it can stand at the height of the market in Germany and Europe, and integrate the demand of users into a large-scale business of the company system, and not compete with big companies for the market. For example, we saw on the spot that some electronic equipment that many domestic maintenance departments could not see, DLZE made this a big business; second, the entire technical service business was very complicated, and DLZE fully utilized management. Informatization means effectively guarantee the quality of service, improve work efficiency, reduce management difficulty and management cost, and create a large profit margin.
Second, the main harvest of the inspection activities
The 14-day study tour was carried out in constant collision, understanding, communication, consultation, thinking, and even the collision of ideas. All members felt that the trip to Germany and France was impressive and touched, and there were many revelations. The main gains are:
Promote mutual understanding
Among the 25 members of the delegation, most of them are engaged in more professional technical work or technical management. They are the backbone of their own units. They have heavy daily tasks and rarely have the opportunity to visit relevant foreign institutions. The inspection activities are arranged in industrially developed countries with more cooperation projects with Chinese industry. Among the major units surveyed, there are internationally renowned large-scale enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises full of vitality. There are professional institutions such as industrial associations. There are also companies that provide services to enterprises, which are very representative. Through on-the-spot visits, inspections and friendly exchanges, the members of the delegation will understand the basic structure of the technology R&D system of enterprises in Western industrialized countries, the organizational model of enterprise-level technological innovation projects, and the understanding of R&D projects by enterprise decision-making, management and executive levels. Their respective responsibilities, the way and strength of enterprise technology R&D investment, the government's support for enterprise technology innovation, the establishment and operation of enterprise technology innovation service system, etc., have a relatively intuitive and in-depth understanding of the industrial economy and politics of European countries. There is also a preliminary understanding of culture, social management, etc. On the other hand, during the inspection activities, the members showed positive and serious behaviors, actively introduced the situation and practices of technological innovation in China or the unit, and appropriately raised many in-depth questions, even professional ones. The problem has made friends from German and French industries have made a good impression on the achievements of China's economic construction, the strong development momentum of China's industrial economy, and the technical innovation work of China's industrial enterprises. While studying and studying, many members negotiated with each other to further exchange and cooperation. For example, the German Industry Federation and the China Industrial Association initially agreed that a technical exchange event in the industrial field will be organized in Beijing this year; Dassault Company initially accepted At the invitation of the Chongqing Municipal Economic Commission, some activities were jointly organized in the virtual design and manufacturing technology and the promotion and application of CATIA V5 software technology. The study was over, but the exchanges and cooperation in the depths continued.
Gained useful inspiration
Although the political and cultural background and industrial development level of Germany and France are very different from those of China, for the technical innovation work of enterprises, the target of work and the goal of catching up are the same, foreign new ideas, good practices, Successful cases are very inspiring to us, and are beneficial to our government departments and enterprises to learn, learn from, and improve their work. Initial summary, there are the following points:
1. Government departments should further clarify the strategic significance of corporate patent work to improve the scientific and technological level of the whole society, improve the core technological innovation capability of enterprises, and ensure the healthy and rapid development of China's industrial economy in the international environment. And to guide enterprises to apply for patents, protect patents, and to learn from the German government's practices, focus on three things: improve institutions, improve regulations, and strengthen services. That is to use the power of the law to create a good environment for patent development, and to use government policies, regulations and service efficiency to reduce the cost of applying for patents. On the other hand, industrial enterprises, especially large-scale key enterprises, must regard patent strategy as one of the important contents of enterprise development strategy, as one of the prerequisites for enterprises to participate in international and domestic market competition, as an essential quality for cultivating international modern enterprises. One, pay enough attention to it, do a good job of grasping the reality, must not be free from patent protection, and can not survive the gap of patent regulations.
2. Government departments should further increase their efforts, advocate, guide and urge enterprises to pay attention to and do a good job in technological innovation. First, we cannot be mistaken that through the efforts in recent years, enterprises have made clear understanding of technological innovation and its importance and its connotation, and the policy system has been completed. We belong to the post-development country, the modern industrial system has not yet been fully established, a large number of key industrial common technologies need to be mastered, and advanced and applicable technologies need to be developed and applied. This requires us to pay more attention and greater than the developed countries such as Germany and France. Input. However, during the inspection, we learned that the research and development organization system of German and French enterprises is very strict and perfect, and the government's investment is also increasing year by year. For example, the German government invested more than 20 billion euros in 2002 and directly used for enterprise technology research and development. For this point, the decision-makers of government departments and enterprises in China have applied a clear understanding, and the slowness of action will only lead to the widening of the gap in science and technology and the weakening of the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Second, it cannot be mistaken that only large enterprises need to pay special attention to technology development work, while ordinary SMEs only need to make some improvements in products or processes. In fact, regardless of the scale or industry, enterprises must have their own technical conditions as long as they participate in market competition. They have their core technology, proprietary technology or comparative advantage technology, as well as new products attached to the technology. For example, the P+S company we surveyed only produces all kinds of wallpapers and should not belong to the high-tech industry. However, P+S company is very new technology, new technology, new materials development and application, its wallpaper production process and waste treatment technology. Leading in Europe, Japanese companies are also adopting some of their technologies. This point is especially worth pondering for small and medium-sized enterprises in many traditional industries in China.
3. The organization of internal technology development projects of large enterprises or enterprise groups in China should learn from the successful practices of foreign companies and explore new enterprise R&D project management models that are more in line with the laws of the market economy and more conducive to stimulating the potential of enterprise technology and management personnel. Domestic enterprises organize technology development projects, usually from top to bottom, project plans and fund plans, and the R&D department organizes the implementation of the project. After completion, the report is submitted, and the upper departments are assessed and accepted, and the corresponding incentive measures are provided. . During the inspection, when some members of the delegation asked about the rewards and punishments of the other party, the other party often showed a blank look. Later, I learned that in the German and French companies, research and development projects are proposed by the upper or subordinate departments or companies, but ultimately the subordinate companies or departments are more concerned about the success or failure of the projects they undertake, and some project errors will lead to a department. Withdrawal can be described as life and death, and why more rewards and punishments are needed? From here we can get more inspiration. Our enterprise-level technology research and development project organization should introduce more new mechanisms of market economy characteristics, non-power and spiritual factors manipulation. We should carefully examine the years we have been implementing The basic model of the establishment of the enterprise technology center and the very strict evaluation system of the enterprise technology center according to this model.
4. The joint development of industry, academia and research is one of the main ways for enterprise technology innovation advocated by government departments at all levels in China. It is also a common practice for us to examine the famous technology companies in Germany and France to improve their technological research and development capabilities and enhance their market competitiveness. The stronger the strength of the enterprise, the more extensive and deeper the cooperation between industry, university and research institutes and enterprises, can not be understood as "the technical strength of the enterprise is not strong, only to find a university research institute to help." Therefore, we should summarize our successful experience and continue to do a good job in the joint work of industry, academia and research.
5. The German Industry Federation has played a very good role in building bridges between enterprises and governments, promoting exchanges and cooperation between domestic and foreign companies, and serving enterprises in technological innovation. Its good practice is worth learning from our industry associations and many industry associations and various intermediary service organizations. In the process of establishing a socialist market economy and transforming government functions, we strive to build an enterprise technology innovation service system that is compatible with the market economy. There are many difficulties and need the help of the government. However, to serve the market economy, you must first go to the market yourself, and you must have sufficient market viability. When the government departments guide the establishment of the enterprise technology innovation service system, it is necessary to help the corresponding service organizations and organizations to enhance this viability.
Increased confidence in work
During the 14-day expedition, we have seen the development and industrial strength of European countries such as Germany and France. At the same time, we have also truly felt the tremendous achievements China has made in the past two decades and felt that our country is in the people. The progress made in life, urban construction, industrial economy, etc., feels the increasing weight of China’s people in the developed countries of the West. We are full of confidence: As long as China continues to maintain stable development, as long as we continue to work hard, work hard, and do a good job of reform and innovation, a new and open new industrialized country will be able to stand in the east of the world in the near future!
recommended article
- About the reform of the personnel system of public institutions in Chongqing
- Northeast Education Investigation Report
- Agricultural technology exchanges and cooperation visits to the Philippines
- Study report on the study in the six cities of Zhenjiang and Changzhou—
- Report on the investigation of XXX comrades teachers
- Thoughts on the Reform of Education System——Private Education
- Shanghai, Jiangsu, Henan, and other schools
- Reference and reflection - education report
- Ye Xin, Tongqi Expressway Investigation Report
- Xinjiang Jiwu Project Investigation Report
- Jiangsu Nantong General Education Investigation Report
- Investigation Report on Investment Promotion in Xiantao City
popular articles
- Give the teacher 2019
- Gansu Basic Education Project Investigation Report
- Study report on the study in the six cities of Zhenjiang and Changzhou—
- Investigation Report on the Management of High-rise Buildings in the United States
- Honesty and good words
- Praying the mother's famous words
- Sentence of life
- a famous saying of adversity
- Xinjiang Jiwu Project Investigation Report
- a good saying that loves labor
- Participle phrase
- Grasp the opportunity
- Australia, New Zealand Tourism Study Report
- Hong Kong Garbage Collection Station and Equipment Investigation Report
- School study report
- Deng Xiaoping's famous sayings
- English four-level composition omnipotent sentence
- Modest and famous sayings
- Lincoln's famous sayings
- English joint test composition omnipotent sentence
- Branch inspection on the issue of xxx comrades turning positive
- Cherish the time of the famous sayings
- a famous saying in the face of difficulties
- Investigation report on investment promotion in Shanghai
- The most common words of Satay
- Latest praise to the teacher
- Encouraging words 2019
- Investigation Report on the Development of Red Tourism in Jiangxi Province
- Sentences describing mental activities
- The most sad sentence 2019