Outline writing and essay

Outline writing

The outline is used in the work, especially in the current era, people are very busy, sometimes writing materials, do not write the full text, only write a body program, can save a lot of time, therefore, should learn to outline writing.
〖Style concept〗
The outline is a summary written material. It does not require that all the contents of the full text be written out, and only those main contents, outlines, and outlines can be written. In today's time when the time is extremely precious, such styles have unlimited vitality.
Scope of use
The outline is used for reporting, conveying the spirit of the meeting and speaking. Because in some cases, the materials are very complicated and specific, and I am very familiar with them. These specific materials are all in my mind. I don’t need to write them one by one. I can only use the outlines to drive the useful materials. . In this case, the outline is used. Not all files can be replaced in the form of an outline. It is a style used in a specific situation and a specific venue.
Classification situation
The outline, according to its use, can be divided into report outline, Weida outline, speech outline and writing outline.
The outline of the report is a kind of written material used by the higher-level leading organs to report their work. The reporters write the outlines of the questions to the leaders, peers or subordinates according to the outlines in the outline and the specific materials remembered in the mind. a kind of writing material.
The writing outline is a kind of writing material that writes the main points of the article or the work, and sometimes the important materials and outlines before the actual writing. The writing outline is not in the scope of official documents, so it is not specifically described.
〖main feature〗
The outline can be divided into the outline of the report, the outline of the communication, and the outline of the speech. Its basic characteristics are its outline and organization. The so-called outline, that is, the outlines and points of the speeches that are reported and conveyed, are written in outlines, and the full text is not written in the material. Therefore, the "outline" and "points" should be highlighted in the writing. Four words. Just like the thread of the net. The so-called rationality, that is, this kind of written material should be particularly clear, and there are several major problems. Each question is divided into several small points. After reading it, it is clear at a glance, and the eyebrows are clear. Otherwise, it loses the role of writing an outline.
〖Article structure〗
The basic notation of the outline, whichever is the same, generally has a title, a preface, a subject, and a conclusion. Just the title is more free, more flexible, and more casual than the usual documents. The main body is also different because of the outline, there are some differences, and the conclusion can be long or short. The following is a brief description of the various outline structures.
Report Outline. The title is often written in the "Report Outline on xxx Work." Or use the subtitles to supplement and limit, that is, write the "report outline" on "work on xxx".
The main body generally writes basic information, experience, problems, and future plans. It is generally consistent with the basic content of the work summary.
Conclusion. Generally, please lead the criticism and the like.
Communicate the outline. The title is "Communication Outline of the XX Conference." The main body writes “the general situation of the meeting, the typical experience of the basic spiritual meeting of the meeting, the problems solved by the meeting, and the opinions of the spirit of the meeting. If you do not introduce the typical experience, you can of course not say it. Conclusion, it is stated that “the above is the main spirit of this meeting, If it is inconsistent with the spirit of the full text, I am responsible for it; or write "The above is the basic spirit of the meeting, the inaccurate place, the meeting file shall prevail".
Speech outline. The title is written "on the outline of the trip at the xxx conference" or the title of the article is drafted. The text begins with the beginning of the speech, and then the main content listed, in the form of a size heading, or the main content is written, and finally the ending.

The writing of the speech outline can be simple and versatile. The simplest outline is only a few dozen or a few hundred words, or even tens of thousands of words. This can be based on the actual situation and habits of each traveler. In short, it does not have too many bars and has little binding force.

〖Example analysis〗

Example 1

Outline of the report on the implementation of the term of the chairman of the trade union

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee, our factory has conscientiously implemented the CCP's decision on economic system reform and implemented the target responsibility system for the director and secretary. In May of last year, the Municipal Machinery and Metallurgical Industry Trade Union began to implement the target responsibility system for the chairman of the trade union and signed a contract with us. In this way, the chairman of the trade union is matched with the director and secretary of the term of office, and the work of the trade union is strengthened from the system to the measures, so that the quality of the enterprise is continuously improved, and the work of the factory is developing in the reform. In the process of implementing the term of office of the president of the trade union. We have mainly grasped three key links: raising awareness, formulating measures and checking and evaluating.
First, analyze the status quo and recognize the importance of implementing the target responsibility system of the chairman of the trade union.
At the beginning of the signing of the target contract with the mechanical metallurgical industry union, individual trade union cadres did not understand this. In this regard, we have made a serious analysis and believe that some cadres do not understand the implementation of the term of the presidency of the trade union. The main reason is that the relationship between the director and the secretary’s term of office and the goal of the chairman of the trade union is not clarified, and the “integration” reform Relationship with the chairman's term of office. In order to solve this problem, we have done some work to make everyone's understanding greatly improved. Everyone realizes that only under the premise of reforming the content of work, can we give full play to the role of formal reforms, achieve the goal of reducing levels, avoid duplication, and improve efficiency, and reflect the term of the union president’s term of office, which is the goal of the union’s struggle. It is an important part of the work of the trade union. At the same time, the implementation of the target responsibility system of the presidency of the trade unions can also promote the union president to enhance the sense of responsibility and ensure the completion of the work tasks of the trade unions. The understanding was clear, and everyone deeply felt that it is imperative to implement the target responsibility system of the chairman of the trade union.
Second, the implementation of layers, strict assessment, is to ensure the implementation of the two key layers of the realization of the goal, that is, the responsibility of the decomposition of the target layer to the people. Each trade union cadre has its own clear division of labor, and each specific target has a special person responsible for inspection. It has been carried out from the top to the bottom, and the bottom-up layer guarantees a strict organizational system.
Strict assessment is to strengthen management and implement assessment data.
We also conduct a rigorous assessment of the implementation of the target at two levels. First, the working committees of the factory trade unions respectively assessed the committees of the branch committees, and the factory unions' offices concentrated and balanced the assessments.
Third, in the process of the term of office of the chairman of the trade union, we deeply felt that the target responsibility system has a great impetus to the strengthening of the trade union work. It is a major reform of the trade union work, mainly reflected in the following three aspects:
The work of trade unions was targeted and democratic management was significantly strengthened.
Implement the responsibility system for the chairmanship of the trade union. The work of the trade union has achieved the goal of making the "soft task" of democratic management. In the democratic management, we have tried to use eight new forms of democratic management to achieve "two rationalizations" and "three improvements."
"Two straightenings": First, rationalize the relationship between factories, workshops, and teams; second, rationalize the relationship between the working committees of the trade unions.
"Three Improvements": the improvement of the political quality of trade union cadres, the improvement of the quality of employee representatives and the improvement of the management level of the team.
The management is stylized, the trade union work has a new improvement, the chairman's term of office is decomposed at different levels, and the responsibility is to the people. Under the overall goal, each has its own specific objectives, strict responsibilities, mutual relations, and management stylization.

"1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6"

The trade union is the organization of the workers' own people and the link and bridge between the party and the workers. It is an important duty of the trade union organization to care for the lives of the employees and send the warmth of the party to the hearts of the employees. In the past year, the trade unions at all levels of our factory have fully mobilized the enthusiasm of the majority of trade union cadres and activists, consciously speaking for the employees, solving problems and doing a lot of good things.
The assessment data was carried out and various activities were vigorously carried out.
Our assessment of the implementation of the target will be carried out in a data-based manner and a percentage assessment competition will be launched. Through the general solicitation of opinions, the score criteria for specific targets are determined and passed through the epistemology of the Trade Union Committee and distributed to various work and branches. The trade union office set up the assessment competition board, and the assessment scores were on the board. The overall goal of the union is set at a percentage, which is one to ten points above the target. The quantitative indicators are proposed for each specific work. Each indicator is assessed by the scoring method, and the super-indicators are added; the scores of the indicators are not reached. The assessment of data has promoted the development of various activities of the trade unions.

1. Carry out "four activities": carry out "six kinds of education" and promote "six spirits" to achieve "six rates."
2. Carry out socialist competition and promote production development.
3. Vigorously carry out technical association activities. Continuously improve the economic efficiency of the factory.
The implementation of the term of the presidency of the trade union has made the work of the trade unions of our factory a big step on the basis of the original. Some achievements have been made, but there are also some problems. Many implementation measures are still in the initial stage of exploration and exploration. As far as the whole factory is concerned, the work of the trade unions is not balanced. The basic work of individual branches is not solid enough, and the work situation has not been fully opened. In particular, the rationalization of the proposed activities, due to the involvement of the relevant administrative departments, and poor coordination, resulting in the rationalization of the other party's adoption rate is not high, hindering the enthusiasm and creativity of employees. We are actively exploring and are determined to learn from the good experiences of our sister companies, overcome shortcomings in future work practices, and move toward new goals on the basis of target assessment.
Next year, we must conscientiously implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session, work hard to strengthen labor discipline and cultivate professional ethics; work in the country around the enterprise center, support the factory manager responsibility system, and enhance the sense of responsibility of employees; The three regulations "strengthen the concept of commodity economy, reform and innovation, and further strengthen the work of the trade unions themselves, so that the work of the trade unions has made new and greater progress.
This outline of the report is based on the report materials. There are many raw materials, vivid examples, statistics and so on. All the outlines were drafted and deleted. Although the outline of the report is short, the basic views, main practices and basic experience of raw materials are reflected. And the level is clear and the structure is rigorous. The body of the report outline consists of three parts: the preface, the main body and the conclusion. The foreword to write the basic situation specifically introduced three experiences; one is to talk about knowledge, the second is to talk about the key; the third is to talk about experience. The conclusion pointed out the shortcomings and expressed the determination to work in the future.

Example 2

Using Marx to manage the duality of ideas and guide us to achieve management modernization

Outline of speeches at the symposium on business management modernization

First quarter

First, the importance of achieving management modernization

The Party Central Committee called on us to create a new situation of socialist modernization. The Twelfth Party of the Party formulated the strategic goals not to be reached this century. To achieve socialist modernization, management modernization is inseparable.
We are implementing the eight-character policy of adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. In theory, these tasks are all aimed at further improving the socialist production relations and developing productivity at a high speed.

[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Productivity includes three material elements, namely laborers, labor tools and labor objects; it also includes two non-material elements, namely science and technology and management. The characteristics of science and technology must be embodied in the three material elements to become the reality of productivity; management is the rational organization of the three material elements, which is contrary to science and technology, not reflected in the three elements, but the three elements stand up. Organization is good, one plus one will wait for three; organization is not good, one plus one will wait for zero or negative. It can be said that the three material elements must be managed and organized to become reality and social productivity.
Scholars all over the world have acknowledged that the development of the economy requires two wheels: science and technology and management. I think management has a more important role. Science and technology can raise the level of the three elements of productivity, but these elements are so high that they cannot function without being organized.
Management is not static. It develops with the development of economy and technology. Therefore, the realization of the four modernizations will inevitably require the corresponding management modernization. The world is now facing a new technological revolution, which poses a more serious task for our socialist modernization. However, world history proves that backward countries tend to come later and become the center of technology and economy in the world. Will the technology and economic center of the 21st century turn to China? I think it is entirely possible. We must have this ambition and realize this ambition. We must rely on reforming the economic system to further improve the socialist system and liberate the productive forces. Second, we must rely on the modernization of production technology and modernization of management to improve production levels. To this end, we must promote management modernization as a major strategic task.

Second, Marx's doctrine of management with duality is an important guiding ideology for us to realize management modernization.

There is a variety of different interpretations of management modernization, and awareness is gradually developed. To understand what management modernization is, you must first understand what management is.
What is management, there are also a variety of different explanations: management analysis into three functions, five functions and so on. In summary, I think the function of management is organization. What is worth analyzing is what is organized? This involves Marx's doctrine of managing duality.
When Marx analyzed the nature of capitalist enterprise management, he pointed out that the content of management has duality. He said: "Where the direct production process has the form of social integration process, rather than the place where the independent producers are isolated labor, it will inevitably produce Supervise labor and direct labor. But it is dualistic.
On the one hand, where there are many individuals who collaborate in labor, the connection and unification of the process must be manifested in the will of a command, just as a band must have a command. This is a kind of productive labor, which is the labor that must be carried out in every combined production mode.
On the other hand – completely aside from the commercial sector – it is built on the opposite production method between the laborer as a direct producer and the owner of the means of production. This kind of supervision labor will inevitably occur. The more serious this confrontation is, the greater the role of such supervised labor."
The duality that Marx said here is the management function of people's collective collaborative labor. He generalizes this function as "supervision." It embodies a certain production relationship. Under the capitalist system, it plays a role in maintaining the relationship of capitalist exploitation.
These words of Marx show that the functions of management are not only the problem of rational organization of productivity, but also the direct connection with people's production methods. The basis of the former is the law of nature, without sociality and class nature; the latter is based on the economic system and the production relationship, which is social and class.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Socialist enterprises also need to produce and exchange goods. The labor process is not only the process of creating value, but also the process of creating value. The essence of value is the embodiment of the relationship of production. So it still has duality.
According to this theory, we must make some analysis on how to achieve management modernization.
The modernization we want to achieve is the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Modernization cannot be understood as foreignization. We must work hard to attract and introduce foreign experience that is useful to me, but the management of foreign countries should be analyzed by the duality of management. The management of capitalist countries, whether traditional or modern, must be as dual as Marx said. Therefore, we must analyze when we introduce it.
It should be acknowledged that we are generally backward in management. But to analyze, in what way is it behind? Mainly behind the productivity organization. As for the relationship between production relations and social systems, is it also behind? For example, in the distribution system, we implement distribution according to work. No matter how many imperfect places exist, the system as a whole is ahead of history. How can it be said that it is behind the capitalist wage system?
However, we are lagging behind in many aspects of the organization of productivity, including management organization, management methods, and management methods. In addition to our own experience of creating ourselves, we need to learn from the capitalist countries. Some management contents of capitalist enterprises, although with capitalist characteristics, can be used for reference by methods of choice and transformation. Therefore, there is a problem of socialization.
Some management methods, when introduced, must consider national conditions and factory conditions, and completely copying is not necessarily practical; second, we must combine learning, reform, and creation to create modern management with Chinese characteristics. This is the problem of Chineseization. .
I very much agree with the four words that Comrade Yuan Baocheng has summarized from the experience of foreign management, that is, "I am the mainstay, learn from others, integrate and refine, and become a family."

3. Establish a socialist and modern enterprise management system with Chinese characteristics

There are many contents of enterprise management, and there are many modern management experiences that foreign countries can learn from. In the past few years, we have started to promote total quality management. Under the advocacy and promotion of the State Economic Commission, the Enterprise Management Association, and the Management Modernization Research Association, we have begun to combine the introduction of foreign management experience with China's practice. Many companies have combined their own realities and applied promotion to achieve gratifying achievements. However, how can we “make ourselves a family” by learning from others, integrating and refining? I believe that our nation is a nation that has always been good at business management. In the social system, we are ahead of history. We are now in an era of great change. After a long period of hard work, we will be able to establish a socialist management system with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to form a management school in China. This school is not founded by individuals. It must be formed by the collective efforts of the Chinese theoretical and practical departments. Therefore, it is the "Chinese management school". We must have this ambition. But this matter should begin to practice and form from today, not to the day when it suddenly appears.

I think that in recent years, we have carried out institutional reforms and corporate rectification. At the same time, we have carried out a lot of practice in management modernization. A rough enterprise management system has been formed. This system is summarized as "one system, four systems."
"One system", that is, there is democracy, and there is a centralized enterprise leadership system, which embodies the socialist characteristics of the working people as the masters.
“Four Totals” is a comprehensive management of “Comprehensive Planning Management” with the goal of completing national plans and achieving business decision-making; “Comprehensive Technology and Quality Management” with the goal of technological progress and product development; “Comprehensive economic accounting” with the goal of reducing consumption and improving economic efficiency; “Comprehensive personnel labor management” with the goal of improving employee motivation and talent development.
The so-called "comprehensive" management is the management of the whole plant, the whole process, and the whole staff. That is system management. Among the "four comprehensives", "comprehensive project management" is the most comprehensive system management, and is also the target management of enterprises. “Comprehensive technology and quality management” is managed and controlled from the perspective of use value to play a positive role. These three subsystems, two pairs of objects, one pair of people, and unified by the comprehensive project management, form a complete enterprise management system.
To realize management modernization, we must learn from and introduce all foreign management theories and methods that are useful to me. In the past few years, we have been one-of-a-kind, causing and promoting. This is a process that must be experienced. In the future, we should systematically and systematically absorb foreign experience and theory. To do so, a very important condition is to establish our own management system. With such a system, we can selectively and systematically absorb A variety of useful experiences to comprehensively improve our management.

This is the outline of the speech by Comrade Jiang Yiwei, director of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, at the Symposium on Enterprise Management Modernization. The central content of the outline is to use "Marx's thinking about managing duality and guiding us to achieve management modernization." The issue of the outline of the speech is very important. Its theoretical and practical connotations are extremely rich. It can be said that the flexible use of Marxist economic theory in China's modernization construction is of great importance and far-reaching to guide the current modernization drive. Meaning, but its text is very general and refined, especially fully embodies the characteristics of the outline of the speech. It is only a synopsis of the content of the speech, an outline, the main meaning and the basic spirit are reflected through the outline, but the specific elucidation, detailed explanation, vivid illustrations and a large number of actual materials, etc., are all omitted, so It is very general. It is the bone of a speech. The specific content of his flesh and blood is filled in when he speaks.
Due to the conciseness of the speech outline, it often lacks the transition between paragraphs and paragraphs, and the jump of thinking and expression is relatively large. This is because it omits a lot of content. This outline has this feature.

〖文病问诊〗
Frequent problems in writing outlines are mainly due to improper mastery. We think that the outline only writes a few or only the title, it is too simple, and it doesn't make much sense to write or not. It must be like an outline, so that others can understand the main content, and everything to be written is also written. It is not necessary, and it loses the meaning of writing an outline. Therefore, the outline should be written in a simple and appropriate manner.