University graduate employment preferred survey report

At this time seven years ago, Xiao Sun, a graduate of the XX session, was in the middle of two choices: one was the highest-educational program in China's journalism major, the self-financed graduate student of the NPC School of Journalism, and the official staff of the China Youth Daily. After months of painful choices, she gave up her chance to come to China Youth Daily to report. "The main reason is self-funded. I have 30,000 yuan in three years. I think it’s still a good idea. Besides, the job chance of Zhongqing Daily is very good." Today, seven years later, living in a spacious house, driving a private car to work. Xiao Sun has no regrets when he chose. "It was much easier for us to find a job at that time than the current college students. Most of the classmates in our class hold a few offers in one hand. It is difficult for everyone to choose. There are also many students who choose to study. At that time, the higher the degree, the higher the degree. It is an elite."

Time soon arrived in 2019, Xiao Sun’s sister, Xiao Zhou, a 2010 graduate, was deeply anxious about the status quo of sending hundreds of resumes to the sea. “The results of the postgraduate study are still unknown, but even if they are admitted, they are only temporarily suspended. The retreat only happened. The job fair was full of people looking for a job. After four years of study, there was no room for choice at the end. This kind of taste is really uncomfortable."

The situation of Xiao Sun and Xiao Zhou reflects the changes in the employment situation and employment mentality of college students over the past few years. From XX to XX, it is precisely the seven years in which Chinese higher education has entered the era of popularization from elite education and the employment pressure of college students has increased year by year. In the past seven years, vocabulary such as "marketization", "popularization", "basic employment", "self-employment" and "ordinary laborers" have entered the ears of people. The employment situation of college students has undergone tremendous changes, and the elite status of college students has been Completely subverted.

In XX, XX, and XX years, the editorial department of the journal conducted three rounds of large-scale surveys on the employment of college students across the country, in order to understand the development trend of college students' employment mentality. From the elite mentality, to the fierce conflict between elite complex and popular employment, to the reality of universal acceptance of the popularization, the results of the three surveys reflect the profound impact of the changes in the employment situation of Chinese college students in the past seven years on the employment mentality of college students.

At the end of XX, the results of the survey on the employment of the 2010 graduates were released. Compared with the previous two surveys, the 2010 graduates have a distinct feature in the employment mentality: they have accepted the reality of mass employment, in their In the past, the elite employment consciousness of “senior people” has become less and less common, and the pragmatism of job hunting has been significantly enhanced. However, accepting reality does not mean helplessness and compromise. They have learned to actively adapt to society, draw closer to their own society, and take the initiative to adapt to the new employment situation with more diversified choices.

Huawei, ibm, China Mobile, Sinopec... The preferred companies reflect the most profound memory of college students' employment choices for many companies, namely psychological share. The 2010 graduates are still interested in these well-known big companies and big companies, but the changes are obvious: in the XX survey results, the ratio of foreign-related enterprises to domestic enterprises is 27:25. Among the top ten companies, domestic companies only Haier, Huawei and Lenovo; in XX, the ratio is 24:21. Among the top ten enterprises, the number of domestic enterprises has risen to five. In the survey of 2010 graduates, the top 50 preferred companies accounted for 31 domestic companies, the number of which exceeded the foreign companies for the first time, and the number of Chinese companies in the top ten enterprises continued to rise to six. The change in numbers reflects the change in college students' job-seeking mentality, and the reflection behind it is the changes in the social environment and employment situation.

"Remember that when I first entered college, my brother and sister told me the best thing to do was to learn English well. When I was looking for a job, I had the opportunity to go to a foreign company." Ms. Zhang, who attended college in 1998, recalled the situation of the year. At that time, for the students who were employed, foreign companies could be said to be the only star that attracted attention. “Entering foreign companies means having broad development opportunities, generous income, superior working environment, and relatively simple interpersonal relationships...” But only university students who are elites are eligible to work in foreign companies, and foreign companies have become A distinction between the elite and the employment of ordinary people. Becoming a foreign-owned white-collar worker is a dream for many girls. On the other hand, at that time, domestic enterprises, private enterprises were underdeveloped, state-owned enterprises were "old-fashioned", and the employment traditions, backward management methods, and complex interpersonal relationships of the seniority all became the obstacles to talent entry.

With the development of China's economy and society, the private economy has entered a new period of development. The data shows that in XX, the proportion of China's private economy in the secondary and tertiary industries exceeded 82%, the added value of the general private economy accounted for about 66% of gdp, and the growth rate of private economy employment was 0.5 percentage points higher than the whole society. A number of private star enterprises have emerged, and the attractiveness of private enterprises to talents has gradually increased. At this time, the concept of elite employment is being severely challenged. In XX, the first batch of graduates after the expansion of higher education entered the job market. The information they reported back to the campus was not optimistic, and the employment of college students was cold for the first time. Under this situation, college students' expectations for their job search are gradually decreasing. In the pain of the elite complex and the popular employment transition, many people have begun to actively or passively accept the reality of mass employment. According to the XX survey, about 30% of college students think that their job search process is difficult and difficult, and less than 20% of college students think that the job search process is easier and easier. In the evaluation of their job-seeking competitiveness, nearly half of college students think that their job-seeking competitiveness is general, which is far from the previous society's "elite" positioning of college students.

With the deepening of state-owned enterprise reform, state-owned enterprises have gradually realized the importance of talents in recent years. The employment environment and employment mechanism of state-owned enterprises are gradually improving. Some large state-owned enterprises have experienced the test of the market economy and are based on the market. They not only develop economically, but also mature in various mechanisms such as employment, compensation and management, and attract more attention from college students. In addition, the high welfare and relative stability of state-owned enterprises are becoming more and more important for college birthdays in the difficult employment situation. In contrast, due to the deepening of localization and competitive pressure, the gap between foreign companies in terms of development space, remuneration and other aspects and state-owned enterprises has gradually narrowed. Xiao Lu, a 2010 graduate, had already received an offer from a foreign-invested company a year ago, but he was looking forward to a stable and developmental job when he got off work from the company every night. "Although foreign companies have high incomes, they are too strong in work and have no space for themselves. It is not suitable for me."

In fact, as the survey shows, with the advent of the era of mass employment, the balance of choice between many foreign-invested companies and domestic companies is gradually leaning. In the past, I wanted to go to a foreign company more than a kind of elite complex. From the perspective of career development, I chose the ideal color and heroism between the choices. After years of hard work and the enthusiasm of the employment concept, many people faded. The idealized color, the choice is more rational and pragmatic, obviously, the popular employment has penetrated into their hearts.

Another survey result, the analysis of corporate attractiveness, illustrates this. In XX, the top three rankings of enterprises for college students are: development potential, international trend and popularity, then salary and benefits, incentives, training opportunities, and the results of the XX year survey show that college students still Personal development opportunities are placed first, followed by compensation and benefits, training opportunities, and the degree of internationalization and fame is significantly lower than that of XX. This shows that today's college students are becoming more pragmatic in their employment choices, and their elite consciousness and ideal color are getting weaker.

In addition, the changes in the employment situation have greatly reduced the opportunities for more college students to choose, and they have more choices for a stable job. Different from the previous two surveys, the survey of 2010 graduates first added a government agency to the industry survey. The survey showed that 7% of college students chose this option, and in the industry attractiveness analysis, choose “ The proportion of college students who are stable is 9%. College students who are increasingly in the middle of being selected because they are losing their choices are becoming more pragmatic and utilitarian.

Difficult choices of "big" and "small"

Where do you work after graduation? In this regard, the results of the three surveys are similar. In the XX preferred employment area survey, 32.37% of college students ranked Shanghai as the first employment target, followed by Beijing and Shenzhen. In XX, Shanghai and Beijing were still the preferred areas for employment of college students, while the eastern coastal areas with rapid economic development surpassed Guangzhou and Shenzhen, ranking third. In the survey of 2010 graduates, Beijing became the first choice for employment, and the eastern coastal economically developed regions rose to the second place. The change of data reflects the status quo of China's regional economic development. The rapid development of the economy in the eastern coastal areas is gradually increasing the attraction of college students. Preferred area for job hunting:

However, careful observation and analysis of the results of the three surveys is not difficult to find the "small differences" that exist in the middle of "Datong", and these "small differences" reflect the subtle changes in the employment mentality of college students in recent years.

In the XX and XX years of the survey, one of the job-seeking secondary areas was added. The eastern coastal areas are the best alternative for graduates when they are looking for jobs in large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In the XX year survey, the central and large cities in the central region ranked significantly higher in the secondary elections. This shows that today's college students are more diversified in geographical selection, which is more in line with the employment reality.

“Now the students are going home to find jobs more than in the past,” said a college employment guidance center teacher. "In the same year, our class did not stay in Beijing for three students, and they were in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Guangzhou." Ms. Zhang, a XX graduate, told the reporter. Ms. Zhang’s middle school classmates mostly work in their hometowns. Every time she goes home, she always feels a lot: “You see them, life is really much more moisturized than me. I’m just a good guy, working in Beijing, but in fact it’s true. Very tired, working place is far away, the house is expensive." There is a lot of regret in the words. "I also want to understand that for a girl like me, there is no need to work in Beijing. It is not bad to go back to my hometown to find a stable job." Xiao Zhao, a 2010 graduate.

Although it is a minority, the emergence of these voices is a new choice for college students in the difficult employment situation in recent years, reflecting the transformation of their employment mentality. Compared with the past “I would rather have a bed in a big city”, more and more college students, especially female college students, regard employment in the capital city of the region or the capital city of their hometown as their choice. Although the city is still chosen, the distance between the big and the small has been reduced.

With the advent of the era of mass employment and the intensification of employment competition in the whole society, the society has proposed the transfer of large cities to grassroots towns and villages. The survey results reflect the changes in attitudes of college students on this issue. In XX, only a small number of college students were willing to accept employment in small towns and township units. Nearly half of college students were forced to accept only when they had no other opportunities, and 30% of college students were unacceptable. In XX years, 80% of college students can accept employment in small towns and township units, and the proportion that is unacceptable is reduced to 20%. This aspect shows that grassroots employment has become an option for college students' employment. Faced with the popular employment situation, some college students have begun to adjust their mentality, and grassroots employment will play a key role in solving the employment problem of college students. For a small number of university students who are determined not to accept grassroots employment, the government and society are more responsible for guiding, and more importantly, they need to gradually improve the relevant supporting policies for grassroots employment, so that the grassroots can become a very attractive employment point.

The game of "more" and "less"

The issue of salary has always been a hot issue in the employment of college students. The analysis of the attractiveness of the three surveys, salary and welfare has always been an important reason for attracting college students to choose this enterprise. The XX survey shows that the average salary line for college students seeking employment is 2244.6, and the year XX is 2390.38. In the survey of 2010 graduates, 67% of college students choose between 4,000 yuan and 1,500 yuan, 54% of students choose