Yellow River

The Yellow River, China's second largest river. It originated from the Guzongli Basin in the north of Bayankala Mountain in Qinghai Plateau. It flows eastward, crosses the Loess Plateau and the Huanghuaihai Plain, and is injected into the Bohai Sea. The total length of the main stream is 5,464 kilometers, and the water surface falls by 4,480 meters. The total area of ​​the basin is 795,000 square kilometers.

According to the history of geological evolution, the Yellow River is a relatively young river. In the late Pleistocene, which was 1.15 million years ago, there are only a few interconnected lake basins in the basin, each forming an independent inland water system. Since then, with the rise of the western plateau, the river has been eroded and raided. After 1.05 million years of the Middle Pleistocene, the lakes and lakes gradually connected to form the prototype of the Yellow River water system. In the late Pleistocene between 100,000 and 10,000 years ago, the Yellow River gradually evolved into a large river that runs from the source of the river to the mouth of the sea.

Due to the large amount of sediment in the flood of the Yellow River, it quickly deposited after entering the lower plains. The mainstream wandered in the floodplain. People began to build floodwaters to prevent floods. The flood channel continued to accumulate and rise, becoming a “ground river” higher than the two sides. Under certain conditions. The next step is to overflow and change the way. The intensity of the migration of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is unique in the world. According to written records, the Yellow River has been diverted several times. The scope of the river course changes from the vicinity of Zhengzhou in the west to Tianjin in the north and Jianghuai in the south, with a width of 250,000 square kilometers. During the more than 1,700 years of Zhou Dingwang's five years to the Southern Song Dynasty, the migration of the Yellow River was mostly in the north of the current river channel, invading the Haihe River system and flowing into the Bohai Sea. During the 700 years from 1128 to 1855, the Yellow River diverted and swayed in the south of the current river course, invading the Huaihe River system and flowing into the Yellow Sea. In 1855, after the Yellow River broke through the head of the Lankao East in Henan, it changed its current river course and took the Daqing River in Shandong into the Bohai Sea. Due to the continuous changes and changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the changes in transgression and retreat, the length of the river channel and the drainage area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River are also constantly changing. This is one of the prominent features of the Yellow River unlike other rivers. In ancient times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River had a mild climate and abundant rainfall, which was suitable for primitive human survival. The alluvial plains of the Loess Plateau and the Yellow River are loose and easy to colonize, which is suitable for the development of primitive agriculture and animal husbandry. The characteristics of the loess are conducive to the ancestors burrowing and gathering. The special natural geographical environment provides better conditions for the development of ancient Chinese civilization. As early as 1.1 million years ago, "Lantian people" lived in the Yellow River Basin. There are also "Dayu people", "Dingcun people", "Hetao people" and so on in the basin to live and multiply. A large number of ancient cultural sites such as Yangshao Culture, Majiayao Culture, Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture are scattered throughout the river. These ancient cultural relics are not only numerous in number and type, but also continue to develop from far to near, systematically showing the development process of ancient Chinese civilization.

As early as 6,000 years ago, farming activities began to appear in the basin. About 4,000 years ago, some blood clan tribes were formed in the basin, among which the two tribes of Yandi and Huangdi were the most powerful. Later, the Yellow Emperor gained the status of a lord and merged with other tribes to form a "Huaxia." Later generations regarded the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. In the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, there was the Huangdi Palace in Xinzheng City, Henan Province. In Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, there were Huangdi Mausoleum. The descendants of the Yellow Emperor around the world regarded the Yellow River Basin as the cradle of the Chinese nation. The Yellow River is called the "Mother River", which is the "four ancestors", and regards the Yellow Land as its "root".

From the beginning of the Xia Dynasty in the 21st century BC, in the historical period of more than 4,000 years, the dynasties of the dynasties in the Yellow River Basin have lasted for more than 3,000 years. In the history of China, the “seven ancient capitals” include Anyang, Xi’an, Luoyang and Kaifeng in the Yellow River Basin and adjacent areas. The large amount of Oracle that remains in Yindu has created a precedent for Chinese writing. Xi'an, from the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Tang Dynasties, has 13 dynasties to build capital. It has a history of thousands of years and is a famous "eight water emperors". After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved to Luoyang, the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Sui, Tang, Houliang, and Zhou Dynasty had all built dynasties in Luoyang. It lasted for more than 900 years and was known as the “National Capital of the Nine Dynasty”. Kaifeng, located on the south bank of the Yellow River, was called the Liangliang in the ancient times. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Hui Wang moved to the Daliang, and the Northern Song Dynasty built the capital here. It lasted for more than 200 years. In a long historical period, China's political, economic, and cultural centers have been in the Yellow River Basin. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the earliest areas in the development of science, technology, literature and art in the country. Around 2000 BC, bronze wares appeared in the basin, and the bronze smelting technology in the Shang Dynasty reached a very high level. At the same time, iron smelting began to appear, marking the development of productivity to a new stage. The series of iron shovel and iron axe unearthed in Luoyang indicate that China has developed cast iron softening technology for more than 2,000 years earlier than European countries. The "four great inventions" in ancient China - papermaking, movable type printing, compass, gunpowder, were all produced in the Yellow River Basin. From the Book of Songs to a large number of literary classics such as Tang poetry and Song poetry, as well as a large number of cultural classics, they are also produced here. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the national economic center of gravity gradually shifted to the south, but in the process of China's political, economic, and cultural development, the Yellow River Basin and the lower reaches of the Yellow River are still in an important position. The long history of the Yellow River Basin has left a very precious legacy for the Chinese nation, leaving countless places of interest and monuments, and is the pride of our nation.

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Governing the Yellow River and building water conservancy has a long history. The earliest irrigation project in China, the first to promote the Dianchi Lake in the Yellow River Basin, the "Book of Songs" contains the record of "the north of the Dianchi Lake, dip in the rice field."

In the early days of the Warring States period, large-scale water diversion irrigation projects began to appear in the Yellow River Basin. In 422 BC, the West Gate Leopard was a decree. At that time, a diversion channel was built on the Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, to irrigate the farmland. In 246 BC, Qin built Zheng Guoqu in Shaanxi Province, and the water from the river was used to irrigate more than 40,000 hectares of “Zhedu”. “There is no wilderness in Guanzhong, no evil years, Qin is rich and strong, and he is a prince.” He played an important role in Qin's unification of China.

The Han Dynasty paid more attention to farmland water conservancy, built six auxiliary channels and white canals, expanded the irrigation area of ​​Zheng Guoqu, and built Chengguo Canal and Lingyu Canal on the Weihe River. The Guanzhong area became the earliest economic zone in the country.

In order to consolidate Bentham, the Qin and Han dynasties began to implement the border policy. In the Lishui River Basin and along the Yellow River, the Ningmeng Hetao Plain and other places, the canal was flooded, and the vast desert became a green state, winning the "southern Jiangnan". Praise.

In order to ensure the supply of Kyoto, such as Chang'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng, the history of water transport development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is also very long.

The achievements of Dagu's water control include the governance of the Yellow River, the up and down of the river, and the “Shengong” that is almost everywhere. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the documentary of the river was gradually increased, and a large amount of precious historical materials were retained.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, dikes were generally built in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In 651 BC, Qi Qigong, one of the five hechus of the Spring and Autumn Period, "the princes in Kuiqiu" proposed a ban on "no war prevention" to resolve disputes over the construction of dikes between the vassal states. In the long historical period afterwards, along with the frequent reversal of the Yellow River, the defense of the Yellow River floods has become a major event in the dynasties of the past dynasties, investing a lot of manpower and financial resources, constantly blocking and repairing. During the Western Han Dynasty, there were official posts such as “river embankers” and “river embankers”. The officers along the river county had the responsibility of defending the river embankment, and full-time defensive river embankment personnel, about thousands of people, “the river ten counties” The river defense project has reached a considerable scale. According to the "Han Ditch", the Qishuikou has been up and down, the Yellow River has become "the river on the ground", the embankment is "high four or five feet", and the embankment is also very high. In the "Historical Records of Hequ", in the 109th BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered "Yu Ren and Guo Chang to sever tens of thousands of people to fight the scorpion", and the pro-rates went to the scene to participate in the blockage, indicating that the Yellow River occlusion is quite large. engineering. The earliest one-time large-scale river project was recorded in the "Wang Jingzhi River" in the 69th year of the "Yongping River" in the year of Yongping, "Ten-years of Yongping, and the repair of the canal", "hundreds of thousands of people who died and sent to the embankment and Wang Wuxiu to build a embankment. To thousands of miles in Haikou." "Yongping thirteenth summer and April, 汴 成 成 诏曰 诏曰 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今 今. "While the scenery saves the service fee, it is still worth tens of billions." The south of the Yellow River was invaded, and the bad luck of the canal was restored, and good results were achieved.

Kaifeng was built in the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, the Yellow River was seriously affected. The Song Dynasty attached great importance to the governance of the river. It set up a water permit with a large permit, and specialized in river management. Local officials along the river paid attention to the river and set up river embankment judgments in various states. Specializing in river affairs, the court is a minister, and more involved in the dispute over the river. The problem of river management during this period has caused many people to explore, deepen the understanding of the Yellow River and the water situation, and the river engineering technology has made great progress. In particular, Wang Anshi presided over the development of mechanical rivers, diversion of the Yellow River, and the development of silt irrigation. There are many innovations in the technology of treating yellow.

After the Ming Dynasty, with the development of social economy and the resilience of the Yellow River, the court paid more attention to river management and the river management institutions were gradually completed. In the Ming Dynasty, the river was governed by the Ministry of Industry, and the Prime Minister’s river was directly responsible. After the Prime Minister’s river channel and the admiral’s military title, the army could be directly commanded, and the following local bureaucrats in the provinces along the river also had the responsibility of managing the river, gradually strengthening the downstream. Unified management of river affairs. The Governor of the Rivers in the Qing Dynasty had greater permission and was directly assigned to the court. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the river management industry has developed greatly, and the dike maintenance and management and maintenance technologies have made great progress. A group of effective river management experts represented by Pan Jiong and Yu Fu have emerged. During the end of the Qing Dynasty and during the Republic of China, the war was raging, the national government was declining, and the river was also stagnant. In the modern times, water conservancy experts represented by Li Yizhen and Zhang Hanying vigorously advocated the introduction of advanced western technology and studied the strategy of comprehensively managing the Yellow River. However, due to the constraints of social cooperation, it is difficult to make achievements.

Throughout the history of the Yellow River, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the so-called river governance was actually confined to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and it was mainly to passively defend against floods. However, the long history of river management has left a vast literature list, which is rare for other rivers in the world. It is a precious heritage and worthy of further study.

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Since 1946, the Communist Party of China has led the people to govern the Yellow River, and the Yellow Book of History has opened a new chapter.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the party and state leaders were very concerned about the cause of the Yellow River. In October 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong visited Beijing for the first time. The first step was to inspect the Yellow River and made many important instructions. He said: "We must do a good job in the Yellow River." Afterwards, I heard many reports on the work of treating the Yellow River. The work of treating the Yellow River made important instructions. In 1964, he was over 70 years old, and he repeatedly proposed to go on foot, go back to the Yellow River source, conduct field trips, and remember to manage and develop the Yellow River. Premier Zhou Enlai is directly leading the work of the Yellow River, from the "anti-Jiangsu Yellow" struggle before 1949 to the preparation of the "Yellow River Comprehensive Utilization Plan" and the construction of the Sanmenxia Project, and the flood fighting in the 1958 Great Flood, etc. The major decisions were almost entirely made by Premier Zhou. Until 1976, he was seriously ill, and he went to the hospital to visit his central leadership to inquire about the situation after the reconstruction of the Sanmenxia project. It was really for the sake of the Yellow River cause.

General Secretary Jiang Zemin and Premier Li Peng and other party and state leaders have also visited the Yellow River on many occasions to listen to the report on the work of the Yellow River and made many important instructions.

In order to do a good job in the governance and development of the Yellow River, on January 25, 1950, the Central People's Government decided that the Yellow River Conservancy Commission was a basin organization, directly under the leadership of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, unified leadership and management of the Yellow River's governance and development, and directly managed the Yellow River. The river defense construction and flood control work in the downstream Henan and Shandong provinces, the Yellow River River Affairs Bureau of the two provinces and the river departments along the rivers, cities and counties are not only the direct units of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, but also the provinces, cities and municipalities. A functional department of the county government, a unique system combining strips and blocks, is conducive to organizing rivers, political parties, military forces, and people to unite rivers, effectively strengthening river defense management, and has played a good role in ensuring flood control of the Yellow River. The role.

The people's governance of the Yellow River began to pay attention to investigation and research, comprehensively understand the Yellow River, pay attention to applying science and technology, do a good job in overall planning, rely on scientific and technological progress, and scientifically cure yellow. As early as the early 1950s, the Yellow Committee and relevant departments organized large-scale survey work and scientific investigations, collecting and sorting out a large amount of basic materials. At the beginning of 1954, the National Planning Commission directly led the relevant departments of the central government and the head of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to form the Yellow River Planning Committee, hired the Soviet expert group, mobilized relevant domestic experts, and concentrated on the preparation of the Yellow River governance development plan. At the end of October 1954, the "Yellow River Comprehensive Utilization Plan" was proposed. After the deliberation and approval of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, it was decided to submit it to the National People's Congress for review and approval. On July 30, 1955, the Second Session of the First National People's Congress passed the "Resolution on Comprehensively Planning the Yellow River Water Damage and Developing the Yellow River Water Conservancy", approved the principles and basic contents of the plan, and instructed the relevant departments to Complete the first phase of governance development.

Compared with many historical Huangzhi strategies, the "Yellow River Comprehensive Utilization Plan" is characterized by the fact that the preparation of this plan is a government act, and the approved plan is the basis for guiding the construction of the Yellow River; the overall management and development of the whole basin is considered; Highlight the principle of comprehensive utilization; control and utilize both water and sand. The plan clearly pointed out: "Our policy for the Yellow River is not to send water and sediment away, but to control and use water and sediment." First, build one on the main stream and tributaries of the Yellow River. The series of barrage and reservoirs, flooding, sand blocking, regulating water volume, power generation, and irrigation. Second, large-scale soil and water conservation work was carried out mainly in the three provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Shanxi. It not only prevents soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches, but also eliminates the root causes of downstream water damage. The plan has comprehensively deployed the main stream project, soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau and irrigation development in the upper, middle and lower reaches, and proposed the construction of the Sanmenxia Reservoir to intercept floods and intercept the sand as soon as possible. The research and preparation of the plan, as well as the formulation of technical measures for governance development, not only took the experience of the previous people in the treatment of yellow, but also adopted the advanced scientific and technological achievements at that time. The approval of the Yellow River Plan by the National People's Congress is a distinctive symbol of the new era of the Yellow River era, and has played an important role in mobilizing the people of the country to care for and support the work of the Yellow River.

With the practice of the Yellow River and the development of science and technology, the work of the Yellow River has experienced the process of practice--------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the process of treating the Yellow River, according to the requirements of economic and social development, some major adjustments were made to the Yellow River management development planning and construction arrangements. In 1984, with the approval of the State Council, the State Planning Commission issued the "Responsible Tasks for the Yellow River Governance Discovery and Revision", requiring a systematic revision of the Yellow River Plan to further promote the governance and development of the Yellow River. Since then, the Yellow Committee has carried out various planning and research work with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provinces and autonomous regions in the basin. Through repeated research and extensive consultation with various parties, the preparation of the Outline of the Yellow River Management Development Plan was completed in early 1996, and In 1997, it was reported to the State Council by the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources. This "planning outline" summarizes the practical experience of the people in the treatment of the Yellow River, uses the new results of scientific research, and proposes the direction and major measures for further development and development of the Yellow River in the future, as well as the construction of the Yellow River before 2019. Arrangement, drawing a new blueprint for the development of the Yellow River cause.

The Party Central Committee, the State Council, and governments at all levels have always attached great importance to and supported the governance of the Yellow River. The construction of major Yellow Rivers into the national economic and social development plan has been implemented in a timely manner, which has effectively promoted the development of the Yellow River.

In the past, the history of river management was mainly to repair the dikes in the lower reaches and to prevent floods. New China’s work in the Yellow River has a qualitative leap than in the past. In the beginning, according to comprehensive planning, overall planning, treating both the symptoms and the root causes, eliminating the harm and benefiting, comprehensively carrying out the management and development of the river basin, and planning the construction of major projects. Relevant departments of the central government, local governments at all levels, and the broad masses of the people and people have joined hands to participate in the Yellow River work and rely on the imperial examination technology to improve the Yellow River. Whether it is the investigation and research on the Yellow River issue or the scale of the Yellow River construction, it is impossible in any era. Comparable. After nearly half a century of construction, the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River have carried out different levels of governance and development, basically forming a flood control project system that combines the upper and lower rows, the two banks are divided into stagnation and venting, and the flood control of Sanmenxia and other tributaries has been completed. The reservoir and the flood storage and detention projects of the North Jindi and Dongping Lakes have strengthened and strengthened the downstream dikes, carried out river regulation, and gradually improved the non-engineering flood control measures. The flood of the Yellow River has been controlled to a certain extent, and the flood control capacity has been significantly improved. Soil and water conservation construction has been carried out extensively in the Loess Plateau in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Biological measures and engineering measures have been used to coordinate the slopes and the ditch and to control the soil erosion. By the end of 1995, a total of 77.55 million mu of basic farmland such as terraced fields, strip fields and ditch dams had been built, a total of 118.2 million mu of forests had been planted, 854 backbones were built, and more than 100,000 silt dams were constructed. There are more than 4 million earth works. In some areas, the production conditions and ecological environment have begun to improve, and the sediment input into the Yellow River has gradually decreased. Relying on these engineering measures and the strict defense of the vast number of military and civilians, the Yellow River Fuqiu Daxie has not experienced floods and floods for 50 consecutive years. It has reversed the sinister situation of the frequent reversal of the Yellow River in history and safeguarded the security and stability of the vast plains of the Huanghuaihai. development of. The water resources of the Yellow River have been well developed and utilized in the upper, middle and lower reaches. 3,147 large, medium and small-sized reservoirs have been built in the basin, with a total storage capacity of 57.4 billion cubic meters and 4,500 water diversion projects. The irrigation area of ​​the Yellow River Basin and the downstream Yellow River irrigation area has grown from 12 million mu in 1950 to 107 million mu in 1995. The river valley in the basin has basically achieved water conservancy, and the Yellow River water supply has also expanded to the Haihe River and Huaihe Plain areas. On the main stream of the Yellow River, the first dam of the Yellow River, Sanmenxia Dam, was started in 1957. Since then, 7 water conservancy projects including Liujiaxia, Longyangxia, Yanguoxia, Bapanxia, ​​Qingtongxia, Sanshenggong and Tianqiao have been built. Hub and hydropower station. At present, Xiaolangdi, Wanjiazhai Water Conservancy and Lijiaxia and Daxia Hydropower Stations are under construction. The main stream project has been built, with a total storage capacity of 56.3 billion cubic meters, generating capacity of more than 9 million kilowatts, and an average annual power generation of 33.6 billion kilowatt hours, accounting for 29% of the hydropower resources available for the Yellow River. These water conservancy and hydropower projects have exerted enormous comprehensive benefits in flood control, flood prevention, reduction of river siltation, irrigation, urban and industrial water supply, power generation, etc., and promoted the economic and social development of the Yellow River region. In the 50 years since the people ruled the Yellow River, the achievements in the elimination of the disaster have been remarkable, and the great achievements that have attracted the attention of the world have been achieved, which fully reflects the superiority of the socialist system.

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The governance and development of the Yellow River is a major event that affects the sustained economic and social development of the country. Governing the Yellow River is another arduous and complicated undertaking that requires long-term unremitting efforts from generation to generation.

Among the great rivers and rivers in the country, the Yellow River has the most arduous task of governance. The Gobi Desert is close to the arid desert in the northwest of the Yellow River Basin. Most of the basin is also arid and semi-arid. There are large deserts and wind-blown areas in the north, high-cold areas in the west, and the world-famous Loess Plateau in the middle. Drought, sand and soil erosion. The disaster is serious and the ecological environment is fragile. According to the current survey and research data, the area of ​​wind erosion in the basin is about 117,000 square kilometers, and the area of ​​hydraulic erosion is about 337,000 square kilometers. It is known as the soil erosion area of ​​454,000 square kilometers. Severe soil erosion has caused the Yellow River to have an average of 1.6 billion tons of sand per year, and the annual maximum amount of sand reached 3.9 billion tons, making it the world's most sedimentary river. A large amount of sediment generated by soil erosion in the upper and middle reaches of the region has been continuously transported to the lower reaches, and the alluvial period of the Huanghuaihai Plain has been shaped during the long historical period. At the same time, the frequent flooding and diversion of the Yellow River has caused huge disasters to the downstream plains. The Yellow River flood threatened and became the affliction of the Chinese nation. Governing the Yellow River is an outpost that prevents desertification from continuing to expand to the southeast. It is a major measure to improve the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau and recreate the beautiful northwestern regions of the mountains and rivers. It is also a fundamental way to eliminate downstream floods and ensure the stable economic and social development of the vast plains.

The Yellow River Basin is also a region with abundant resources and great development potential. The governance and development of the Yellow River is of great significance for ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy and society. The total land area within the Yellow River Basin is 1.19 billion mu, including about 7.9 billion mu of cultivated land, 153 million mu of forest land, 419 million mu of pasture grassland, and about 30 million mu of wasteland suitable for reclamation. The total land area of ​​the current river channel flooding in the lower Yellow River may be affected by a total land area of ​​180 million mu, including 110 million mu of cultivated land. Although it is not within the drainage area, it is still a flood control area of ​​the Yellow River. According to the 1991 data, there are 114 kinds of proven minerals in the basin. Among the 45 major minerals that have been identified in the country, there are 37 species in the Yellow River Basin. There are 8 kinds of rare earth, gypsum, glass quartzite, bismuth, molybdenum, coal, bauxite, aluminum and refractory clay. Among them, coal resources occupy an important position in the country. There are 685 proven coal producing areas, and the reserves account for 46.5% of the total. The resources are all over the Yellow River provinces, and they have complete varieties, excellent coal quality, shallow burial and easy mining. Etc. The oil and natural gas resources are also abundant, and the hydropower resources of the mainstream of the Yellow River are actually the rich regions of the country's energy. They are also the key areas for national energy development in the 21st century.

The Yellow River has more water and less sand. The average annual river runoff is about 58 billion cubic meters, accounting for only 2% of the national total. The water resources are scarce. For the northwest and north China water shortage areas, the Yellow River water resources are especially valuable, which is economic and social development. Important constraints.

According to the National Land Development and Economic Development Plan, the Yellow River upstream and adjacent areas will further develop non-ferrous metal smelting and energy construction, promote infrastructure construction and environmental protection, and gradually build an important base for the development of the western region. The energy-rich areas of the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, including the vast areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Henan, will gradually build a comprehensive economic zone focusing on coal, electricity, aluminum, and chemical industries, and become an important coal and power production nationwide. base. At the same time, we must vigorously carry out soil and water conservation and improve the ecological environment. The lower Yellow River along the Yellow Plain is still an important base for the development of industry and agriculture in the country. The development and management of the Yellow River has promoted the development of the Yellow River economic belt. The economic and social development along the Yellow River has put forward higher requirements for the governance of the Yellow River.

Although the Yellow River governance and development have made great progress, the future governance tasks are still very heavy. Prevention and control of soil erosion, elimination of downstream floods, and rational use of water resources need to be further addressed. The objective situation is also constantly developing, and the understanding of the Yellow River's situation needs to be deepened. We firmly believe that relying on the leadership of the Communist Party of China and relying on the superiority of the socialist system, after a long and continuous struggle by generations to eliminate the water damage of the Yellow River, the goal of developing the Yellow River water conservancy is achievable.

First day: Yao Rupeng