2019 new semester computer network training report

In the first week of school, we ushered in computer network training. This course corresponds to the computer network we learned in the last semester, giving us a chance to understand and master what we have learned.

The training content includes the suppression of network cable, the use of virtual machine, server installation, dhcp, dns, iis, ftp, web and other basic content, so that we have a preliminary understanding of the formation and operation of the network.

The first phase of the training included the suppression of the network cable. The eia/tia-568 standard specifies the connection standards for two rj45 connector cables, namely eia/tia-568a and eia/tia-568b. The smoothness of the 568a line is green, white, orange, white, blue, blue, white, orange, brown and brown. The smoothness of the 568b line is orange-orange, orange, green-white, blue, blue-white, green, brown-white, and brown. The ends of the straight line are the same, and the ends of the line are different. Crossover lines are usually used for interconnection between devices of the same type, such as pc綪c and hub綡ub; straight-through lines are usually used for interconnection between PCs and hubs. Currently, many switches can also use straight-through lines for interconnection. Network cable connectivity can be tested using a dedicated cable tester. For straight-through lines, the indicators on both ends of the test should be illuminated in order from 1 to 8; for cross-hatching, it should be 13, 26, 44, 55, 77, 88. If there is no network cable tester, you can connect it to the network and test its availability: for the crossover line, you can directly connect two PCs; for the straight-through cable, you can connect two PCs through two network cables. Test on a hub.

Although I used to be overwhelmed before, but I was more skilled in training, I also ended up with some tips and lessons. For example, when you are stripping, you have to screw it up. After you have finished the line, you have to cut it. Contact is obtained.

Virtual machine installation has many advantages for our training. The software of the virtual machine is vmware. This software can virtualize the virtual machine with hard disk, cpu, memory, network card and other devices on one physical machine, and each other. Interconnected, it is very convenient for us to learn . There is no difference between installing the system on the virtual machine and the ordinary machine. As long as the iso image is imported into the virtual machine's CD player, it can be installed step by step. We always tell us an installation technique, and install the installed installation file after installing windowsserverXX. Copy a few copies, change the name to use, and save the system installation time. In addition, through the Internet to check the information, I also learned that vmware software not only has the meaning of teaching, but also a relatively mature commercial software, used in the field of virtual servers, so it is very beneficial to us to have some understanding of it. of.

In the second phase of the training, we learned about ip viewing and setting, and learned to set up soft routes so that two machines on different network segments can communicate. To view the ip address, you can view it in the network connection properties of Windows. You can also view it by typing ipconfig –all on the command line. Sometimes you can get more information and more convenient by using the command line.

Learning the soft routing settings is conducive to our image understanding of the concept of ip, gateway, network segment.

In the tcp/ip network interconnection, the interconnection of different networks often uses routers. Hardware-based routers tend to be more expensive and are not accepted by the average unit, and in the networking process, the problem often encountered is to interconnect two or two regional networks. In fact, there are many network operating systems that provide routing functions themselves, but only software-based routing. For example, the static routing system of Windows XX server is a software-based routing technology.

In the tcp/ip protocol, the ip protocol provides routing functionality. When transmitting data over the network, the data is first packaged into individual ip packets. Ip allows packets to be passed from one place to another on the network. In an Ethernet network, it is easy to transfer messages from one machine to another, because within the same network, each message can reach its destination without having to select a path. However, when two or more networks are interconnected, the situation is quite different. If a certain machine in network a wants to transmit information to a machine in network b, if the route from network a to network b is not set, the information cannot be transmitted at all.

In the Windows XX server, the ip routing software allows one machine to be configured as a multi-homed machine, that is, on one server, two or more network cards are installed at the same time, and each network card is connected to one network. This server acts as a router to route ip packets between the two networks. This route is a static route, and static routers require manual construction and updating of routing tables.

In the case that each network has been built, the windows XX server router is established, and the establishment process is as follows:

1) Install two network cards on the server where the windowsXX server operating system is installed. The server will be configured as a router for connecting two regional networks.

2) Enter the console and add the tcp/ip protocol to the network and dial-up connection.

3) Configure the network card: configure an IP address for each network card of the router server, each IP address belongs to the IP address of the network to which it is connected, and set the gateway address of each network card.

4) Set the enable ip route management function and enable the router publishing function through the route management in the windows XX server management tool. The configuration route can be configured through the window mode using the route command or the route management in the windows XX server management tool.

5) Set the default route on the client to the router network card ip address on the same network segment.

In this way, the windows XX router can work between the two networks.

After the soft route is configured, we can also use the ping command on the command line to check whether the hosts on the two different network segments are truly connected.

In the third stage of the training, we learned the setting and application of dhcp. At this stage, I encountered a lot of troubles, thinking hard, and asking for two classes to complete.

Dhcp is an abbreviation of dynamic host configuration protocol, which is one of the tcp/ip protocol clusters. It is mainly used to assign dynamic IP addresses to network clients. These assigned ip addresses are all a set of addresses consisting of multiple addresses reserved in advance by the dhcp server, and they are generally a contiguous address. When using dhcp, you must have a dhcp server on the network, while other machines execute the dhcp client. When the dhcp client program sends a message requesting a dynamic ip address, the dhcp server will provide an available ip address and subnet mask to the client based on the currently configured address.

The advantage of using dhcp is that dhcp enables the server to dynamically provide ip addresses for other servers in the network. By using dhcp, you can not set any server other than dhcp, dns, and wins servers in the intranet. Maintain a static ip address. Using dhcp can greatly simplify the task of configuring the client's tcp/ip, especially when some tcp/ip parameters change, such as the ip address and subnet mask changes caused by large-scale network reconstruction.

Before setting up the dhcp server, the domain controller must be installed beforehand because of the authorization problem. The installation method is the management tool—manage your server—add the role and then add the domain controller. After installing the dhcp component, you can configure the address pool according to the wizard, and the gateway can be used.

When learning dhcp, because the tutorial and the information on the Internet did not mention to install the domain controller first, and when the authorization failed, the prompt window popped up. We don't know where to install it, so it took a lot of trouble in the authorization. After setting dhcp, because it is a virtual machine, the ip assigned by the client is not allocated by the virtual server, but is reversed by the server of the server room, but the strange thing is that when we disconnect the local connection of the physical machine, it actually returns. It is assigned to an ip, which is neither assigned by the virtual server nor by the server of the computer room. This is very unclear. Finally, we disconnected the physical network connection to correctly assign the virtual host an ip.

After dhcp dragged the progress one day later, I started learning dns service, which was much smoother.

Domain Name Management System - dns is the meaning of the domain name resolution server. Its role in the Internet is to convert the domain name into an ip address that the network can recognize. First of all, you need to know that the Internet website is in the form of a server, but how do we get to the website server we want to visit? This requires assigning an ip address to each server. There are so many websites on the Internet. We can't remember the IP address of each website. This creates a convenient domain name management system dns that he can input. The friendly domain name is converted to the IP address of the server to be accessed.

WindowsXX has installed the dns service by default, and then select "Start" - "Program" - "Administrative Tools" - "dns" to open.

In general, we create forward and reverse lookup zones separately, because dns is not only the domain name to ip resolution, but also ip to domain name.

1. Create the "firstserver.com" primary zone name. Right click on the local server name, select "New Area", open the wizard window and click Next; in the "Region Type" window, select "Main Area"; then select "Forward Lookup Area" and click Next. Go to the "Zone Name" window shown in Figure 1. This step is to enter the name of the area to be resolved, that is, the part behind www.

Then you will be prompted to create a zone file. We will click the default file name to click Next. In the "Dynamic Update" window, considering the security of this dns service, it is generally "not allowed dynamic update" by default. If the server is equipped with security measures such as hardware firewall, you can select "Allow dynamic update"; finally click Finish.
2. Create a new host. In the left frame of the management interface, right-click the area name firstserver you just created and select “New Host”; enter www in the name field of the “New Host” window as shown below, and change the IP address to the web server address in the previous example. 192.168.0.2, click "Add Host" to return to the management interface, you can see that the host address record "" has been successfully created.

3. Check. In the client's connection properties, set the dns server to the ip of the dns server. Enter the ping URL on the command line. If the correct ip is resolved, the dns setting is successful.

At the end of the training, we learned about the use of the iis server and learned how to make web and ftp sites. This knowledge is very useful and can be used when building a local area network or building a personal blog.

Iis is the abbreviation of Internet Information Service. The default installation of windows XX server, windows XX advanced server and windows XX professional is equipped with iis. You can also install iis after Windows XX is installed. Iis is a set of integrated software for setting up web, ftp and smtp servers from Microsoft. It is bundled in windowsXX/nt. You can choose to add and remove iis service in the add/remove program of the console. After the iis is added successfully, go to “Start → Settings → Console → Administrative Tools → Internet Service Manager” to open the iis manager. For the service with the words “Stopped”, right click on it and select “ Start" to open.

The ftp server does not have the ftp server function installed by default. It needs to be added in the console, add and remove windows components. With iis, you can create several different ftp servers, and you can implement some column functions such as restricting users, locking directories, locking permissions, and blocking visitors' ips.

First, the process of building a simple ftp server is:

1. Right click on the computer icon of the iis console and create a new one.

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