[Boutique] Li Kaifu's speech

Article 1: Li Kaifu's speech

There is a phenomenon in the United States, that is to say, doing research in the industry, especially when I am at Microsoft. What I am deeply aware of is that I am not doing technology for technology. I once made a speech at a university. They also have a strange idea. The practice, after each speaker finished, to leave a sentence to the students, they engraved it on a plug made of wood, and asked me temporarily, I said this sentence, that is, we have to do It’s not innovation, it’s a useful innovation. It’s not for a new thing. No one has done it. Everyone is going to do it. We have to understand what it’s good for users and business after doing this. This is me. Before Microsoft, I didn't understand it deeply, and I also did a lot of time-consuming, pure innovation. After I arrived at Microsoft, I learned a big lesson.

The second thing we can talk about is research. I am here to say that university research is not necessarily a university, but also a national lab.

In this kind of place, how to do research can do better. There are several places in the US system that I appreciate very much. The first anonymous review means that you are doing well. You have done a good job. Whether the research is done well or not, is not to see if you have a name, not to see if your relationship is good, not to see others respect you, but to see if there is any value in your proposal for this job, that is, I will take one of mine. After the proposal is proposed, I will delete my name for review. The result of the review by the person I can't see is the reviewer. Only such an anonymous process can really make an assessment. That is to say, the best is saved, the second is very objective assessment, and the courage to admit mistakes, I want to give an example.

I used to do too much research on speech, but the beginning of the study in the United States is always A said that A is doing well, B said that B is doing well, each person writes an article saying who is doing well, and finally credibility Reduced, this time a research unit in the United States said something, you can't do this. If you take my funds, you must use my data to make an objective assessment every six months. My data can't make you See, and the guarantee is brand new, the data you have never seen before, then who does it well, who does not do well, we know this game. This is a great gospel for the voice industry, because the results of all research are immediately 100% credible, so if I am a leader, I will see the results better than me, I will learn from him, I I admit that I am wrong, so with an objective assessment, everyone will be brave enough to admit mistakes, and finally improve the level of research in each school, as well as each research unit. This is the second point, the third point. It is research, research, and product, and earning money. In the US management system, if you take a research fund, this research fund is very sacred, can only be used on this project, can not bring back Home, can not be divided, can not become a horizontal topic, if a professor wants to earn a foreign block, every week can go to other places to get a high salary can also get a lot of money You can also hire a lot of students, but please leave the campus to do this work. This work is also very objective to separate the money from the research.

National research, one of my most admired professors, Mr. Raj Reddy, when I was studying at CMU, I slowly understood his importance to scientific research throughout the United States, because I often saw some of the things he told me. After a while, it becomes a new one. Why? Because he is a master, the American research institutes will ask some masters to say that you will help us set some directions. You can see how the future technology will go. Which research universities are not there now? Ability to do, no money to do, or even companies can not afford, but will become a trend. You tell us that we invest a lot of money to let this research go forward. One of the best examples is the Internet. The Internet is supported by the US Department of Defense. Before it became the Internet, it did a tool that not only allowed many schools to use this tool to do some research, but when you put these schools After stringing together, it slowly became a platform. On this platform, many people did a lot of work. We talked about Microsoft and the university. How did Microsoft discover the Internet? One year, it should be 90 years. There is a group of students. One of their feedback to the company is that we came to Microsoft and think that the software is doing very well, but you are not. Understand the Internet. At this time, many high-ranking officials of the company said what is called the Internet. We learned the Internet from these students, and we know the importance of the Internet. But the Internet is the master of the Ministry of Defense who told him to do the Internet. Research, no company can afford the Internet, Microsoft does not know how to do the Internet, at that time only in Redmond, only in Seattle has this campus, we can not string ourselves, so it can string all the universities It has become a platform for college students to reach out to the most cutting-edge technologies and then to transfer them to our backward technology companies.

So this is very important. What I just mentioned is the close cooperation between industry, academia and research, but in fact it has to be separated. What we just mentioned is research, how to become a product, this is actually a big art. Probably speaking, research and technology are actually two different things. To do research, you should encourage risk-taking, encourage failure, encourage success, encourage failure, and focus on long-term investment. You need to have ideas and think about a new idea every day. You may be trying to be new, for no one to try to do something, but to make products, it is very rigorous. You only have one purpose to do products in the enterprise. It is to satisfy your users. The chairman of GE once said a word. We only have one mission, that is how to understand our customers and how to meet them faster than other companies. There is no difference between technology companies, but we are satisfied with these customers by technology, and doing business. We have time limits for products. We must sell this product on a certain day of the next month, so these two groups are very poorly integrated and not well coordinated. Because their ideas are different, because one is thinker, one is executive person, they are completely different people, the researcher he pays attention to new, pays attention to adventure, then what do he pay more attention to when making products? Being able to satisfy users or make money faster, these two groups of people will have serious consequences if they are hard together. If you start the research department today, you will report to the product department, then I can guarantee that this research will be lost. Any chance. Because the product department said, oh, our users still have a request, you can help me, although you are a researcher, but you can help me to program, after a while researchers are willing to give up their lofty ideals, they become programmers, no I am willing to give up and leave the company. This research department has disappeared from working in other companies. I have seen this situation with my own eyes. In the end, it will not succeed. Of course, we don’t have to turn it over. No company will return the product to it. The research department, otherwise there is no way to make money. Therefore, these two groups can say that they cannot be incompatible with each other, but coordination is very difficult and cannot be put together.

But you can't do it for you to do everything. If you let researchers pursue innovation, you let the product staff make money, or satisfy the customer, and finally do each and even make two different sets of things. This is also a problem. . To be innovative, a company needs to have a mechanism to bring customers with a mechanism. It is not necessarily the best mechanism. In addition to doing research, our researchers must become salesmen and take their products to the product department. Say you are going to study, or your eyes are too far away, you don’t see the trend of future technology, or sometimes the people in the product department, like our department, are close to each other, not far away, and the light may be still Not enough, I still have to do some demos for him to see, I can't understand my presentation for you. I finally got it when I understand it. It takes a lot of work. At least the research department must have enough expectations to become a productized product. A desire, the Asian Institute is very successful today and every employee has a desire to study and benefit many, many users. Conversely, when they have a good relationship, you can also imagine a product department that will help the researcher understand what the user wants and what he doesn't want. He will help explain what the future product blueprint is. You The technology is very good, we put it in the next version, or explain the trend of the industry, you can tell me that this technology is cool, but you don’t know that this is not in line with some of the requirements of today’s users, we might say why this user The demand is only the enterprise, only the product to do, in fact, both sides have to do, Bill Gates recently gave a speech, he said that our company only needs to do two things, one is to meet the needs of users now, they understand the needs, they are everyday The required requirements, the other is to meet the needs of future users they will need, but they still do not see clearly. You only have to do one of the two and you don't have to be a successful company. The former is that I have too many problems, help me fix it, or the virus is very serious. I don't want to have a virus, or the machine is too slow, the startup is too slow. The problem.

The latter users won't say why they don't put their mobile phones together with computers. Why can't they talk to my computer? These users have not used them today. They don't have this kind of imagination, so it can be said that the research department is going to meet the future. Something the user will need. But they still can't see it. If they don't see it far enough, we have to make some prototypes, let them see them, and then get their feedback. There are many aspects of coordination, such as close cooperation, but when you cooperate, don't go together with the two groups. You must have research institutes to let the product department meet the users, but there must be some coordination. In the best coordination of our company Bill Gates, because both groups listened to him, so there is no such problem in our company, but the company that was researched in many other companies said that I don’t work on your product, or The product department said that your research is useless, and sometimes it is a bit stiff to talk about, but this is a very successful part of Microsoft. There are also shared goals. It is very important for any cooperation and sharing goals. One thing is done, you are rewarded, I am rewarded, I am not doing well, we are all punished. This is very simple. mechanism.

Finally, there is a transfer of talents, so that there are some departments on both sides, so that some researchers can go to the product department, so that some sales people can come to the research department, so people like Zhang Yaqin and I are now sent. In the product department, in training, this is our technology department, but the most important thing is the product culture, you can get some inspiration, but more importantly, what culture does the company have for his success, which cultures are suitable? Transplanted to China, the first point of our corporate culture, that is, very patient, persevering, not impetuous to make long-term investment, when everyone told Bill Gates that you WINDOWS did not earn money for seven years, He sees very clearly, we need a system to solve the security problems in the future, you can use this framework to solve,

Today we have encountered security problems. In fact, if you do some research on security issues, you will find that they are the most encountered in WIN95, 98. At that time, Bill Gates gave up WIN2000. He said that he would do it with a simple 95. If he gave up that, today we will not have any market share in the global server market, so we must look far and see. You have to be patient and not impetuous. This is also related to a culture of our company. Microsoft culture created a company, everyone has a PC, but I can imagine 26 years ago, or go back and ask your parents, if someone told him 26 years ago that there is a company to put the computer on each person's desk Or at home, what do they think. In fact, the purpose of software is to enable people to get back their most precious resources, their time, make people more efficient, and enable people to realize their potential. This is the direction that we will never change forever. The second culture passion, this is stronger Americans, Americans are very enthusiastic, enthusiasm is of course good, bad, if you are passionate, do nothing, if you are right There is enthusiasm for one kind of thing, and there is no enthusiasm for other things. What is more important here is customer and partner, technology is the last one. We have made mistakes in the past, not technical innovation for technological innovation, for customers to be our partners, today have these words, The company has slowly shifted, that is to say, the work we have done in the past may be innovation. We have done our innovation and let the customers come. Today, we may do more to understand what customers want and do according to these requirements. There are some technologies that they really need, so this innovation has changed a lot. Of course, we are talking about a corporate culture. Some people may say that this is not very imaginary. Of course not. When the company launches such a person review, all of our measurements, we have to put this every month and every year. Going up means that everyone has a review. What have you done for the customer, how long have you spent, I asked which customer would know that he is very satisfied with your cooperation, these must be implemented throughout the company, not to say a slogan, the third is Responsible, that is, I have to set a goal, then I have to reach it, I can hope to award the prize, and I can hope to be punished. This is an assessment that is very fair. How can it be accountable, accountability is actually a very important part must be measured, if every employee, his goal is to say that to meet some users this year, or to invent several technologies this year, the first step is Say you have to determine what goals you have, what you can measure for each goal, and finally you can know if you are doing good or bad, you can have a sense of urgency and a sense of ownership.

In the end, self-criticism and self-criticism mean that you will never be satisfied with yourself and always pursue excellence. Of course, when it comes to self-criticism, I can't forget the last speech at Peking University. My topic is "How to make a speech." After finishing this, a classmate said that I have a problem. I want you to criticize your speech. Not good. This is also a kind of self-criticism, but the self-criticism here is actually similar. It means that you have to teach others, you have to be capable, and you can't be complacent. You must always pursue excellence and hope to do better. For example, Bill Gates visited India and said that India is ahead of Microsoft in e-goverment. We went to a certain company in India to visit. He has already led Microsoft. It is not the world's e-goverment. To do an e-goverment in every country, we don't do well enough. We have to reflect slowly. Bill Gates will ask his speech every time he finishes his speech, and help me write a speech saying that I am not doing well, you Criticize me, I can do better, you can imagine such a great, such a great leader, he is so self-critical, so we can not easily complacent. It's very easy for us to talk a few words and talk about ourselves very well. We can make a kind of packaging. Any company is always doing the best in a certain indicator, but this kind of self-packaging and praise is not an improvement. A good way for a technology company.

Article 2: Li Kaifu's speech

The topic I am talking about today is "Ten Enthusiasm in Growth." I want to describe the process of my small to big in an easy way. I will extract the "Ten Inspirations" from it. After I have been in my life for nearly 50 years, I feel that I have the most Inspired things, I also hope to have the same inspiration for you who are 20 years old.

Confident and modest, modest and confident

I was born in a very large family in Taipei, ranking seventh. During my growing up, my mother has a decisive influence on my love. My mother, her love for me is a kind of supportive love, a kind of tolerant love, a kind of praise love. I was very naughty when I was a child. If I have a little creativity today, it may be more or less from my naughty, and my naughty is definitely from my mother's tolerance.

I remember that when I was a child, I didn't like to sleep very much. One day, I was whimsical and slowed down the clock and watch of the whole family for an hour. The next day, all the sisters got up, mad, and were late for school, and were late for work. Only my mother, when she looked at me, I felt a bit of praise in her eyes. Maybe she thinks this child is naughty, but it is quite creative.

My parents told me from an early age that they should boldly assume that they should be carefully verified. So once, when the neighbor told us that there were 100 fish in his pond, I decided to carefully check it out. Because the fish swims and swims, it is difficult to count. So, I thought of a bolder way to let the water in the pond shine. After the light is released, I know that there are only more than 50 fish. When the neighbors came to ask for sin, I saw that my mother was still guilty of a crime.

My mother is very grateful for my tolerance, but what I am most grateful for is their decentralization. I think that the biggest problem in life is that it is passive, not active enough, and does not know who is in control of its sovereignty. Especially the classmates here, your high school in the middle school, in the high school era, it is likely to follow the parents' intentions, follow the teacher's meaning, always think that they are a machine, an accessory, they ask us to do what we do Just do it, this is a very bad thing. I am very glad that I have a pair of enlightened parents.

There is one more thing that makes me unforgettable. When I was four or five years old, I told my parents that I didn't want to go to kindergarten. I want to go to the country. They clearly told me that I support you, as long as you think about it, allow you to go to the country one year earlier, but you have to be responsible, you have to test. This is a huge influence of an enlightened parent on me, and it gives me confidence. There is no difference in reading a year and one year in the morning, but the child’s self-confidence is priceless.

Of course, parents are not always indulgent. If you make a mistake, you still have to punish, and the punishment is still very serious. Once, I boasted 100 points in front of my relatives, but after more than a week I took 90 points and took it home. At that time, my mother did not say a word, and beat me up. I am not convinced. Then she told me that you are confident, I encourage you, but if you are arrogant, I will hit you. Being arrogant is not modesty, and modesty is the virtue of the Chinese people for 5,000 years. I am beating you once, just to let you know that modesty is a virtue we must have.

So my first inspiration is that when I grew up in such an environment, I finally understood that we must be confident, but we must be modest in our self-confidence, not arrogant, not boastful. This is the right Chinese should have. confidence.

Talent is interest, interest is talent

My brother went to the United States to study for a Ph.D. when I was 1 year old. When I was 10 years old, he returned to Taiwan. He saw the test-oriented education in Taiwan at that time and felt that it would be more appropriate to take me to the United States. My mother gave me another choice. She told me that the United States has a good education and I hope that you will consider going to the United States for education. Of course, if you are not willing to go, it is also your choice. At that time, I chose to go to the United States to be a small student. My mother has been with me for seven years in a row. She spends half of her time in the United States, letting me spend a very happy and lonely school.

In the American environment, I feel that I have learned a lot. My teacher is very caring for me, and the teachers often encourage me, just like my parents. When I have something to do, they will praise me and encourage me. When some subjects I read badly, they actually told me that this history, chemistry exams can take home to test, trust you will not secretly read books. This sentence also made me very shocked. The teacher is not skeptical about me, monitoring me, supervising me, but trusting me. Under their trust, I feel that I have a very big responsibility, and I can't cheat. In such an environment of relaxation, encouragement, and support, I slowly became a more confident and good student from a boy who was very shy to the United States.

When I was in high school, I did my first business. Under the guidance of the entrepreneurial tutor, I made a tentative start-up in the school curriculum. We took a steel pipe and made it for sale. A group of students, under the guidance of the teacher, made hundreds of casings and then took them back and sold them to their parents. This is how to make money. After doing a semester, I feel that making money is not really done for the needs of users. So I enrolled in this class again, I think I still need to do it again. I think everything should be done well. The first time I did was the vice president of sales, the second time I did the sales president. I told my classmates about my ideals. We learned about the needs of our students at school. At that time, the students were dissatisfied with the school's change of lunch time from 70 minutes to 50 minutes. We designed a T-shirt with a line of words: I want longer lunch. Longer lunch is a dachshund dog, very long, very cute, a dog that is loved. This T-shirt was bought very well and we became the first of all high school entrepreneurs.

After graduating from high school, I entered Columbia University. The influence of Columbia on me is its humanistic education. At Columbia, every student must learn philosophy or music and so on. If someone asks me how to write a book, how do you write a book? There is a little bit of humanistic thinking in your book. So much of it comes from my study at Columbia University. I also recommend the teacher, we should read some Chinese books. Many people ask how you can write Chinese when you are 11 years old in the United States. You still use Confucius and Zhuangzi, and someone must help you write it. At least one more evidence, I have learned classical Chinese. But learning does not necessarily remember, but there is Google. If you only remember one paragraph, learn it and learn it, you will get in, Google will come out.

Many students often encounter it. When you encounter that you are not interested, you don't know what to do. Does this mean that you should find more of your own interests. If you don't know what your interests are, try more. Try a lot of different things that you might be interested in. I believe you will always find it. Give you another secret. If you don't know what your interests are, your interest is your talent. Your talent is your interest. At that time, I discovered that my interest was actually a computer. Because when I was learning computer, I found that I learned very fast, programming is also very good, people around me especially admire me. So I found a very important sincerity, the next inspiration: talent is interest, interest is talent. In English, you will love what you good at , you will good at what you love. Because if you do a very good job, others will praise you, you will be more fulfilled when you do this, so you will be interested. If you are interested in one thing, you will think all day, think about eating, bathing and sleeping, so you will feel that it is talent.

Thinking is more important than evangelism, and opinions are more important than confusing

I graduated from Columbia in 1983 and entered the Carnegie Mellon University as a Ph.D., our department head, Professor Nick, has had a great influence on me. I asked him the first time I saw him, Nick, what are your requirements for our doctoral and doctoral thesis? His answer surprised me. He said, I hope that your graduation thesis will become the world's number one in your narrow field when you graduate, and your doctoral thesis will be the best doctoral thesis in your narrow field. Then I asked him again, is the most important asset that I took away in the future, is this the paper? He said that this is not the case, because in the future, 99% of this paper will not touch again, no longer Extend it, and you probably only extend it by 1%. In fact, the real meaning of doing a doctoral thesis is not to make a concept, but in the process of doing this paper, you have learned how to think, how to analyze an unknown problem, turn him into a part of you, and then use science The method uses the data method to answer and then proves this hypothesis. This process is the most important. This process is a process of thinking, and each scientific thinking has different perspectives and different directions.

We Chinese often say that preaching and confusing, indeed teachers must preach, but he tells us that the ability to think is more important than evangelism. There is another sentence I like very much, which is what an educator said. He said that education is what education is when you forget all the knowledge. It is not that you forget everything. What remains after forgetting the light? It is the ability to learn. Because when students are in college, there are teachers who take you to think about problems. There is no teacher after graduating from college, so what you want to study at university is not how the teacher gives the skills to you, but the process of learning. When there is no teacher one day, I can still learn. This goal has been achieved and the purpose of education has been achieved.

I don't agree with you, but I support you.

My doctoral thesis is speech recognition, and I made this result. But at the beginning, my tutor told me to do the speech recognition using the expert system. I also made a paper, but found that the expert system can not be a very important result in my field. I think there are better results. After many explorations, I found that statistical methods may have better results. This is a crossroad that I faced at the time. When I found out that my tutor was wrong, what should I do? I should accept that the expert system that he told me is correct, or euphemistically asked if he has other possibilities, I hope he praises his method? Or should I have a construction Sexually tell him, I don't think this road will work, I should go the other way? At that time, I bravely followed my feelings and some answers that told me the data. Very politely presented to him privately, I don't think your method is right, I hope to take another path.

My mentor and his answer have deeply influenced me. At that time, he asked, and thought about it, I disagree with you, but I support you. Some of the students may feel very strange about this sentence and disagree with why they support it. Years later, my tutor was interviewed by the Turing Award. In the field of science, we have to have a mind. Everyone is standing at the same starting point. It is the same, so I have no right to deny others. If Kaifu thinks that this method is good and has passion to do it, then I will deny him and force him to do it in my own way. I should support him more, because his chance of success is the same as mine. But if he does what he has passionate and determined, he will spend twice as much time doing it, then he will succeed. The support given to me by the mentor was not only verbally, but also funds, machines, etc. Finally I finally made it, and I succeeded.

I remember Voltaire once said a word, I disagree with you, but I use my life to defend your power to express opinions. It is just a sentence of freedom of speech, but this sentence of my mentor is more important than freedom of speech. He said, I don't agree with you, but I not only defend your right to speak, but also support you to do what you want to do. This kind of mind is actually a kind of guidance. This is a very important thing that I have learned around him. It is also a method that I will use in management in the future. With his support, I finally made a very good batch of experiments. This speech recognition has also become the basis of our company's products today. After the speech recognition was completed, the speech recognition paper was also reported in the New York Times.

Frustration is not a punishment, but an opportunity to learn.

When I was a Ph.D., I was not very smooth, and I also encountered some setbacks. A big setback is that during a summer vacation, I am going to teach a group of talented high school students how to program. In just eight weeks, I taught them programming. I go to school every morning at eight in the morning and go to the lab to fix their programs in the afternoon. After eight weeks, 60 students all learned programming. At the time, I felt very good about myself. When I went to the department head office, I found a stack of paper in the corner of his desk. That is the comments of the students on me - very miserable. The students gave me all kinds of nicknames, saying that they would get up at 8 o'clock every day to see the Kaifu Theater. He performed on it, we slept underneath, and so on, all kinds of unspeakable words. I was disappointed when I was affected by this setback, because I felt that I still liked to teach, and I got such a result. I also think that I have taught these 60 people a lot. Later, I finally understood that the 60 people learned programming in 8 weeks because they were geniuses, not because I taught well.

But in any case, I am facing such a setback. How can I go below? Should I give up the speech, give up teaching, put my time into research, and put into programming? But I think when I was in Columbia, a philosophy professor said If a thoughtful person does not have the ability to express, then he is a person without thought. How can I make myself a person without thoughts? So I found all the professors and asked them how to become a good speaker? They said they would touch each other. When I was in class, I looked at the last row of classmates and looked at his head. They thought you were watching him and getting in touch with you. If you tremble, you can't see it when you press the platform with both hands. This habit has not changed since now. Although I am not shaking today, my hand can't help but put it in this place, because this is what the teacher taught me.

Later, I learned from many setbacks: Don't be afraid of setbacks. This is a learning opportunity. Learn how to stop making mistakes, learn how to do better, change a bad habit, and adjust the values ​​of life. Because frustration lets you reflect, because reflection makes you firm. Looking back on my life today, I found that my biggest learning opportunities came from my frustrations, not from success. For every setback that I have encountered, if you ask me today if I want it to happen or not, I can say clearly, I would rather it happen. Because it happens, I can get the opportunity to learn, and learning is for my life.

After teaching at the school for two years, I decided to leave school and join Apple. During the period, on the one hand, do technology, on the other hand, find opportunities for learning. The most remarkable thing about this company is that he puts users first. I want to thank Apple for his six-year career. Apple was very difficult to operate in the past. In the process, I learned how to change from a scientist to a manager. When I joined Apple, the project I was doing was a new technology. One day the vice president told me that my project was cut down, but asked me to be the new manager for several other projects. I said that you want me to be the manager of so many people, I can't do it. He said, don't worry, I tell you, what makes you the road to success. It is not only a technological achievement, but also an engineering capability. You are a good leader. A good leader is respected and trusted, and his respect for trust comes from his inner trust in the respect of others. I got some confidence because of his words. After many years, I think this is indeed the most important trait of a leader: he should be a good person, trust others, respect others, in order to gain the trust and respect of others.

Innovation is not important, useful innovation is important

By 1996, I went from Apple to SGI. At the time, SGI was still not famous. Today's Google building is built by SGI. SGI used to be the hottest company in Shibuya. Someone asked me how to succeed the teacher, how did you succeed, and did not fail? In fact, my failure is still a lot. At the time, we made a cool 3D browser, which can have 3D animation on the one hand, and a good web animation on the other hand, like today's flash. We are reluctant to put these two customer groups, and finally made a big product, trying to meet the needs of the two users, but the product failed.

After the failure, the CEO found me saying, Kaifu, I can't support it, we have no money. Then I said let me try to sell this company, how much can he sell? I said how much it should be able to sell. He said yes, you can try to sell and operate for six months. Then I left. He said that he came back. How many people are there in your team? I said about 100 people. He said that after the sale, 100 people were taken away. I said no problem. He said, he came back and said, you have to go. I said OK. Finally, the good news is that the buyer has found it. The bad news is that the buyer did not provide the job. 90 people lost their jobs because of my mistakes.

At that time, I felt very guilty, very sad, and even entered a state of depression. One is the huge impact of the failure of the product, and I feel very sorry for the unemployment. But in the end, I stood up. I reviewed the process of doing this 3D browser. Why did such a cool product fail? The reason for the failure is that we do science, the scientist is born, and everything is measured to see if it is intentional. Is it very hard, is it not done by the predecessors? If so, it is a quick investment, but this is only a scientific method. It is not important to do industry hard work, and it is important to be useful. So here I learned the next inspiration, that is, innovation itself is not important, and useful innovation is important.

We need to use courage to change things that can be changed, accept things that cannot be changed with our minds, and use wisdom to distinguish the difference between the two.

Leaving SGI, I was thinking about what I was going to do next time. I was in the most creative Shibuya. In theory, I could start a business in Silicon Valley, but I didn't go. There is a voice in my heart, and this voice is to return to China. I was also infected by my father. I told myself that I should return to my hometown. When I left SGI in 1998, I happened to have a chance. At the time, both intel and Microsoft invited me to start their research. Finally I joined the Microsoft China Research Institute, which was in 1998.

Under my call, many of my friends, including Zhang Yaqin and other colleagues, decided to return to China.

In 2000, I was transferred back to the headquarters to take charge of the development of .net. I won't say much here, but I want to say that five years back to the headquarters, I have always missed the two years of working in China. I have been thinking, I still have no chance to return to China. At the same time, I also think, how can I let myself continue to improve? In the first two years of Microsoft, I returned to China, and I have more understanding of Chinese culture, China's national conditions, and how to do a good job in China. From 2000 to 2005, I returned to the United States. In the first few years, I learned a lot from Bill Gates. But then slowly discovered that Microsoft is a big machine, I am just a part inside. This part made me feel that I was not making progress and didn't grow up, so I was looking for an opportunity to see if I could do something else.

In 2005, I saw Google entering China, and Google is the most advanced company on the Internet. His innovative model has attracted a lot of attention. Before I had hundreds of people running to Google, they were very happy after they went, which made me a bit tempted, and if Google is going to enter China, I can not only enter a top Internet company, but also can go back. China I love. I decided to leave Microsoft to join Google, but what's worse is that Microsoft knew it was very angry and the consequences were very serious.

In July 2005, I met the biggest and biggest downturn in life. It was Microsoft who decided to send me and Google to court. Even when I had not left, he handed me and Google’s paper to Washington. Court. The complaint stated that I violated the agreement I signed with Microsoft, and Google made me violate this agreement. When the message came out, it immediately received media attention. The report said a lot of untrue words. I questioned what I said and even questioned my personal integrity. The most frustrating thing is that I have not only been defamed, but I have not been able to come out and defend myself. Because in the law, the parties can not come out to speak, so I was stunned and watched the negative reports all day, and I entered the low tide of life.

Once again, I slowly learned to learn to be tougher from time and time again. I thought of a sentence that has always been the motto of my life - we have the courage to change things that can be changed, to accept things that cannot be changed with our minds, and to distinguish them with wisdom. What can't be changed is the media report. I can't change it anymore, so don't try to change these useless reports. What can be changed? I can let the judge know that I have not made a mistake and let the judge decide that I can work at Google, so I should put 18 hours a day, 7 days a week into the lawsuit, go I found all the information I could find, submitted it to my lawyer, presented it to the judge, let him know that I didn't breach the contract, and sentenced me to work at Google.

This sentence finally woke me up. It was not worthwhile to waste a second in the media report, so I stopped reading the newspaper, stopped surfing the Internet, and concentrated on playing a lawsuit. A few days later, I found the evidence I needed. The judge saw the evidence and decided that I could go to work at Google. A few months later, Microsoft withdrew the lawsuit. Finally, I can go to work for the company Google I am looking forward to, and I can work back to China.

If you are hungry, you will be humble.

It’s not so much a job at Google, it’s better to learn. I think that living to the old age. When we graduated from college, the first job was especially important to choose a job that we could learn. No matter whether you are employed or a business university, you can't teach you all the knowledge. To enter the first job, learning is the most important, then the third job is the same. The United States once conducted an investigation. One person has to change four or five jobs in his life. Every job is an opportunity to improve yourself. When you find that your previous job is in the same place, it is time for you to change jobs. It is better to come to work than to come to work. Steve said, stay hungry, stay foolish. This sentence seems very strange, it means that if you are hungry, you are humble. This is the best one I have ever thought of.

Follow your heart and use it to lead your life

I am very happy after arriving at Google. I learned a lot at Google and learned how to do a precise search. Of course, this is Google’s secret. I can’t come up with it. I also learned a good innovation model, and I learned how to build a The company that engineers are most aspired to. This knowledge is deposited in my heart and becomes my future capital, allowing me to move to a higher place in my world.

What is the most important secret of Google’s success? I will tell you that his biggest secret to success is actually management. Simply put, manage the people you want to manage. Management is more rational, not a matter of management. At Google I learned more about decentralization and gave employees more freedom. Google has 20% of time to do their own projects, not company-designed projects.

Smart employees like to get the praise of the boss, but not an empty compliment. He wants to know that his boss knows his project. And the most important thing is to provide resources to make employees worry-free. This is actually the most I learned at Google.

Why did I leave Google again? This is the ninth successful revelation I mentioned: following my heart. Follow the voice in my heart and use it to guide myself. What is following my heart? From Steve’s speech, you can see that you should cherish your time, don’t waste your time in other people’s lives, don’t be confused by creed, blindly follow the creed is to live in someone else’s world. Don't let anyone's opinions drown out their voices. The most important thing is to have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. Your heart and intuition know what kind of person you want to be, and everything else is secondary.

Dear students, I hope that you will keep this in your heart. In today's world, many people look forward to the hope of the future, and look forward to the voice of the society telling us what to do. But what everyone really wants to do in their hearts is only known to them. Lead your life, not live your life.

My life has been from birth to an innovative factory, and made many choices, such as changing from a political reform to a computer repair. At that time, politics was the top three in Colombia, and computers were not ranked. But my heart told me that this is what I want. I can choose to challenge my Ph.D., but I told myself that I have to do the best in the narrow field, so I can't go the wrong way. After graduation, I can choose to be an associate professor and live for the rest of my life, but I decided to participate in Apple. Apple’s then vice president said, Kaifu, are you willing to waste your life on writing a pile of waste paper? Or join Apple. He told me that life is going to try to make the world change because of me, not the most stable life.

Finally, after four years at Google, I decided to make an innovative factory. Why do you make such a decision? Because Steve said that life is a point, following my heart is to cross this point. People can't foresee a point in the future of life. After a lifetime of looking back, you will find that the bits and pieces of your choice in life are very connected and related. Looking back on my life, I made a lot of innovations. Every decision is a point to follow my heart. After you draw a point, you have to believe in yourself. You can draw a curve and connect these points. When I came up with the idea of ​​an innovative factory, I told myself that this time I must follow my own heart, because he is not just a point, it connects every point of my past.

What is an innovation factory? It is a platform for innovation and entrepreneurship, where we incubate and cultivate businesses. Five projects worth incubating are launched each year. It can not only help China to cultivate 50 innovative enterprises, but also help China to train 500 or even 5,000 great entrepreneurs and even entrepreneurs. This kind of work satisfies my life's dreams.

Value is not how much you have, but how much you leave

Finally, I want to talk about a bigger topic. What I want to say is the purpose of life. Many people think that life is making money, but I hope that the students here will think about what you want. In fact, everyone The purpose of life is different. Some people's purpose is to experience life. Some people's purpose is to help China build a brand. These are good purposes. Then what is my purpose? My purpose is to have you in the world.

In 2000, I wrote the first letter to Chinese students and received very warm feedback. Later I wrote seven. I feel that it makes sense to write these letters. I feel that these letters have helped Chinese students, just like every lecture I have. So I told myself that the biggest influence in the world, one channel is to do technology, and the other is to help Chinese students. I have considered whether to put myself into education, and I also try to be a non-profit university. I traveled to Hong Kong, mainland China, and Taiwan to find the rich, and only one is willing to invest. I used to think that I could succeed, but I found that the funds were still not enough, and there were some other problems, so I didn't do it. But in the process of running a school, I also learned a lot.

Now that we are inspired by the tenth person, it is life, the value is not how much you have, but how much you leave. How much the world is different because of you, this is how much you left behind. There are many ways to measure how much you have left. To do education, I can write a book to give a speech and do this kind of thing. In the end, what kind of sentence should we use to describe ourselves? We don't measure how much we have, but we have to measure how much we leave. What you leave is what you get in your life and your ideal. We can use an epitaph to test a person what he left, what is his ideal? Because when you imagine that one day you left the world, when your descendants came to see you, they would think of a sentence. This sentence is your epitaph. If I can, I want an epitaph: Kai-Fu Lee, an enthusiastic educator, through writing, networking, speech, entrepreneurship education, he helped many young students in the era of China's rise. They call him kindly: Kaifu teacher.

Article 3: Li Kaifu's speech

Distinguished Chairman of China, Minister Zhu, President Gu, distinguished guests, I am very happy to have this opportunity to share my views here on the eve of the Tsinghua Centennial Celebration. First of all, I would like to congratulate Tsinghua’s centennial celebration. Tsinghua has contributed a lot of talents to China for the past 100 years. Every company I have worked in from the past, from Apple, Microsoft, Google to today’s innovative workshop. The most important one is from Tsinghua University. Tsinghua’s success in running schools in the past is believed to lead to independent innovation in the future and help China’s independent innovation reach a higher level.

I came here today, and I am deeply touched by the fact that the innovation workshop was also started in this building. I founded the innovation workshop 18 months ago. I also faced many questions about whether the entrepreneurship should be coached or hatched. The model has been made, and I am very pleased that in the past 18 months, we have made a total of 28 investments and invested in 28 companies. These 28 companies have a total of 600 employees, and these 600 employees A lot of innovative entrepreneurship work. At least half of them already have a million user-level levels, and several of them have already received fairly good external investments. The most important thing is that these 28 companies have applied for 20 patents in the past few months. Of course, so much, we know that this is only a staged sign, and definitely does not represent any success. But at least we can come out with the first step. Looking back over the past 18 months, I am also very grateful to Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Science Park, and the presence of Director Xu and Mei, who are here to support us, and the Beijing Municipal Government. support. Today I want to share what I have done in the past 18 months, and in the past 18 years, some insights gained from working in three great companies, and some insights into today's themes. In fact, I think every one of you here today has the same dream. I hope that China can achieve independent innovation and hope to have Chinese manufacturing. The products created by China will go all over the world. I hope that China can enter a strong country of entrepreneurship from a manufacturing power. After reflections and reflections over the past 18 months, there have been some reflections on the work of the best foreign companies and the most advanced American entrepreneurs over the past 18 years. I think that in fact, talking about these innovations to create creative entrepreneurship, they have one of the most core ideas. I want to share with you today is about talents. Because I feel that any speech, especially 15 to 20 minutes, is impossible to talk too much, there is a theme, what do you want to say about Kai-Fu Lee today, what Ma Yun said, I hope this thing is China's future, innovation and creativity. Road, in terms of talent, it needs to be strengthened. Although Tsinghua has made a lot of progress, we can do better together in terms of talents.

Why are talents so important in innovation and entrepreneurship? In fact, today we have entered the information age, and many successes are successful in manufacturing, so we will look at things with manufacturing thinking. But in this era, the difference in their production is only 30% to 50%, but in the information age, the gap between a top talent and ordinary talent may be one hundred times, maybe a thousand times, maybe 10,000 times. Sometimes a top talent he does, you can't do it with a thousand ordinary people, you must pay close attention to talent.

When it comes to talent, I can talk about some of my views and studies in the past three foreign companies and in the innovation workshop. What is the talent first? It is recruiting talents and recruiting the best talents. I have learned very good guidelines in a few foreign companies. There is a saying that everyone you recruit should raise the average level of the team. For example, there are ten people. This person is better than the tenth. He has passed the customs, but if you work in an excellent entrepreneurial company that values ​​talents, you should have higher standards. The team not only does not regress. And progressing.

The other is a very good, first-rate people will hire first-rate people, second-rate people will hire third-rate people, so when your company has second-rate people come in, your team is going three times. A first-rate person has enough confidence to find someone who is as good as himself, or someone who is stronger than himself in some ways. Because I am very confident about myself, an ordinary person, a poor person, he will hope to find someone he can control, obedient, disciplined, uninformed, obedient, when you find a second-rate When people come in, he looks for third-rate people. And don't believe that the employer is going to hire someone. The manager has a drawback, that is, filling the office, someone is better than no one. He feels that I can only fill the office quickly if I lower the level, because these people can do the work after all. As your entrepreneur, you have to work hard to ensure that your manager is at the company level. This is not a good thing. Feel free to give it to your manager. Businesses in foreign countries have already been accepted, but entrepreneurship in China may sound relatively new. I hope that through such a forum today, we can spread such an idea that innovative companies can properly borrow references to localize these advanced, and I Think it is a reasonable idea.

How do innovative workshops use these aspects? For example, we are looking for a great entrepreneur, we may meet with him three times and five times, try to meet him, I can think of at least five people, me and each of them The individual has eaten five meals. I have gained a lot of weight in the innovation workshop for six months. Recently, I have developed very well. There are many partners who helped me to eat. I was a little thinner. But five people and five meals are very important, because at least two of them came to us. One of them is Xu Chaojun. It is also doing very well in the social field. In fact, people are going to collide. This kind of careless approach, whether in Microsoft Apple. Or Google has it, and it is also in the innovation workshop.

We also attach importance to the current graduates. Last year I called at least 60 fresh graduates and hoped that they would join our company. I called their parents. When your child is 25 years old, he is close to 20 Years of the book, parents should let go of the power to join, I am not complaining about what I do, I think it is worth it. I will talk to them for 60 or even 100 college students this year. It is not to persuade or mislead them to innovate the workshop, but to help them find the right direction for their development. If it is entrepreneurship or participation in entrepreneurship, then come over. If you join a big company, we encourage it, so this is something that I think is very important to talent and very worth doing. I think that every enterprise leader should spend at least 20% on new talents. At least in the early stage of innovation workshop, I spend at least 80% of my energy.

Let's talk about management talents. How do people manage when they come in? First of all, my advice is not to manage, especially don't care, because we have to talk about the heart, as a company leader you are smart people, when 30 years old, 50 years old, when you 25 When you are old, what kind of leadership do you like, it is very important to manage your team with the way you want to be managed. Because smart people want to be trusted and decentralized. If so, when you are young, you also want to be trusted to be delegated, so company leaders must remember to trust to decentralize. The other big company is getting bigger and bigger, and the leader has to personally make every decision. This is very bad, which prevents your excellent employees from developing. When a company grows bigger, the CEO's responsibility should be to create a good environment, responsible for the company's culture, and to grasp the direction of the company's development. In the various fields I have seen in China, Mr. Ma Yun, who is here at least, is particularly good at seeing this from outside. Find the right people, put them in the right place, as the company's big leader, manage the culture and the company environment, and manage them in the way they want to be managed.

There are also talents who have entered the company. What do he want to get? It may be that the secular view is that people are for money, for fame, for fame and fortune, but it is not. Those most talented people know deeply that when he is young, he can learn, grow, and get training. This is far more important than short-term fame and fortune, and even if you like fame and fortune, you just started out first. This kind of learning training is still the most important when you step.

Therefore, as a company leader, we should spend more time to provide more opportunities. This is not just a training opportunity. Many foreign companies spend 5,000 dollars on training in China for one year, but we have to look at it. Which company is willing to take risks, let a young man take charge of a very huge product and direction, and then put a bet on him. Google’s most successful product, Gmail, is a fresh graduate student, saying that you are the manager of this project. He was scared, but he did very well. He is also very honest about his mistakes and learning from the people around him.

Therefore, in the innovation workshop, we also proposed to participate in entrepreneurship, and then lead the concept of entrepreneurship. Because many college students are looking at a lot of successful entrepreneurs, they think they are their idols and want to learn from them. I wrote a letter with them. I believe that many of you will be entrepreneurs in the future, but what you learn at university can't make you all ready, so you have to learn to start a business. If you want to learn business, you can come. A small business. After the participation, after learning, you can learn how to do business after participation. So in the innovation workshop, we hope to provide the environment. In the early days of the company, a graduate just joined. Maybe the company has five people. Everyone has to learn everything. They have to do it. This indirectly makes everyone a Very good training work.

In a large company, it may take six months and one year to transfer to another department to study. Maybe we have heard that before letting a person be a CEO, do sales first and then market, and then integrate to be a leader. But in a small company, you join a company with only five people in your startup. You must do anything, and you will eventually learn and become a comprehensive talent.

In the end, I suggest that the company's leaders should tell all managers a concept. The company's talent belongs to the company and does not belong to you. Because the manager has a second drawback, the first is to fill the office, and the second is to monopolize the talent. I have a great person, I hide him, I am afraid of being dug by others, but as a good manager, let you know where the talent is, Microsoft is doing a good job in this, Microsoft CEO has a book six each year. The manual of 100 people must be turned over before going to sleep. It will deeply understand the development direction of these 600 people. When the company is transferred, it will not be a vertical type, but the whole company can see the best talents.

These are important trends in talent training that I have seen in three multinational corporations and innovative workplaces. Finally, I would like to share some suggestions for Tsinghua to all schools. If we are looking for talent, the ultimate goal is to create innovative entrepreneurship, which requires the best talent. We have just talked about what many companies can do in the company. Finally, I want to talk about what colleges can do. I hope that colleges and universities can provide more internship opportunities, because only learning can be practiced. I hope that the professor can let students experience what they are doing in the summer, not just the knowledge in books.

Second, I hope that more colleges and universities can help students understand themselves and understand their interests and talents. When I asked 60 students, 50 of them didn't know. It was a pity when he didn't know himself. Too many students still,

Thirdly, I suggest teamwork. Collaboration in school exams is cheating, but in the enterprise the team fails, and the first person is useless.

Fourth, I hope that more students have the opportunity to learn critical thinking. They all ask, what is the use of this thing, I am allowed to ask, and I am encouraged to ask why this is the case, why not, and Let the students know that there is not only one opinion for each thing, but there are many viewpoints to see the world. 99.9% of things in this world have different opinions, which is very important in the high-tech field.

Fifth, because there is not only one point of view, I hope that more teachers will move from evangelistic teachers to a coach-type teacher to help students explore their interests and directions, not blindly thinking about themselves. Finally, I suggest that because we have talked about diversified talents, comprehensive talents are very important, especially for leading talents in enterprises. Comprehensive and diversified means understanding of many fields and helping students not to be too liberal and clear. More students can experience a little like foreign liberal arts education, and more students can cross-disciplinary students, such as business school and computer school, to do a project together, from which they can learn and become comprehensive talents.

Finally, I congratulate Tsinghua on its 100th anniversary. I hope that we can help Tsinghua together and help China to achieve a better future. It can achieve the goal of innovative creativity and entrepreneurship. Thank you!