Investigation report on the production of forest seedlings in Langfang City
Langfang City Agriculture and Forestry Bureau will further improve the construction of forest seedlings in the city, standardize the order of seedlings market, increase the management of forest seedling industry, and promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of forestry in the city. In May 2001, the basic situation of seed production in the city, mainly The characteristics and existing problems were investigated in depth, and the development layout and countermeasures of the forest seedlings in the city were put forward.
First, the basic situation of forest seed production
There are 1829 nurseries in the city, with a total nursery area of 99,400 mu. Among them, this year's new breeding is 69,700 mu, which is available for the afforestation seedlings of 7.131 million in winter and spring. Divided by ownership: 12 state-owned nurseries, 2264 acres of nursery area, accounting for 2% of the city's nursery area, seed production of 6.59 million, accounting for 2.7% of the city's total seedlings; 28 collective nursery, seedling area of 3135 acres, accounting for The city's nursery area is 3.2%, the seedling production is 8.114 million, accounting for 3.3% of the total seedling production; the individual nursery is 1789, the nursery area is 94,075 mu, accounting for 94.6% of the city's nursery area, and the seedling volume is 229.32 million. The city's seedling volume was 93.6%.
Second, the main features of forest seed production
It is a trend of base, scale and industrialization. The state attaches great importance to the construction of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial policies, and the large-scale afforestation activities in the northwest and Beijing-Tianjin regions have effectively promoted the development of forestry seedling industry in Langfang. All localities have seized the opportunity of shortage of seedlings and rising seedling prices, combined with the adjustment of agricultural structure, and vigorously developed the seedling industry. The production of seedlings in the city has shown a trend of base, scale and industrialization. Up to now, there are 205 nurseries in the city with more than 100 mu, 380 nurseries with more than 50 mu, and 1,283 nurseries with more than 20 mu. Among them, individual private nursery has become a new force in Langfang City's nursery industry. The seedling company was established in Geyu Town Village of Anci District. The production and operation mode of the company plus farmers was implemented. The production, supply and sales were one-stop. The area of forest land was 5,800 mu on 6688 mu of land, including 2,000 mu of nursery, not only removed. The hat of poverty and backwardness has also become a well-known production base for timber seedlings. Wang Gang, the owner of Yongqing County Individual Tea House, invested more than 1.5 million yuan in contracting 1,000 mu of land in Caojiawu Township. He used advanced sprinkler irrigation technology to hire professional technicians with seedling experience to guide production and develop new varieties of fast-growing poplar to become a sports seedling in the city. The vanguard.
High standard organization production. First, the major nursery water and electricity facilities are basically matched, and advanced water-saving technologies such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are applied to production. Second, communication equipment is widely used, and nurse farmers can obtain market information quickly and conveniently. A small number of large seedling farmers also purchased a computer, and went online at their own expense. They timely mastered all kinds of seedlings purchase and sales information and advanced seedling technology, and stood at the forefront of the market. Third, the high-tech seedlings have been applied, and new seedling cultivation techniques such as seedling cultivation, container seedling cultivation, and full-light haze cutting seedlings have been introduced in key nurseries. The Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of China and South Korea demonstrated a investment of 4 million yuan in the demonstration farm, and initially built the largest greenhouse greenhouse in Hebei Province, realizing the automation and scale of seedling production.
Breeding varieties are well-specified. Since winter and spring, most of the farmers in Langfang have recognized the market advantages of forestry and have adopted various channels to actively purchase samples from research institutes and provenance bases. Especially with the advent of the fourth generation of poplars in the winter and spring, the procurement wars and price wars of the species have reached a feverish level. Due to the tightness of the seed source, the original seedlings of a few cents actually reached a few yuan, or even a dozen yuan. On the basis of Langfang Yang's “hot” for several years, the European and American Yang 107, 108, 84K and Zhonglin 2000 series Yang renewed the seedling market. According to the survey data of this spring nursery, the city has developed 11,823 mu of 107 poplars in Europe and America, 1785 mu of 108 poplars in Europe and America, 735 mu of 84K poplars, and 38,878 mu of Langfang Yang and Zhonglin 46 poplars. The city's famous and excellent new varieties rate reached more than 95%, a record high, basically forming a benign seedling market structure with the fourth-generation fast-growing poplar varieties such as Ouyang Yang 107, 108, 84K Yang as the rookie and local varieties.
The business form is flexible and diverse. There are several main forms of nursery management in our city: 1 State-owned seedlings. State-owned nurseries still play a leading role in demonstrating. They make full use of their resource advantages, capital advantages, technological advantages, and information advantages, and continue to play a key role in the introduction of new varieties and the promotion of new technologies. 2 rural collective nursery. This part of the nursery is mainly a village sports seedlings, accounting for a small proportion. Its main mode of operation is collective unified planning, unified land acquisition, unified management, and unified sales. The advantage is that it gives full play to the collective advantages and can concentrate human and material resources and strengthen the collective economy. The shortcomings are responsibility, power, and profit are not clear, the cost is high, the waste is big, and the benefit is low. 3 sports seedlings. The sports seedlings are divided into two forms: one is the sole proprietorship of seedlings, and through the bidding, bidding, development of sand shortages, lease of land, etc., the use of profitable funds from other industries to invest in seedling production. The second is the joint-stock breeding system. Through technology shareholding, capital share, land share, etc., seedlings are formed in the form of shareholding system. This method makes up for the shortcomings of individuals in terms of capital, technology, information, etc., concentrates their efforts, and jointly manages the income, and the income is divided according to shares. From the perspective of the management system, Langfang City has initially formed a city, county, township and village with a state-owned nursery as the leader, a rural collective nursery as the backbone, a sports seedling as the main body, a state, a collective, an individual, a joint venture, and a variety of ownership systems. Level nursery network.
Third, the main problems
Seedling production is not compatible with afforestation seedlings. The most prominent problem is that the rate of production is higher than the rate of seedlings. Due to the high price of improved varieties, the people's eagerness for quick success is serious, and most of the nursery seedlings are based on seed production. The first and second grades of seedlings are in short supply, and the large breast diameter seedlings are in short supply.
The supervision and management of seedling quality is not compatible with the seedling market, and the phenomenon of intrusion and indiscriminateness is serious. Due to the imperfect quality of the seedling quality supervision and inspection institutions, some of the improved varieties have flowed into the market without being identified, resulting in serious false and substandard filling, which will cause difficulties in the future sales of seedlings, and will also affect the quality and efficiency of afforestation.
The state-owned nursery demonstration belt is ineffective. Due to the rigid management system of state-owned nursery and the lack of long-term investment, backward infrastructure, and low quality of personnel, it is difficult to play the leading role and leading role in the face of increasingly fierce market competition.
Seedling varieties are not competitive. Because of the relatively simple method of seedling forest and shelterbelt seedlings, the survival rate of seedlings is high and the effect is quick, which has become the first choice for most people in rural areas. However, the application of timber seedlings is mainly in the local rural areas and surrounding areas. It is not suitable for large-scale long-distance transportation, which brings great limitations to the sales of seedlings. At the same time, due to the simplicity of the tree species, it is easy to cause large-scale pests and diseases.
The popularization rate of conventional nursery techniques is low, and the degree of intensive nursery is not high. This year's newly developed private nursery, the operators originally engaged in the industry is more mixed, most of them do not have the experience of nursery, plus no professional and technical personnel to guide, the technical application is not in place, the management is extensive, the emergence rate and the seedling rate are low.
Fourth, the direction and layout of the development of the seedling industry in our city.
In view of the status quo, characteristics and existing problems of seedling development in the city, on the basis of in-depth analysis and research, the guiding ideology, development goals and overall layout of the city's seedling work are proposed.
guiding ideology. Focusing on improving the quality of seedlings in an all-round way, we will further optimize the layout, vigorously strengthen infrastructure construction, implement the Seed Law, strengthen the management of seed market, and do a good job in building a system of quality, market information, and quality supervision and inspection. Give full play to the leading role of the state-owned nursery and demonstration, promote the modernization, basement and industrialization of seedling production, and provide a sufficient number of seedlings with excellent varieties and quality for the forestry construction and greening requirements of the city and Beijing-Tianjin market.
development Goals. By 2005, the nursery planting area will reach 13,000 hectares, with an annual output of 90 million seedlings. The seed supply rate will reach over 90%, the seedlings pass rate will reach over 95%, the good seed use rate will reach 100%, and the commercial seedling rate will reach 80%. The qualified rate of seedlings and seedlings reached over 90%, and the annual output value was more than 200 million yuan. A relatively complete seedling breeding system, technology support system and market service system were gradually established.
Overall layout. According to the natural conditions, social conditions and greening and beautifying market demand throughout the city, the development of seedling production according to local conditions, the city is divided into three major seedling production areas: the three cities of the three rivers, Dachang, Xianghe, the soil is better, adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin, A well-known seedling base and a high-efficiency forestry nursery base should be established to meet the local and Beijing-Tianjin greening needs; in the central districts of Guangyang, Anci, Yongqing and Gu'an, there are many sand and wasteland and sandy soils, and the soil is thin. The greening tasks in this area are relatively large, and should be based on the development of green materials for seedlings and economic forest seedlings; in the three cities and counties of Bazhou, Wen'an and Dacheng in the south, the terrain is relatively low, and there are more saline and alkali soils. Construction of seedling bases such as pasture and amorpha.
V. Main countermeasures adopted
Increase publicity and do a good job in industry services. Forestry departments at all levels should stand at the forefront of the market, learn and master advanced seedling technology, collect a wide range of seedling information, and send new information and new technologies to the fields and people's homes through various technical training or TV lectures. The municipal and county-level forestry departments should actively carry out the management of giant trees and industry services in the forestry seedling industry. On the basis of investigation and research, carry out scientific planning, formulate implementation plans for medium and long-term seedling planning, and improve the macroscopic regulation of seedlings. Make the first pass for afforestation and greening.
With the state-owned nursery driving the radiation as the driving force, the quality and efficiency will be improved. Faced with the situation of “small sails competition” in the seedling market, state-owned nurseries rely on their own technological advantages, infrastructure advantages and information advantages to play a “leading role” and form a community of interests with extensive production of nursery households, benefit sharing and risk. Take the joint approach of “company + farmer” to achieve group-based development and low-cost expansion.
Do a good job in building a good and complex information system. First, establish a municipal-level forestry breeding base as soon as possible, and give it a “city-level forestry breeding base” sign printed in the city, giving priority to new varieties, technical services, and information services. Second, all districts, cities and counties should also determine the county-level forestry breeding bases on the basis of municipal-level selection, so as to form a two-level forestry breeding system at the city and county level, in order to speed up the pace of breeding of forests in the city and give full play to the demonstration of the base. . The third is to improve the overall level of nursery in the city while doing a good job in Geyucheng, Gu'an Nanwangqiying, Xianghe Agricultural Development Zone and Sanhe Agricultural High-tech Park. The fourth is to establish a seedling information network, realize resource sharing, information sharing, and cooperate with the provincial seedling station to build a network system with unimpeded information, so as to achieve an organic combination of seedling production and afforestation.
Establish and improve seedling law enforcement and quality supervision agencies. The law enforcement work of forest seedlings should be the top priority of seedling management, and it is often unremitting. First, the implementation of the "Seed Law", strict management and distribution of seed production and business licenses, so that each seed producer and operator are certified to produce and operate. Second, intensify law enforcement, strengthen law enforcement inspections and public opinion supervision, and strictly prohibit the production and operation of forest seedlings by units and individuals who do not have the conditions. The third is to establish quality supervision and inspection stations at the municipal and key counties, equipped with equipment, training personnel, and quality supervision and inspection at all levels to prevent counterfeit and shoddy seedlings from being used for afforestation.
First, the basic situation of forest seed production
There are 1829 nurseries in the city, with a total nursery area of 99,400 mu. Among them, this year's new breeding is 69,700 mu, which is available for the afforestation seedlings of 7.131 million in winter and spring. Divided by ownership: 12 state-owned nurseries, 2264 acres of nursery area, accounting for 2% of the city's nursery area, seed production of 6.59 million, accounting for 2.7% of the city's total seedlings; 28 collective nursery, seedling area of 3135 acres, accounting for The city's nursery area is 3.2%, the seedling production is 8.114 million, accounting for 3.3% of the total seedling production; the individual nursery is 1789, the nursery area is 94,075 mu, accounting for 94.6% of the city's nursery area, and the seedling volume is 229.32 million. The city's seedling volume was 93.6%.
Second, the main features of forest seed production
It is a trend of base, scale and industrialization. The state attaches great importance to the construction of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial policies, and the large-scale afforestation activities in the northwest and Beijing-Tianjin regions have effectively promoted the development of forestry seedling industry in Langfang. All localities have seized the opportunity of shortage of seedlings and rising seedling prices, combined with the adjustment of agricultural structure, and vigorously developed the seedling industry. The production of seedlings in the city has shown a trend of base, scale and industrialization. Up to now, there are 205 nurseries in the city with more than 100 mu, 380 nurseries with more than 50 mu, and 1,283 nurseries with more than 20 mu. Among them, individual private nursery has become a new force in Langfang City's nursery industry. The seedling company was established in Geyu Town Village of Anci District. The production and operation mode of the company plus farmers was implemented. The production, supply and sales were one-stop. The area of forest land was 5,800 mu on 6688 mu of land, including 2,000 mu of nursery, not only removed. The hat of poverty and backwardness has also become a well-known production base for timber seedlings. Wang Gang, the owner of Yongqing County Individual Tea House, invested more than 1.5 million yuan in contracting 1,000 mu of land in Caojiawu Township. He used advanced sprinkler irrigation technology to hire professional technicians with seedling experience to guide production and develop new varieties of fast-growing poplar to become a sports seedling in the city. The vanguard.
High standard organization production. First, the major nursery water and electricity facilities are basically matched, and advanced water-saving technologies such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are applied to production. Second, communication equipment is widely used, and nurse farmers can obtain market information quickly and conveniently. A small number of large seedling farmers also purchased a computer, and went online at their own expense. They timely mastered all kinds of seedlings purchase and sales information and advanced seedling technology, and stood at the forefront of the market. Third, the high-tech seedlings have been applied, and new seedling cultivation techniques such as seedling cultivation, container seedling cultivation, and full-light haze cutting seedlings have been introduced in key nurseries. The Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of China and South Korea demonstrated a investment of 4 million yuan in the demonstration farm, and initially built the largest greenhouse greenhouse in Hebei Province, realizing the automation and scale of seedling production.
Breeding varieties are well-specified. Since winter and spring, most of the farmers in Langfang have recognized the market advantages of forestry and have adopted various channels to actively purchase samples from research institutes and provenance bases. Especially with the advent of the fourth generation of poplars in the winter and spring, the procurement wars and price wars of the species have reached a feverish level. Due to the tightness of the seed source, the original seedlings of a few cents actually reached a few yuan, or even a dozen yuan. On the basis of Langfang Yang's “hot” for several years, the European and American Yang 107, 108, 84K and Zhonglin 2000 series Yang renewed the seedling market. According to the survey data of this spring nursery, the city has developed 11,823 mu of 107 poplars in Europe and America, 1785 mu of 108 poplars in Europe and America, 735 mu of 84K poplars, and 38,878 mu of Langfang Yang and Zhonglin 46 poplars. The city's famous and excellent new varieties rate reached more than 95%, a record high, basically forming a benign seedling market structure with the fourth-generation fast-growing poplar varieties such as Ouyang Yang 107, 108, 84K Yang as the rookie and local varieties.
The business form is flexible and diverse. There are several main forms of nursery management in our city: 1 State-owned seedlings. State-owned nurseries still play a leading role in demonstrating. They make full use of their resource advantages, capital advantages, technological advantages, and information advantages, and continue to play a key role in the introduction of new varieties and the promotion of new technologies. 2 rural collective nursery. This part of the nursery is mainly a village sports seedlings, accounting for a small proportion. Its main mode of operation is collective unified planning, unified land acquisition, unified management, and unified sales. The advantage is that it gives full play to the collective advantages and can concentrate human and material resources and strengthen the collective economy. The shortcomings are responsibility, power, and profit are not clear, the cost is high, the waste is big, and the benefit is low. 3 sports seedlings. The sports seedlings are divided into two forms: one is the sole proprietorship of seedlings, and through the bidding, bidding, development of sand shortages, lease of land, etc., the use of profitable funds from other industries to invest in seedling production. The second is the joint-stock breeding system. Through technology shareholding, capital share, land share, etc., seedlings are formed in the form of shareholding system. This method makes up for the shortcomings of individuals in terms of capital, technology, information, etc., concentrates their efforts, and jointly manages the income, and the income is divided according to shares. From the perspective of the management system, Langfang City has initially formed a city, county, township and village with a state-owned nursery as the leader, a rural collective nursery as the backbone, a sports seedling as the main body, a state, a collective, an individual, a joint venture, and a variety of ownership systems. Level nursery network.
Third, the main problems
Seedling production is not compatible with afforestation seedlings. The most prominent problem is that the rate of production is higher than the rate of seedlings. Due to the high price of improved varieties, the people's eagerness for quick success is serious, and most of the nursery seedlings are based on seed production. The first and second grades of seedlings are in short supply, and the large breast diameter seedlings are in short supply.
The supervision and management of seedling quality is not compatible with the seedling market, and the phenomenon of intrusion and indiscriminateness is serious. Due to the imperfect quality of the seedling quality supervision and inspection institutions, some of the improved varieties have flowed into the market without being identified, resulting in serious false and substandard filling, which will cause difficulties in the future sales of seedlings, and will also affect the quality and efficiency of afforestation.
The state-owned nursery demonstration belt is ineffective. Due to the rigid management system of state-owned nursery and the lack of long-term investment, backward infrastructure, and low quality of personnel, it is difficult to play the leading role and leading role in the face of increasingly fierce market competition.
Seedling varieties are not competitive. Because of the relatively simple method of seedling forest and shelterbelt seedlings, the survival rate of seedlings is high and the effect is quick, which has become the first choice for most people in rural areas. However, the application of timber seedlings is mainly in the local rural areas and surrounding areas. It is not suitable for large-scale long-distance transportation, which brings great limitations to the sales of seedlings. At the same time, due to the simplicity of the tree species, it is easy to cause large-scale pests and diseases.
The popularization rate of conventional nursery techniques is low, and the degree of intensive nursery is not high. This year's newly developed private nursery, the operators originally engaged in the industry is more mixed, most of them do not have the experience of nursery, plus no professional and technical personnel to guide, the technical application is not in place, the management is extensive, the emergence rate and the seedling rate are low.
Fourth, the direction and layout of the development of the seedling industry in our city.
In view of the status quo, characteristics and existing problems of seedling development in the city, on the basis of in-depth analysis and research, the guiding ideology, development goals and overall layout of the city's seedling work are proposed.
guiding ideology. Focusing on improving the quality of seedlings in an all-round way, we will further optimize the layout, vigorously strengthen infrastructure construction, implement the Seed Law, strengthen the management of seed market, and do a good job in building a system of quality, market information, and quality supervision and inspection. Give full play to the leading role of the state-owned nursery and demonstration, promote the modernization, basement and industrialization of seedling production, and provide a sufficient number of seedlings with excellent varieties and quality for the forestry construction and greening requirements of the city and Beijing-Tianjin market.
development Goals. By 2005, the nursery planting area will reach 13,000 hectares, with an annual output of 90 million seedlings. The seed supply rate will reach over 90%, the seedlings pass rate will reach over 95%, the good seed use rate will reach 100%, and the commercial seedling rate will reach 80%. The qualified rate of seedlings and seedlings reached over 90%, and the annual output value was more than 200 million yuan. A relatively complete seedling breeding system, technology support system and market service system were gradually established.
Overall layout. According to the natural conditions, social conditions and greening and beautifying market demand throughout the city, the development of seedling production according to local conditions, the city is divided into three major seedling production areas: the three cities of the three rivers, Dachang, Xianghe, the soil is better, adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin, A well-known seedling base and a high-efficiency forestry nursery base should be established to meet the local and Beijing-Tianjin greening needs; in the central districts of Guangyang, Anci, Yongqing and Gu'an, there are many sand and wasteland and sandy soils, and the soil is thin. The greening tasks in this area are relatively large, and should be based on the development of green materials for seedlings and economic forest seedlings; in the three cities and counties of Bazhou, Wen'an and Dacheng in the south, the terrain is relatively low, and there are more saline and alkali soils. Construction of seedling bases such as pasture and amorpha.
V. Main countermeasures adopted
Increase publicity and do a good job in industry services. Forestry departments at all levels should stand at the forefront of the market, learn and master advanced seedling technology, collect a wide range of seedling information, and send new information and new technologies to the fields and people's homes through various technical training or TV lectures. The municipal and county-level forestry departments should actively carry out the management of giant trees and industry services in the forestry seedling industry. On the basis of investigation and research, carry out scientific planning, formulate implementation plans for medium and long-term seedling planning, and improve the macroscopic regulation of seedlings. Make the first pass for afforestation and greening.
With the state-owned nursery driving the radiation as the driving force, the quality and efficiency will be improved. Faced with the situation of “small sails competition” in the seedling market, state-owned nurseries rely on their own technological advantages, infrastructure advantages and information advantages to play a “leading role” and form a community of interests with extensive production of nursery households, benefit sharing and risk. Take the joint approach of “company + farmer” to achieve group-based development and low-cost expansion.
Do a good job in building a good and complex information system. First, establish a municipal-level forestry breeding base as soon as possible, and give it a “city-level forestry breeding base” sign printed in the city, giving priority to new varieties, technical services, and information services. Second, all districts, cities and counties should also determine the county-level forestry breeding bases on the basis of municipal-level selection, so as to form a two-level forestry breeding system at the city and county level, in order to speed up the pace of breeding of forests in the city and give full play to the demonstration of the base. . The third is to improve the overall level of nursery in the city while doing a good job in Geyucheng, Gu'an Nanwangqiying, Xianghe Agricultural Development Zone and Sanhe Agricultural High-tech Park. The fourth is to establish a seedling information network, realize resource sharing, information sharing, and cooperate with the provincial seedling station to build a network system with unimpeded information, so as to achieve an organic combination of seedling production and afforestation.
Establish and improve seedling law enforcement and quality supervision agencies. The law enforcement work of forest seedlings should be the top priority of seedling management, and it is often unremitting. First, the implementation of the "Seed Law", strict management and distribution of seed production and business licenses, so that each seed producer and operator are certified to produce and operate. Second, intensify law enforcement, strengthen law enforcement inspections and public opinion supervision, and strictly prohibit the production and operation of forest seedlings by units and individuals who do not have the conditions. The third is to establish quality supervision and inspection stations at the municipal and key counties, equipped with equipment, training personnel, and quality supervision and inspection at all levels to prevent counterfeit and shoddy seedlings from being used for afforestation.
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