Investigation report on poor college students

Summary:

The annual joint entrance examination ended. From June to August, it is a joint test month. With the footsteps of this year's joint entrance exams getting farther and farther away from us, along with the college students who are about to enter the school, whether they are going to become college students. Or have become college students, they all face the same problem...

With the expansion of college enrollment year by year, the opportunities for more and more people to receive higher education, of course, include the poor students who struggle for their future and destiny. Perhaps in their eyes, only through the joint entrance exam Entering the university and accepting higher education is the only way out to finally change their destiny. When the problem of poor college students is becoming more and more serious and has become a concern of the society, when the major media before and after the entrance exams continue to report on such issues, the poor students who may be reported will get Social concerns, perhaps their fate will also be changed, but they are only a lot of poor students, and there are more poor college students, what is their fate?

In order to protect poor college students from studying the university due to tuition fees, they cannot complete their own studies. They have also introduced a series of measures. The most common may be national student loans, but is it difficult for poor students to apply? What new problems will arise? Has the student loan been truly implemented and played its biggest role?

After entering school, what will the life of poor college students be like? What kind of problems will they encounter after graduation?

During the summer vacation, I used the time at home to do the following investigations in the local civil affairs departments and poor families. The problem of impoverished students entering the school has become a more serious problem in the rural areas where the economy is not developed. Tuition fees have become another The burden has made the problem of poor rural students closely linked to the issue of farmers.

·How to write the investigation report·How to write the market investigation report·Investigation report format·Three rural areas investigation report

·Environmental investigation report ·University survey report ·Study report of middle school students ·Report on rural education investigation

text:

First, the trouble after the joint entrance exam

Perhaps it is long-term influenced by Chinese traditional thoughts. In the hearts of the majority of Chinese parents, there is still such an idea: “Learning is good and good”, learning well means that good students have the ability, and learning well means that there will be a good future. The future... This kind of idea is still popular in the minds of people in the city, not to mention the fact that in the rural areas where knowledge and economics are generally underdeveloped, only by learning well can there be a way out. This kind of thinking is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. For students whose families are not rich, this has become their way out of trouble, and even considered to be the only way out.

In my impression, it seems that there are always a few good grades from small to large classes, and that several people have one thing in common. They are all poor students. Their family's annual income is only one month's salary for white-collar families, and even less, and most of the income of these families is used for children's books. These poor students have been indoctrinated since childhood, only through learning to lead a good life, in order to get rid of poverty and get rid of the fate of being a farmer. Therefore, these poor students are generally excellent in school. They read books not only as a way to gain knowledge, but also as a means of getting out of poverty. But this is only the overall situation. Not every poor student’s academic performance is relatively good. This part of the poor students have to take their reading dreams because of family poverty, and hope that it can be realized in their next generation. Thus, this idea continues to be inherited.

Due to poverty, when these students choose their school, even though their scores are very high, the first factor they consider often shifts to the school's tuition fees. This kind of thing happens to us. During the summer, I went into the countryside and contacted many poor students. Among them, there were very good results, and there were also joint exams. One of them left a deep impression on me.

When I went to his house, it was a morning. I walked for about three hours. There are very few people on the road, but there is only one feeling that I have been along the river. After a trip, under the guidance of passers-by, I saw a house made of adobe bricks made of yellow mud. After entering, Lin Qing and his mother warmly received me. Lin Qing is a very lively person, very talkative. He is a sophomore year and is studying at Northwestern Polytechnical University.

"When I filled out my volunteers, I only considered two aspects. On the one hand, I can't go to a university that is too bad. On the other hand, tuition is a problem that I can't ignore, so I can only choose schools in the northwest. I I don't want to bring more burden to my family."

Lin Qing’s performance at the university was good. Scholarships were awarded for four consecutive semesters. Lin Qing also had a younger sister in high school. According to Lin Qing’s mother, Lin Qing’s father is working outside the home. She works at home and the income of one year is not more than five or six thousand dollars. Apart from the daily expenses of the family, there is simply no way for two children to study. Lin Qing had no choice but to apply for a student loan. In the rural areas, it seems that every household has a way to make money in addition to farming. When it’s okay, it touches tin foil. It is said that there are more than a thousand tin foils, which can sell for 10 yuan. On average, a tin foil is less than one. Dividing money, one hundred years of skillful touch is also a hundred. Not only that, in the summer, tin foil often gives off a pungent smell due to the high temperature. When Lin Qing’s mother is fine, she will rely on this to earn some money. In addition, she will make a little incense to find someone to sell on behalf of. This is not enough to meet Lin Qing’s college tuition, not to mention the cost of living. In the university, Lin Qing not only has to learn, but also has to work part-time.

“I brought two tutors this semester, and I was able to arrange my time so that learning and work can be done at the same time.”

For students like Lin Qing, the tuition fee is the burden of the family's starring. But he finally got the title of the gold medal and stepped into the door of the university. At the same time, for those students whose family status is not good and their academic performance is not ideal, there are more problems.

This kind of situation has a very lively example around me.

Chu Na was a playmate of my childhood. We grew up together and she was one grade lower than me.

She is now a student at the Department of Fine Arts in Suzhou. When she was in high school, her father died of cirrhosis due to B liver, and the treatment died. Before the death of his father, the main expenses of the family were used in the treatment of the father of Chu Na, except for the tuition fees of the two children and the daily expenses of the family. The main source of income of the family was only the business of the mother. A small shoe store. In 2005, the co-exaural exam of Cina did not reach the university department line. In high school, Chu Na’s school was always art. So when she was taking the exam, she took the art exam. After the score came down, Chu Na did not reach the university department. But she did not want to lose the opportunity to study from then on, so she applied for an art major in a college. As we all know, the tuition of art majors has been very high, which is undoubtedly worse for such a family.

"Chu Na’s annual tuition is close to 8,000 yuan. It’s really not something that our family can afford. It’s not just Chu Na, but also Chuna’s younger brother. He is a high school student this year. He will also be a senior in the second half...”

"I don't know how to get a job after graduation..."

Under the system and atmosphere of the joint entrance examination, people with a little common sense know that whether it is filling in a volunteer or a small choice of the recruiting staff, the decision is a person's life. According to the public welfare survey entitled "China's Poor Student Survey Report", in 2006, 60% of the poor candidates had no tuition fees. According to the report, the average annual expenditure on education for children of each poverty-stricken student's family, including living expenses, is around 6,780 yuan, which is higher than their average household income of 4,756 yuan. More than two-thirds of households cannot make ends meet, and 81% of households The total income is not enough to cover the children's education expenses, 10.2% of the family's education expenditure rate is as high as 79.8%, and only 4.7% of the family's education expenditure ratio is less than 40%. An official of the China Youth Development Foundation pointed out sharply: "If the joint entrance examination is an unavoidable threshold for entering the university, then for those poor families, university tuition is another insurmountable hidden threshold. Raising tuition fees. The difficulties are even far beyond the difficulties of the joint entrance examination. Now, 60% of students who successfully passed the entrance examination are facing this hidden threshold that is more difficult to cross than the joint entrance examination. The poverty of college freshmen has become a transcendence of education. social problem."



Second, the trouble after entering the university.

This year, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made great efforts to build and improve the financial aid system for poor students in colleges and universities. The phenomenon of poor students entering the school and difficulties in studying at the school has been greatly improved. One of the important measures is the establishment of a national student loan. But what about the implementation of this measure? Is there a real solution to the problem of poor college students?

In the past, the student loan policy played an important role in solving the university economic problems of the poor candidates. It is generally believed that the more difficult the economy, the more willing families choose loans, but in the China Youth Development Foundation’s survey on poverty. The China Youth Foundation unexpectedly found that the demand for student loans was a “spindle-like” distribution of the two:

According to the analysis, the reason for this situation is that poor students in low-income families need social assistance, while children in middle-income families have stronger self-financing ability, and their confidence in repayment ability determines that they are more willing to apply for student loans. . For poor students with a slightly higher family income, the choice of subsidizing living expenses or tuition fees is more prominent in the way of university logistics and schooling. After all, the family's economic affordability is relatively strong in this group.

The report’s leaked set of information is surprising. According to the survey, as of August 2005, the number of students enrolled in ordinary colleges in China was 15.61 million, of which 4.05 million were poor students, accounting for 26% of the total number of students. However, as of the end of 2005, the proportion of college students who received student loans was about 11.4%, and about 1.78 million poor college students failed to obtain student loans.

“There is a significant gap between the total amount of national student loans and actual demand,” said the China Youth Development Foundation.

After analysis and research, the China Youth Development Foundation proposed that the first semester tuition fee can solve the problem of poor college students' dreams or broken.

Based on the analysis of the survey data and based on the analysis of the existing data, the China Youth Development Foundation believes that among the current poor students, ethnic colleges have the highest proportion of poverty, and the proportion of poor students in state subsidized institutions is higher.

The report shows that 12.7% of poor students can't afford to pay the university's first year tuition fees and may abandon the university; 60% of the poor students can't get the tuition fees for the first semester of the freshman year, and a large number of candidates are most worried about the source of tuition during the college entrance exam.

After entering the university, as mentioned above, the source of tuition during the university is the most considered problem of poverty. Many poor students also use student loans as their source of tuition. But the problem is that not every poor student can apply. To the national student loans, not every person applying for a national student loan is a poor student. After the poor students are solved in the source of tuition fees, the so-called people eat food for the sky, and it is not just the tuition fee that surrounds the poor students. There are also problems with life. First of all, they must live in school. Only when they live can there be other possibilities.

In a survey report on poor students in the School of Journalism and Communication of Zhejiang University, according to the household income, the average income of these poor families is around 4100. The income of the poor families is less than 400 yuan. Now, the average tuition fee for each tongue-study function is about 5,400 yuan per year, which does not include daily living expenses.

According to the survey, the living expenses of poor students are only 217 yuan per month. In large cities, this 217 yuan can only meet the basic needs of students to eat, and the living expenses provided by more than half of the poor families are between 101----300 yuan, and 17 % of households do not provide living expenses. Three-quarters of the students around the poor students spend between 300---700 yuan per month, an average of 576 yuan, which is twice that of poor students.



Third, the serious harm of poverty to college students

It is a happy thing to go to college. But in the face of thousands or even tens of thousands of tuition fees, poor children and parents are not happy. In some places, there are even tragedies of impoverished students and abortions. . I have reported such things in the Southern Weekend.

Poverty has seriously affected the physical health of poor college students -

College students' fees have led to a surge in poverty-stricken students, and 30% of poor students have no money to go home for the New Year. The reason is that the toll is insufficient or work to pay for the semester living expenses. The media reports before and after the Spring Festival this year are heartbreaking and have aroused widespread concern in society.

Due to poverty, many poor college students have chosen to work outside the home and even have several jobs to “save” themselves. The embarrassment of the economically “difficult” and the psychological paralysis caused by poor college students are often difficult for outsiders to feel.

Seriously affect the life and study of poor students, and damage their physical and mental health. The survey shows that the vast majority of poor students have difficulty in protecting their basic lives, and their living conditions are far below the minimum standard of living in the school. The problem of eating and dressing is very serious. The phenomenon of eating only two meals a day or hunger for a meal is very common among poor students. The life of poor students is often described as "five gimmicks a day, buy food once a week, military training clothing for four years", and the health of the body is seriously damaged. These students are also suffering from psychological stress due to their economic burdens. As a result, they are prone to psychological problems such as inferiority, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Some students have become economically and physically and mentally "difficult."

A counselor from a college in Chengdu said that there are seven or eight students from poor mountain areas in her class. When they are eating, they are always reluctant to eat with their classmates with good family economics. They often buy a meal by themselves. Something happened, and some even saved the long-term refusal to eat meat. She said that the impact of the disparity between the rich and the poor in society has been deeply revealed in college students.

Many colleges and universities have vigorously donated and helped the poor, or marked the "poor students" in the cover of the book, or invited the representatives of the poor to accept the donation. Although the scene is hot, some students are more and more sad. A girl is angrily saying: "I am borrowing money and I am not willing to accept poor donations." After entering the winter vacation, in order to save money, she even avoided the peak of classmates eating. She used the instant noodles to spend the day. Surveys from university campuses hit people's minds from time to time: poor students are diligent and talented, but because of poverty, they must endure the suffering of their livelihood while learning. Some of them have to be careful in the canteen every day. Because of the lack of winter clothes, we often see their trembling in the cold wind. Recently, the media reported that in many places, many peasant families "cause poverty due to teaching." Children go to school like gambling. To support a college student, poor farmers are borrowing money. If students can't find a job after graduation, the debt will make them difficult to repay in their lifetime. An embarrassed female university student at Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics in Wuhan often went to the school cafeteria to lick others to eat the remaining gimmicks, and it was two years. She is from the countryside, and her meal card consumption schedule shows that in 2004, she spent eight triangles and five cents. The same thing was found in Nanjing, and the result was a lot of follow-up on the website, and the public opinion was in vain.

Today's high tuition fees are now a huge increase in the number of poor students in the university. Their survival is really worrying: the university was originally an opportunity to change oneself and family. Now it seems that everything is blurred, and the uncertain employment prospects are high. The scary tuition fees, due to the lack of money, their competitiveness is obviously not as good as the students who have money and relationship. It is really a matter of making people doubt the future of the university and paying so much money. What have I got?

While bringing physical problems to poor students, poverty has also seriously affected their academic performance.

The survey shows that 37.3% of poor college students have the experience of subsidizing living expenses by work-study, and they are quite helpless. They often work hard to earn money and have a lot of impact on normal learning. 2,601% of poor students rely on the support of their relatives and friends to study, and 11.1% of the poor students' living expenses depend on government subsidies and other aspects of funding. 31.9% of poor college students have an annual income of less than 3,000 yuan, and households with an annual income of between 3001 and 5,000 yuan account for 26.1%.

The monthly living expenses of poor students are about one-half or less of that of ordinary students, and even the most basic dietary problems cannot be guaranteed. They are mostly struggling in their lives, and they have to limit the cost of all aspects of their lives at all times. They are often in a dilemma, and even the habits of school are hard to guarantee. According to the survey of poor female college students, 45.6% of poor college students have difficulty in living and can only be maintained by work-study; 42.2% of poor female college students are in a tight life, and their money must be carefully planned to maintain their lives; The poverty of female college students is particularly difficult. It is no longer sustainable and cannot continue to go to school. 84.7% of poor female college students are under pressure from family financial difficulties; 42.0% are under pressure to learn to be nervous; and 28.1% are under pressure to test unsatisfactory exams and fear of talking about money with their classmates.

At the same time as such a large pressure on the team, the majority of the learning goals of the poor students are to get scholarships. At the same time, on the other hand, they neglect the cultivation of their own abilities. Thus, in the future employment, there are more obstacles.

Poverty causes college students to have psychological barriers and even to commit crimes -

Objectively looking at the mentality of poor students in terms of economic conditions, regional differences, and social ethos can be divided into optimistic, anxious, inferior and sensitive. Because poor students have different understandings, evaluations, explanations and beliefs about life events, they have psychological barriers and some do not. Poor students also have their own psychological advantages, cultivate self-esteem and self-improvement awareness; adjust their understanding, reconstruct themselves, and improve their own ability; schools and society should expand and improve the support network of poor students to promote their healthy growth.



Poor college students are under greater physical and mental stress than the average college student. In order to alleviate the economic pressure, they try their best to find opportunities to work and study hard at the same time, in order to get higher-level scholarships. Working and learning compete for time and energy. Many poor college students are physically and mentally exhausted. Over time, their personality changes and even symptoms of mental illness occur.

The psychology of poor college students is also under pressure from peer groups. The wealthy classmates of the family are generous and have a wide range of friends, and the poor college students are struggling to survive, not only to learn, but also to make a living, to have more economic strength and energy, to participate in campus cultural activities. As a result, poor students are prone to psychologically defensive reactions, hostile attitudes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

In addition, poor students are also discriminated against, degraded and ridiculed in society because of “sadness”. Strong self-esteem has led them to show their attitude towards ignorance and hostility towards the “money-first society”.

Introverted personality, inferiority is heavier, not good at expression, "not with the group. A survey of the situation of poor college students in the capital city shows that 60% of poor students are ashamed of poverty; 22.5% of poor students feel very inferior, Unwilling to let others know their situation, can not restrain the sympathy of teachers and students in good faith; 42.2% of poor students are not willing to openly ask for help on the Internet or other bodies, and are unwilling to actively interact with people, and life is quite closed; The enthusiasm of 40% of poor students to participate in social activities has been hit; nearly 20% of poor students have an extreme view of society due to poverty and affect mental health.



Fourth, the employment problem of poor college students

In the Southern Weekend, there was such a report, "Graduation is a mirage of employment, such as the mirror of flowers and water," which contains such a paragraph, profoundly describing the employment situation of college students in the west:

The same college tuition, in the west, is equivalent to a 35-year income from a strong workforce.

The same employment pressure, in the west, may mean that many years of unemployment depend on moving bricks to make a living.

Knowledge has not changed their destiny, but may have exacerbated their plight

All this is urgently needed to arouse the vigilance and concern of all walks of life.

In 2005, there were 5.04 million enrolled students in colleges and universities nationwide, 4.7 times that of 1998. The number of colleges and universities was 23 million, ranking first in the world. Some education experts have analyzed that the expansion of China's higher education has only passed the 27-year history of the United States in four years, which is a feat.

With such rapid enrollment expansion, while giving more people a chance to go to college, the aftereffects are inevitably started to occur frequently, and the symptoms are more obvious in the poor areas of the west.

Compared with students with good economic conditions, poor graduates are mostly from the backcountry or urban low-income families, and there is no awkward economic foundation. There is no “personality” that can be relied on, and they can only struggle on their own; avoiding the high cost of employment and carrying Personal desires and family sustenance are subject to tremendous physical and mental stress.

Therefore, the employment behavior orientation of poor graduates shows the characteristics of being forced to livelihood and more pragmatic.

- The choice of development after graduation. Due to the family's economic difficulties, poor students tend to share the burden of the family as soon as possible and return their families. As a result, the proportion of poor students is significantly lower than that of non-poor students, and most of them choose direct employment. The author's special survey of 10 universities in Central China shows that the proportion of postgraduate students studying graduates is about 40% lower than that of non-poverty students.

- The choice of place of employment. Most of the poor people are forced to livelihood, and they often do not expect high stays in large and medium-sized cities, and their expectations are low. According to the author's many years of work observation and last year's survey, the proportion of poor students seeking job success in large and medium-sized cities is significantly lower than that of non-poor students, while the proportion of employment in the western regions and grassroots units, including participation in provincial education programs, is significantly higher. For non-poverty students.

- the choice of career. Non-poor students need lower education in terms of occupational stability. They prefer to go to the more flexible enterprise units for development, favor foreign companies, Sino-foreign joint ventures or private enterprises. The poor family status, poor graduates with less social capital, are more inclined to choose a more stable party and government organs and institutions.

- The behavioral pattern of job hunting. The job search of poor students is often presented in two extreme ways: some students are “first movers” and think that they are not dependent on them. They are active in two-way recruitment activities early, actively promoting themselves, and they are afraid of losing opportunities when they pick up units. Signing a contract soon, this situation is common in poorer students with relatively better comprehensive conditions. In addition, other poor students with poor self-consciousness often think that no parents can help each other, and they lack job-seeking fees. In addition, they encounter cold faces of employers. After that, they will inevitably sigh and even sit still.

Analysis on the Psychological Causes of Poor Students' Employment Behavior

If poverty is not just a simple economic difficulty, then the disadvantages of most poor students in the employment stage are also due to various reasons.

- The pressure of the country's overall employment situation. China has a large population, a weak economic foundation, a low level of productivity, and a severe employment situation. There are at least 150 million surplus laborers in rural areas of China, and a considerable part of them are flooding into cities to make a living. In the past, state-owned enterprises, which were large employers, are now adapting to market competition, laying off and diverting, reducing staff and increasing efficiency. All government organizations and institutions are under pressure to streamline their institutions and reduce their personnel. The number of graduates is also very limited. In the case of general employment situation, coupled with the expansion of colleges and universities, the employment of college students can not be affected. The original employment situation of “taking the iron rice bowl in college” is gone forever. Employment has become a special problem for today’s college students. It is the first priority for poor college students.

—— Defects in the fair selection of talents by employers. With the reform of the employment system for graduates, the supply and demand meet, and the two-way choice is increasingly familiar to the students who are looking for jobs. However, today, the employment mechanism behind equal competition is not yet sound, and the various social relationships behind students often have a great impact on their employment. Some local or unit leaders often give priority to recruiting people who have a relationship with them. This makes it possible for poor students who have neither relationship nor backstage to find a job without a door, and hope that they will be shocked and hurt by their initial mentality and psychological preparation, resulting in pessimistic negative emotions and psychology.

- The impact of "poverty psychology". As a living condition, poverty has given poor students a deep spiritual bond. One is fear of poverty. Due to the unforgettable experience of the product theory, many poor students will choose their career as their last chance to bid farewell to poverty. They are bent on “jumping out of the farm gate” and are unwilling to go to the grassroots level, to remote areas and hard industries, and fear that the unsatisfactory unit will be lost. Face, fear that the unit will be disbanded or closed down to make yourself fall into poverty. Second, honesty is not radical. Since poor students have been exposed to orthodox education for many years, in the face of aid and relief, they have subconsciously thought that they should “thank you for life”, so they have to go through their job hunting, and they will not be able to try and pursue. Therefore, many job opportunities pass by the poor students.



Fives. Analysis of the problems of poor college students

Before the reform and opening up, China’s higher education costs were all borne by the state, and the state unified the individual’s higher education and living expenses.

Therefore, the problem of poor students has not been revealed despite the facts. After the reform and opening up, especially after the mid-1990s, with the gradual establishment of the socialist market economic system, especially after the reform of the cost-sharing system for higher education, part of the cost of higher education is borne by individuals and families, so poor students in colleges and universities The problem is increasingly prominent. Specifically, there are three main reasons for the prominent problems of poor students in Chinese universities:
First, social reasons are the root causes of poor college students.

As China's social productive forces are still lagging behind and the education base is weak, the overall level of education is still underdeveloped. In 2003, the first report on China's education and human resources issues, from a large population to a strong country of human resources, pointed out that China is still in the ranks of underdeveloped education. One important manifestation is that public education expenditure accounts for less than 4% of GDP. %. This situation shows that it is impossible to implement free education for university students in China, and that free education for compulsory education cannot be realized in a short period of time.

In China, some economically developed regions and cities have also piloted free compulsory education. "Beijing Evening News" reported that 1.7 million Chinese students in Beijing will become the beneficiaries of the first free compulsory education in Beijing's history. The tuition and miscellaneous fees for the opening of the journal will not be used, and all of them will be paid by the government.

Second, due to the large population of China, although the total amount of education investment is large, the per capita education expenditure is very low. In recent years, with the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the total amount of education funding in China has increased significantly. In 2002, the total investment in education in the country reached 548 billion yuan. This amount increased by 84.2 billion yuan from the 4,638 billion yuan in 2001, an increase of 18.2%; an increase of 294.8 billion yuan from the 253.2 billion yuan in 1997, an increase of 116.4%. From 1997 to 2002, the average annual increase in education investment was 16.7%.

Third, because China's education system is still not perfect, the problems of education and fees still existing in the education field have filled the burden of poor students. In 2003, seven ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Education and the State Council’s Office of Corrections, jointly carried out special treatments for unreasonable fees. A total of 2,824 items of illegal education fees were abolished nationwide, and 1,316 fees were reduced, involving an amount of 1.887 billion yuan; the prohibition of forcibly enrolling supplementary materials and lowering the price of teaching materials, reducing the burden on students by 612 million yuan; Give the party discipline and disciplinary action 3606 people...

4. Family poverty is the direct cause of poor college students. Unbalanced regional economic development has intensified the polarization between the rich and the poor. Statistics show that most of the poor students in colleges and universities are from the “old, young, border, mountain, and poor” regions. At the same time, in recent years, the number of urban poor families, especially laid-off workers, has increased. According to the "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2002", although the state has taken various measures to the fullest extent, at the end of 2002, Only the number of laid-off workers who have not been re-employed by state-owned enterprises is 4.1 million; "The overall employment situation is still relatively severe, and the re-employment rate of laid-off workers has decreased from the previous two years, generally between 30% and 40%." The gap between the rich and the poor in the society that has been expanding since the 1980s is inevitably reflected in the campus. In our society, traditional rural families and ordinary urban households account for the vast majority. These families are unlikely to get rid of poverty and get rich in a short period of time. The problem cannot be completely solved in the short term.



Second, the industrialization of education is the direct source of the problems of poor college students.

The reform of the education system and the industrialization of college education have increased the tuition fees, the living expenses are getting higher and higher, and the apartment fees are becoming more and more popular. Since 1996, all kinds of colleges and universities in China have been “consolidated. Although the fees and fees of different schools and different professions are different, the annual per-capita fees for students are mostly between 3,000 yuan and 8,000 yuan, and some key colleges and universities are as high as 10,000 yuan. Coupled with accommodation and living expenses, the average annual cost of a college student is 10,000 yuan or more. The average family is still difficult to pay, and the poor families are more difficult to bear. As a result, the number of poor students in colleges and universities is increasing. The number of students has increased rapidly, and the absolute number of poor students has also risen. The proportion of poor students among the national college students has reached nearly 30%, and the proportion of poor students is 10% to 15%. In some remote areas and mountainous areas, poor students and special hardships The proportion of students is higher, accounting for half of the proportion. In recent years, the government, the education sector, universities and the whole society are paying attention to and helping poor students, but attention and help are mainly concentrated on the economic level. The problem of poor students is a Structural problems.

According to a survey report, Chinese education expenditure is the highest among all household expenditures, and the ratio is almost the highest in the world. Many peasants and ordinary urban workers and families have "provided poverty due to teaching". In order to support a college student, they borrowed debts and went bankrupt. Taking Beijing Normal University as an example, the proportion of college students living on less than 150 yuan per month has increased from 16% to 41%. In Beijing, what is the monthly living cost of 150 yuan?



Third, the aid system is still not perfect, and it is difficult to solve the problem fundamentally.

Since 1987, the party and the government have been working to establish a relatively complete policy system for students with financial difficulties. At present, a system of aids such as “award, loan, assistance, supplement, reduction, and exemption” has been initially established. Various universities and all walks of life also support poor students in various ways. It should be fully affirmed that the poor students in colleges and universities in China have made considerable efforts and achieved certain results. However, compared with the growing demand for impoverished students, there are still many problems and deficiencies in the work and system of poor students in China's colleges and universities. We have not yet established a sufficiently strong, stable and effective working mechanism, so we cannot solve it fundamentally. problem.

The loan system is not perfect and student loans are difficult. In the face of the rapid growth of the number of poor students and the limitations of scholarships, scholarships should be the basic way to solve the problem of poor students completing their studies. But unfortunately, there are many restrictions on the proportion, amount and frequency of loans for poor students. In 2002, the proportion of loans for poor students should not exceed 20% of the number of students in the school, and the annual loan can not exceed 6,000 yuan; and the loan procedures are complicated, and the time and conditions are so many obstacles that poor people can apply for it. Often only 12% to 30% of people can apply for success. Moreover, students can only make one-time loans, such as sudden family, illness, etc. during the four-year period of study, they can not refinance; for the poor students who graduated from the university and continue to study for graduate students, such as the university department loans are not repaid first, then graduate students During the period, you can't refinance, making your studies unsustainable.

The reporter learned from some of the high school student loan management departments in Beijing that in addition to the three well-known universities of Peking University, Tsinghua University and Renmin University of China, most of the school's student loans are in a moratorium. Poor students in colleges and universities are faced with the difficulty of starting school in the next semester, because banks basically stop lending to college students. Although the old man escaping from repayment is the direct cause, there are probably more reasons for the deeper. Now banks are forcibly stopped lending, and despite the truth, there are still suspicions of deceiving everyone. As is known to all, the bad debts of bad debts of Chinese banks are mainly caused by the low loan repayment of student loans, but mainly because some officials of the government are chaotically involved in the image project, and profiteers take the opportunity to engage in a false real estate bubble. Imagine that the annual arrears of students are less than 10 billion, and the bad credit caused by a project may be as high as 100 billion.

Whenever the economic crisis is to be saved, the first thing that people with the right to have money thinks is to pass the price to the poor. The industrialization of higher education has increased the cost of seeking knowledge and learning, and increased the burden of the less affluent Chinese citizens—especially the burden of peasant students. Can it increase the quality of teaching in colleges and universities, and raise the standard of teaching? The overall level of national education? Or is it spent on political achievements, corruption, and private pockets? The reality is cruel, whether you believe it or not, but seeing is believing, there are more and more high-rise buildings in colleges and universities, the salary of the gentlemen is getting higher and higher, the pockets of managers are getting more and more drums, and the students’ minds are getting more and more empty.

Awards and bursaries at all levels can only meet the needs of a very small number of poor students. Although there are various awards and bursaries in the country and schools, due to the unclear boundaries between “excellent awards” and “helping the poor”, the role of rewards and poverty alleviation cannot be effectively practised, and the amount of subsidies can only be emergency, and the operation is not enough. specification. The various scholarships are mainly for the study of outstanding students, while the poor students often have a large impact on the economy due to the multiple burdens of the economy and the body and mind, and it is difficult to obtain scholarships. According to statistics, the proportion of poor students in the winners does not exceed 10%. For example, poor students can get scholarships for the current year, and the amount of bonuses is only 150-1000 yuan. Although colleges and universities do their best to get 5%~10% of tuition fees as a work-study fund, they can provide 20% of students with help. Opportunity, and only 50-100 yuan per person per month. The newly implemented national scholarship system, although the amount is much larger than other scholarships, the first-class scholarship is 6,000 yuan/year, the second-class scholarship is 4,000 yuan/year, and the school is exempted from the full tuition fee of the year, but because of its high level Competition is greater, and it is more difficult for poor students. According to statistics, the proportion of special winners in the winners does not exceed 5%.

The proportion of poor students who receive tuition and miscellaneous fees and special allowances is smaller, and most schools are limited to 5% of poor students. This is not only difficult to meet the needs of the growing impoverished students, but also because the school fees for the reduced tuition fees are borne by the schools, which also puts heavy economic pressure on the school.



Fourth, the generation of poor college students, the students' own factors can not be ignored

First, some poor students have low self-reliance and poor skills, making it difficult to achieve part of the tuition and living expenses by self-reliance. Due to the limitations of the campus environment and the shortage of “working” jobs in colleges and universities, the channels for work-study and student-study have not been very smooth, which has seriously restricted the role of their work; it is not ideal to go out of the campus and explore social resources. Although the results of some poor students' joint entrance examinations are not low, the degree of self-reliance and practical ability in all aspects are poor.

We envied many children in developed countries to learn to stand on their own feet very early. There are also some students in our society who have earned a large sum of money while studying on the sidelines while studying. But it must be admitted that there are more students around us who are generally or poorly motivated. Maybe they have good grades in their exams, but when faced with a job that requires only a simple professionalism, they can only hope to sigh.

Second, some poor students have poor academic performance, which has affected their chances of overcoming poverty. Most of the poor students learn hard and have excellent grades, which may not be the case. There are many students around me who are really poor and whose academic performance is really poor. It’s no problem to get a scholarship. The fact is that you often have to pay for the test fee and repair fee. "People are endless," and poor children seem to have no ambitions, sometimes it is really puzzling.

Third, a small number of poor students' unreasonable lifestyles have exacerbated their poverty. Most of the poor students live simple, and they are reluctant to spend half a penny, which may not be the case. From the countryside to the city, in the city's neon flashing, beautiful, under the various temptations, some primitive children are also easy to get lost. It is a normal mentality to yearn for the rich material life of the city. Without money, it is still a terrible thing to compare and enjoy. There are individual students, family conditions are not good, they are obsessed with online games, and even sink into it and can not extricate themselves. Occasionally playing one or two times is OK, there is no restraint to play, over time, this is undoubtedly a small consumption.

Summary

In summary, poor college students have become a very serious social problem. In rural areas, university tuition expenses

It has become the main burden of farmers, and thus linked with the peasant problem; the problem of the application for student loans after the poverty-stricken college students use the national student loans as the source of tuition fees, and thus the issue of the entire loan system; After the poor college students graduate, they can repay the loan according to the agreement, which will cause the issue of student loans in the future. After four years of university graduation, college students face employment problems. While the poor college students are studying, they must also run for their own survival. The completion of academics will face difficulties different from ordinary people. Some poor students pay more attention to scholarships, thus ignoring the cultivation of their comprehensive ability and causing difficulties for poor students to find employment. Poverty not only brings economic problems to college students, but is also an important factor that causes psychological problems of poor college students. It is also closely related to college students' crimes. The problem of poor college students is not a problem that can be solved in a short period of time. Its solution requires the efforts and help of all aspects of society. At the same time, I think it is more important that poor college students should have a healthy attitude and a grateful heart. "People are poor and endless" to study hard, cultivate their own comprehensive quality, return the society with excellent results, and return the family.


Reference materials:

Survey of Poor College Students in the West: Overdraft for 35 Years in the University of Four Years: Southern Weekend, May 25, 2005

Research Report on Poor College Students in China: South-Central University for Nationalities

Southern Weekend: Going to college and the death of a father

"Thinking about the Employment of Poor College Students": Xiao Bo

Southern Weekend: The high risk of higher education cannot be ignored