Physical experiment report "Adjustment of spectrometer and determination of apex angle of prism"
【Purpose】
1. Understand the structure of the spectrometer and learn how to adjust and use the spectrometer;
2. Measuring the apex angle of the prism by using a spectrometer;
【laboratory apparatus】
Spectrometer, double-sided plane mirror, glass prism.
[Experimental principle]
As shown in Fig. 6, it is assumed that the apex angle a between the AB surface and the AC surface of the prism is to be measured, and only j is obtained, then a = 1800-j.
Figure 6 Measuring the top angle of the prism
[Experimental content and steps]
First, the adjustment of the spectrometer
Adjustment requirements:
1. The telescope focuses on parallel light and its optical axis is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
2. The stage plane is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Telescope adjustment
1. Eyepiece focusing
The purpose of the eyepiece focusing is to make the eye through the eyepiece clearly see the scribe line and the crosshair on the reticle in the eyepiece. Focusing method: Turn on the power of the instrument, rotate the eyepiece focusing handwheel 12, and then side Rotate and observe from the eyepiece until the scribe line is clearly imaged, and then slowly unscrew the handwheel until the sharpness of the line in the eyepiece is destroyed without being destroyed. The eyepiece device 11 is rotated such that the reticle is scored horizontally or vertically.
2. Telescope focusing
The purpose of telescope focusing is to adjust the crosshairs on the reticle to the focal plane, that is, the telescope focuses on infinity. The method is as follows: the double-sided mirror is closely attached to the telescope lens barrel, and the spot reflected from the double-sided mirror is found from the eyepiece, and the eyepiece device 11 is moved back and forth to adjust the focus of the telescope to make the green cross-hair wire image clear. Reciprocating the eyepiece device so that there is no parallax between the green crosshair image and the cross mark on the reticle, and finally tighten the eyepiece device locking screw 10 .
Adjust the optical axis of the telescope perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer
Adjust the stage leveling screws b and c and the telescope optical axis elevation adjusting screw 13 as shown in Figure 7, so that the green cross-hair images reflected from the two faces of the double-sided mirror are all above the reticle The cross tick marks coincide, as shown in Figure 8. At this point the optical axis of the telescope is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer. The specific adjustment methods are as follows:
Place the double-sided mirror on the stage so that the mirror is in the midplane of the line between any two stage leveling screws, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 Adjusting the spectrometer with a mirror
Visually measure the coarse adjustment. The stage leveling screw 7 and the telescope and collimator optical axis elevation adjusting screws 13 and 29 are visually adjusted so that the stage plane and the optical axis of the telescope and the collimator are substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Since the telescope has a small field of view and the scope of observation is limited, to observe the light reflected by the double-sided mirror from the telescope, it should first ensure that the reflected light can enter the telescope. Therefore, the reflected light should be found outside the telescope. Rotate the stage so that the optical axis of the telescope is at a small angle to the normal of the double-sided mirror. The eye observes the double-sided mirror on the outside of the telescope, finds the green cross-hair image reflected by the double-sided mirror, and adjusts the telescope light. The shaft elevation adjustment screw 13 and the stage leveling screws b and c are such that the position of the green cross-hair image reflected from the two mirrors of the double-sided mirror is at the same level as the telescope.
Observed from the telescope. Rotate the stage so that the light reflected by the double-sided mirror enters the telescope. At this point, a clear green crosshair image appears in the telescope, but the image is generally not at the exact position shown in Figure 8, but has a certain height difference from the cross mark above the reticle, as shown in Figure 8. Adjust the telescope optical axis elevation adjustment screw 13 to reduce the height difference h by half, as shown in Figure 8. Then adjust the stage leveling screw b or c to eliminate the height difference, as shown in Figure 8. Rotate the stage slightly to make the green crosshair image completely coincide with the cross mark above the reticle, as shown in Figure 8.
Half of the method
Rotating the stage to rotate the double-sided mirror through 180°, the green crosshair image seen in the telescope may not be in the exact position again, repeating the half-tone method described above, so that the green cross-hair image is located in the telescope The horizontal cross line of the cross mark above the reticle.
Repeat the above steps so that the green crosshairs reflected by both sides of the double-sided mirror are located on the horizontal line of the cross mark above the telescope reticle.
At this point, the optical axis of the telescope is completely perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer. After that, the telescope optical axis elevation adjustment screw 13 can no longer be adjusted arbitrarily!
Second, the determination of the apex angle of the prism
1. Adjustment of the prism to be tested
Place the prism on the stage as shown in Figure 9. Rotate the stage and adjust the stage leveling screw so that the green crosshairs reflected from the two optical surfaces of the prism are located on the horizontal line of the cross mark above the reticle to achieve self-alignment. At this time, the normal lines of the two optical surfaces of the prism are perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Figure 9 Triangular adjustment
2. Self-aligned method for measuring the top angle of the prism
Place the triangular prism in the center of the stage, lock the telescope bracket to the dial coupling screw 22 and the stage locking screw 8, rotate the telescope bracket 15, or rotate the inner verning disc 16 to align the telescope with the AB surface. In the case, read the angle from the two cursors; similarly, rotate the telescope to align the AC surface, read the angle from the time and fill the results into Table 2. From the optical path and geometric relationship in Figure 9, the apex angle of the prism
[data recording and processing]
Table 2 Self-standard method
Number of cursors 1 cursor 2
1. Understand the structure of the spectrometer and learn how to adjust and use the spectrometer;
2. Measuring the apex angle of the prism by using a spectrometer;
【laboratory apparatus】
Spectrometer, double-sided plane mirror, glass prism.
[Experimental principle]
As shown in Fig. 6, it is assumed that the apex angle a between the AB surface and the AC surface of the prism is to be measured, and only j is obtained, then a = 1800-j.
Figure 6 Measuring the top angle of the prism
[Experimental content and steps]
First, the adjustment of the spectrometer
Adjustment requirements:
1. The telescope focuses on parallel light and its optical axis is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
2. The stage plane is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Telescope adjustment
1. Eyepiece focusing
The purpose of the eyepiece focusing is to make the eye through the eyepiece clearly see the scribe line and the crosshair on the reticle in the eyepiece. Focusing method: Turn on the power of the instrument, rotate the eyepiece focusing handwheel 12, and then side Rotate and observe from the eyepiece until the scribe line is clearly imaged, and then slowly unscrew the handwheel until the sharpness of the line in the eyepiece is destroyed without being destroyed. The eyepiece device 11 is rotated such that the reticle is scored horizontally or vertically.
2. Telescope focusing
The purpose of telescope focusing is to adjust the crosshairs on the reticle to the focal plane, that is, the telescope focuses on infinity. The method is as follows: the double-sided mirror is closely attached to the telescope lens barrel, and the spot reflected from the double-sided mirror is found from the eyepiece, and the eyepiece device 11 is moved back and forth to adjust the focus of the telescope to make the green cross-hair wire image clear. Reciprocating the eyepiece device so that there is no parallax between the green crosshair image and the cross mark on the reticle, and finally tighten the eyepiece device locking screw 10 .
Adjust the optical axis of the telescope perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer
Adjust the stage leveling screws b and c and the telescope optical axis elevation adjusting screw 13 as shown in Figure 7, so that the green cross-hair images reflected from the two faces of the double-sided mirror are all above the reticle The cross tick marks coincide, as shown in Figure 8. At this point the optical axis of the telescope is perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer. The specific adjustment methods are as follows:
Place the double-sided mirror on the stage so that the mirror is in the midplane of the line between any two stage leveling screws, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 Adjusting the spectrometer with a mirror
Visually measure the coarse adjustment. The stage leveling screw 7 and the telescope and collimator optical axis elevation adjusting screws 13 and 29 are visually adjusted so that the stage plane and the optical axis of the telescope and the collimator are substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Since the telescope has a small field of view and the scope of observation is limited, to observe the light reflected by the double-sided mirror from the telescope, it should first ensure that the reflected light can enter the telescope. Therefore, the reflected light should be found outside the telescope. Rotate the stage so that the optical axis of the telescope is at a small angle to the normal of the double-sided mirror. The eye observes the double-sided mirror on the outside of the telescope, finds the green cross-hair image reflected by the double-sided mirror, and adjusts the telescope light. The shaft elevation adjustment screw 13 and the stage leveling screws b and c are such that the position of the green cross-hair image reflected from the two mirrors of the double-sided mirror is at the same level as the telescope.
Observed from the telescope. Rotate the stage so that the light reflected by the double-sided mirror enters the telescope. At this point, a clear green crosshair image appears in the telescope, but the image is generally not at the exact position shown in Figure 8, but has a certain height difference from the cross mark above the reticle, as shown in Figure 8. Adjust the telescope optical axis elevation adjustment screw 13 to reduce the height difference h by half, as shown in Figure 8. Then adjust the stage leveling screw b or c to eliminate the height difference, as shown in Figure 8. Rotate the stage slightly to make the green crosshair image completely coincide with the cross mark above the reticle, as shown in Figure 8.
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Half of the method
Rotating the stage to rotate the double-sided mirror through 180°, the green crosshair image seen in the telescope may not be in the exact position again, repeating the half-tone method described above, so that the green cross-hair image is located in the telescope The horizontal cross line of the cross mark above the reticle.
Repeat the above steps so that the green crosshairs reflected by both sides of the double-sided mirror are located on the horizontal line of the cross mark above the telescope reticle.
At this point, the optical axis of the telescope is completely perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer. After that, the telescope optical axis elevation adjustment screw 13 can no longer be adjusted arbitrarily!
Second, the determination of the apex angle of the prism
1. Adjustment of the prism to be tested
Place the prism on the stage as shown in Figure 9. Rotate the stage and adjust the stage leveling screw so that the green crosshairs reflected from the two optical surfaces of the prism are located on the horizontal line of the cross mark above the reticle to achieve self-alignment. At this time, the normal lines of the two optical surfaces of the prism are perpendicular to the central axis of the spectrometer.
Figure 9 Triangular adjustment
2. Self-aligned method for measuring the top angle of the prism
Place the triangular prism in the center of the stage, lock the telescope bracket to the dial coupling screw 22 and the stage locking screw 8, rotate the telescope bracket 15, or rotate the inner verning disc 16 to align the telescope with the AB surface. In the case, read the angle from the two cursors; similarly, rotate the telescope to align the AC surface, read the angle from the time and fill the results into Table 2. From the optical path and geometric relationship in Figure 9, the apex angle of the prism
[data recording and processing]
Table 2 Self-standard method
Number of cursors 1 cursor 2
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