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On the Security of China's Information and Communication Network Construction

Firstly, it puts forward specific measures to improve the ability of China's information and communication network to defend against three natural disasters. Finally, it puts forward the preparation measures for how China's existing information and communication network seeks security in high-tech warfare. Keyword Information and Communication Network to Protect Natural Disasters I. INTRODUCTION Information and communication technologies have made rapid progress in many fields, such as ultra-large-capacity optical communication systems that implement fiber-dense wavelength division multiplexing, and will soon be put into practical use. The third-generation mobile communication system with multiple services and multiple functions, and then the new Internet, which will transform the telephone network for more than 100 years, realize the integration of voice, data and radio and television networks on one network. A generation of internet. The magical development of information and communication has pushed the productive forces of today's society from the industrialized society to the information society. The knowledge economy has irreversibly appeared in the tide of the market commodity economy. However, the material foundation on which the information society is based - the information and communication network, is in a new and relatively fragile position in the world, its growth, its security and reliability, bearing from two Major damage, attack and destruction. One is the software and hardware from the information and communication network equipment system itself. Due to the current state of the art, they inevitably have weaknesses, defects, deterioration, aging, expiration, and mutual stringing, mutual demolition, overpressure, overcurrent, breakdown and burning. In order to ensure the reliability of the equipment system, a huge support system and a comprehensive maintenance and management system for monitoring, monitoring, and conversion functions, as well as cold and hot standby and alternative systems are established to realize automatic or information and communication networks. Manually replace, update components and cables; replace and update software versions; supplement and expand the network. Its purpose is to provide satisfactory reliability for information and communication network equipment systems. Second, due to the intentional and unintentional invasion, attack and destruction of information and communication networks by nature and human activities. The damage caused by nature and human activities can be divided into two categories: regular and accidental. There are roughly seven types of frequent damage, namely, electrification and leakage current corrosion, strong electrical influence, lightning damage, mechanical damage, moisture damage, rodent damage and insect bites. Such damage is generally limited. The damage is not very large, it is not irreparable, but it is frequent and large. Therefore, it is not necessary to strengthen protective measures when constructing the transmission network. Stop the ground for maintenance. In recent years, the maintenance strategies of countries in this respect are roughly the same, but some focus on strengthening the anti-falling ability of equipment systems to reduce the sensitive maintenance work. Such recurring damage also affects the reliability of the equipment system and the reliability of the network. Therefore, when studying the reliability of the network, these seven types of damage must also be uniformly solved. The accidental disaster brought about by nature and human activities, although accidental, is very harsh. In the case of our country, accidental disasters can be classified into three major disasters, namely, terrible flood disasters, fires caused by fires, street fires and communication networks, and earthquake disasters. Under the current human, material and technical conditions, the destructive power of these disasters is sometimes difficult to resist and difficult to resist. For them to be completely destroyed, the manpower is still irresistible. There is also a type of accidental disaster, which is quite different from the above-mentioned accidental disaster, that is, the war caused by human beings because of mutual interests. Such inter-group, inter-class, inter-ethnic, and inter-state wars have not stopped since ancient times. In the 20th century, there have been two world wars. As for the wars of different natures, large and small, which occur between countries and within the country, there are countless wars. Every war brings incalculable losses to people's lives and property, especially in modern warfare. Every time, social infrastructure is completely destroyed or destroyed, and communication facilities are the first to bear the brunt. In today's high-tech war era, war is inseparable from information and communication. Therefore, war must first destroy the information and communication of the other party. At the same time, it must protect its own information and communication network. This makes the war destined to become the information and communication network. The biggest destroyer has become the most insecure factor in information and communication networks. Research on the reliability of information and communication networks has been discussed and discussed in many documents and materials, and is also regulated and elaborated in the ITU literature. In some cases, security and reliability are often linked together. In fact, these are two things that are different in purpose, scope and concept. Connecting them together is an overall requirement of the information and communication network, which is beyond the scope of this topic. Therefore, this article only makes a few comments on the security of information and communication networks. II. Increasing the ability of China's information and communication network to defend against three natural disasters The three major disasters of accidental outbreaks of floods, fires and earthquakes have been the biggest, most serious and most serious disasters in nature. When the outbreak occurred, it was thrilling, but people have always made a brave and fearless fight. However, under the current financial, material and technical level, most of them ended up fighting hard and hard. The Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which claimed 240,000 lives and a large amount of wealth, razed a city of one million people, and destroyed the local communication network. This is something we will never forget. In addition, in 1938, before the liberation, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the levee at the mouth of the Yellow River Garden to block the attack of the Japanese aggressor army. As a result, the largest flood disaster in China's history was artificially created. The Yellow River flooded over Yudong and Yubei. 44 counties in the Great Plains of northern Jiangsu have drowned more than 890,000 people, and the number of people affected has reached more than 12.5 million. At that time, there was no communication network, and only one or two telephone lines could not be found. In 1998, there was a catastrophic flood that occurred once in a hundred years and in the north and south. This ruthless flood occurred in the era when China's economic strength has greatly increased and engineering technology has been greatly improved. The party and state leaders personally directed the millions of soldiers, peasants and cadres to fight hard and hard work, finally resisting the ruthless floods, preserving the flood control embankment, protecting the city, factories and crops, and naturally protecting the information and communication network. . 1. Flood prevention and security, communication network security China's flood disasters are large and small in successive years, but only floods can be caused to the information and communication network, that is, at least in the wider region or larger River basins, which can break through flood control dams, destroy railways, highway subgrades, and enter towns and other floods, will pose a danger to the communication network. Such floods occur every year. In the past decade or so, a large flood occurred in a city in southwest China. The water was flooded into the street, the computer room was partially flooded, and the incoming cable was broken, which made the external communication in a state of paralysis. At this time, it was an urgent need to open the liaison. Nowadays, there are many means of communication. Wired is not universal wireless, and even satellite communication is used. However, it is necessary to fully satisfy the ground elevation of all station sites. It should be above the flood level of 100 years. If the altitude cannot meet the requirements, it should be The idea of ​​the structure of the machine room is solved. Regardless of whether the equipment room or communication line should be far away from the reservoir, it should be located upstream of the reservoir when it is necessary. For cables and pipelines, it should not pass through the land that is easy to collapse and wash, and should not be laid on the river dam. 2. Control the fire, prevent the spread, and ensure the safety of the communication network. People often say: "The fire is ruthless", "Spark can be punished." Fire is still indispensable for human beings. It seems that people are very kind, give people a bright, warmth, but once they get out of control and cause a fire, they will relentlessly turn everything into ashes. More than a decade ago, the long-distance telecommunications bureau of a city in the south, because the protective ground line was incomplete, caused a spark when the lightning strike occurred, and the bureau burned. Another example is a city in the northeast. The fire in the street melts all the protective layers of the overhead cable, leaving only the fiber. It can be seen that the fire is from its own equipment system and bureau building, and the second is due to the fire of others. Because there are many things in the "fire in the city gate, the fish pond and the fish pond", we can't relax the prevention in this respect. The most typical example is the fire in Texas, USA. It is only due to the fire and explosion of a ship in the port, which caused the whole city to three. Two of the areas were affected by the disaster, and more than 2,000 people were killed. From the information and communication network itself, it is necessary to do all the grounding systems to prevent the possibility of sparks or arcs. The exit or trunk light/cable is strictly prohibited from being inserted into civilian houses. For technical housing in the game, fire prevention technical measures must be taken. First, we must consider the problem of fire spread. That is to say: a professional computer room fires, do not spread to other professional computer rooms; in a large computer room, a professional area does not expand to Other districts. To this end, fire protection measures must be taken for the construction of the machine room, and necessary fire protection equipment must also be provided. This has specific provisions in the special design specifications for buildings. In the future, the information and communication network should be listed as a national key fire zone, and as its role in social informationization expands, it will be upgraded to a special national fire zone. 3. Avoiding the epicenter, improving the earthquake-proof level, ensuring the safety of the communication network. Earthquake disasters continue to disturb people on the earth. In the near century, more than one million people have lost their lives, and the loss of property has been countless. Its activity regularity has always been people. The issue of great concern, but the problem has not been completely revealed, but people are not at all unpredictable, and they already know it. The earthquake in Tangshan City is extremely painful for the people of the country. It is also a great mobilization to learn to observe earthquakes and earthquakes. During the Tangshan earthquake, all the government, institutions, telecommunications bureaus, and shops and houses were turned into rubble, and all external contacts were interrupted. The first "disaster relief" issued at that time was the underground cable communication station on the outskirts of Tangshan. Although the station is on the outskirts of Tangshan, it is only a few kilometers away from the urban area. Because it is underground, it is sure that the underground cable is also intact. Otherwise, how can the call for help arrive in Beijing, stay away from the earthquake center, and improve the earthquake resistance of the building. Level, the general bureau also needs to perform the earthquake resistance level. All equipment and systems in the equipment room must be shock-proof. All the core network cable, the local network backbone cable, a certain capacity of light / cable should go underground routing. The author believes that: Today, as China's economic strength has increased year by year, it is crucial to further emphasize the intensity of earthquake resistance in the construction of information and communication networks and to strengthen the security of information and communication networks. Third, how China's existing information and communication network seeks security in high-tech warfare In the past 20 years, China's information and communication network has been rapidly developed, the backbone network has been basically completed, and the equipment has been modernized. The number of fixed-line telephone users has exceeded 100 million, and nearly 50 million telephone users have been advised. The data and multimedia users are growing rapidly. An integrated service network for information and communication with voice, data and video as the main business content has been formed. A new generation of Internet, a network of voice networks, data networks and broadcast networks, will be launched soon. The core transmission network of this network is a composite transmission network combining optical high-speed digital large-channel and digital microwave channel and satellite digital communication channel. The relay network has been basically fiberized. The transmission of the access network is a combination of wired and wireless, optical cable and copper cable combined, active and passive. In terms of specific implementation, it is determined by comprehensive comparison of business volume, business type, city or urban and rural areas, business development prospects, and fund planning conditions. China's information and communication network has initially adapted to the needs of national economic development, the modernization of science and technology, and the need for national defense modernization. But to ask, can China's communication network adapt to the needs of wartime, especially high-tech warfare? 1. To be able to adapt to the wartime system "Adapt to wartime system" In a nutshell, once the war is entered, the existing information and communication network system can be converted into a wartime system in time; and the main body of information and communication networks can be basically guaranteed in war. Not subject to or less interference or destruction by the enemy; not used directly or indirectly by the enemy in the military. Now let's analyze what is wrong with the information and communication network that is currently being built after the war has occurred. 1 The problem has been diluted for a long time. This problem is not mentioned in the design task book. It is not stated in the design file. There is no arrangement in the construction. Only the national cable transmission trunk line goes straight into the big city information and communication hub or center. The hubs or centers are concentrated in a few high-rise buildings. They are also mostly in the bustling areas of the city. Not only that, but the two stations and three stations that were built before are no longer used, and the planes are gone. Handle him. At the same time, under this driving, the microwave transmission trunk line is also directly inserted into the top of the information and communication building tower, and every effort has been made to cancel the suburban station. Of course, this is not to say that in the high-tech war, the original level of the suburban station will have much effect. 2 The concept has been blurred. Since the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the cold war between the two military blocs has been thawed. It is seen that the world situation is developing in the direction of peace and progress, and the wish of peaceful development has suppressed the psychology of preparing for war. I think that civil communication can not be considered too much, too wide, or how to calculate economic benefits? In this way, the current economic benefits blur the concept of war preparation. Indeed, judging from the actual situation of China's information and communication infrastructure construction over the years, China's information and communication network cannot meet the needs of the wartime system, and it has not basically considered the requirements under the high-tech war. From the perspective of conventional warfare, it is also impossible to meet the requirements of wartime. 3 Understanding the deviation from the development of modern information and communication, making it a wide range, a large range, a wide variety of services, involving a wide range of technologies. Information and communication equipment room, antenna equipment and user terminals with facilities; satellites, microwaves, ultrashort waves, short-wave and long-wave signal waves with airborne transmission, and ubiquitous mobile communication signal waves; buried cables concealed underground Cable and cable lines abound, it is really a network of information and communication, extending in all directions. In this way, some people may think that since communication is so developed, wireless communication cannot use wired communication during the war, and wired communication has broken up the use of mobile communication. There is no need for special communication during the war. Is it necessary? We only need to recall that the U.S.-led NATO bombing of the Yugoslav Federation understands that NATO’s aircraft and missiles first searched and blew the Yugoslavia communications hub and ground communication facilities, and cast graphite bombs and strong electrons. Strong electromagnetic interference and the implementation of computer warfare have caused Yugoslavia’s information and communication to be paralyzed. 2. Improving the wartime security of civil information and communication networks is the need to defend the battle. The author is only concerned with the core transmission network of the country, which is of the most important significance. How to express some views on wartime security issues? . Today, with the combination of high technology and war, information technology has become an indispensable means of winning a war. Improving the ability of civil communications to participate in combat is an important factor in defeating the aggressors and achieving victory in the defense. In other words, whoever takes the initiative in information and communication is very likely to win the war. In fact, the famous French commander Napoleon has long recognized that "a victory of a war, 90% depends on information"; more than 2,000 years ago, China's great military strategist Sun Hao had a famous assertion: "Know yourself and know each other, no wars" . The wars at that time were all close-range planning, warfare within the line of sight, and the war between the dogs and the teeth. The current war has developed into a high-tech war far-sighted. No information can not only defeat the enemy, defend the motherland, but also the danger of being eliminated. Therefore, some high-tech weapons that are currently being researched and developed are often systemized and institutionalized, and their components are indispensable for information systems. For example, the theater missile defense system jointly developed by the United States and Japan is the same. The wars that have taken place in our country will be a war against aggression or a complete war to defend the territory, territorial sea and airspace of the motherland. Therefore, in addition to studying the anti-aggression defense system to become an institutional supporting information technology, we must study the use of civil communications as much as possible. Wartime ability to participate in war. To do a good job in the preparation of civil communications, in a sense, it is two-fold. It is precisely because information and communication have such an important role in the war that the information war between the two sides will not stop before the war begins and during the entire war, even after the end of the war. How our civil information and communication networks adapt to this requirement requires the information and communication network builders to seriously study and answer them. 3. Practical consideration should be given to the wartime security of information and communication networks in infrastructure construction. China has declared to the world: "China will never seek hegemony." China’s socialist system has determined that we will not launch a war of foreign aggression. It is only possible to fight for the integrity of the motherland’s territory, territorial sea and airspace. The nature of China's socialism requires that our communication has two sides: it is usually oriented to the command, dispatch and planning of the party and government, facing the needs of the socialist economic modernization, national defense modernization, scientific and technological modernization development and disaster relief activities, and working for the broad masses of the people. , learning, life, health and literature, sports activities and other aspects of the need; war should be converted into a wartime system in accordance with the instructions of the highest commander of the state. Therefore, it should have the ability to cope with the communication in two environments. Usually, this side does not say much. The following is the question of the face of paper warfare, that is, wartime security. Civil warfare wartime security must at least meet the following three requirements: First, civil cable communication transmission network in the war with better strain performance, has certain resistance to enemy aircraft bombing and missile attacks without causing operation, and strong defense The ability to electronically interfere; secondly, it is still convenient for our military and level commanding organizations to organize forces against the enemy forces, and to pass all kinds of information and intelligence normally; third, not for the enemy and its units. In a certain sense, the usual information and communication network can be maintained in wartime, which is to provide economic and effective information and communication technology measures for wartime. Starting from high technology, in the 1950s and 1960s, the cable transmission network was basically equipped with suburban stations for important bureaus, while suburban stations had to take hidden measures such as backing, entering holes or entering the ground with the local terrain environment. Today, this simple and hidden approach, in the case of high-tech warfare, obviously does not play much role, because the enemy can know its exact location from aerial reconnaissance and ground intelligence, and can destroy it accurately with a missile. Therefore, we need to use high-tech preparation methods to deal with modern warfare. Improving the network structure is an important link. China's cable transmission network has basically built a nationwide grid network, which is very beneficial to security. However, if the local network is further improved, it will play a major role in wartime. To complete and improve, the author believes that the following work should be done: 1 For a major city, not only must there be an inner ring network, but also an outer ring network. As shown in Figure 1, at least a network should be established for important cities, as shown in Figure 1. 2; on the basis of the grid-based network, it is necessary to establish one or several ring networks between several major cities, as shown in Figure 2, a ring network should also be built between cities with strategic relationship; 3 All important cities in Bianyi should have two lines on the Internet, as shown in Figure 3; 4 important nodes of the whole network are equipped with cross-connect equipment for all or important parts of the channel; 5 network equipment of the whole network should be interconnected. Interoperability and unified command. Decentralization, concealment, and disguise are still an effective means of facilities; secondly, the civilian energy of the transfer to the military system, the important node facilities of the transmission network and the key exchange equipment and user terminal devices are blown up, so that the whole network is in a state of paralysis. . In order to avoid the above-mentioned serious situation, the air defense measures taken in the military here and in any case, in terms of communication construction: First, the concealment and disguise of the bureaus of major nodes are not only hidden in the image, camouflaged in the name, but also effective. The structural design allows it to resist extraordinary shock waves. That is to say, it is necessary to avoid the enemy's airborne and ground reconnaissance and spy intelligence activities, so that the information and communication hub in the war should not suffer as much as possible from enemy aircraft and missiles, at least not causing total flaws. Anti-strong electronic interference, electromagnetic forbidden electronic technology and electromagnetic technology are the basic technologies of information and communication. As mentioned above, information technology is already an important part of high-tech warfare. For the anti-party information technology and remote guidance technology, it is adopted to attack with poison. The principle of emitting strong electron rays to the other side and exciting a strong electromagnetic field. For civil information and communication networks, it is also necessary to prevent strong electronic radiation interference from enemy aircraft and to avoid failure of the wafer or sensitive device of the communication equipment system. For a special confidential communication system, its facilities and lines should have good electromagnetic prohibition. Configure the ultra-small mobile office and other 1 configuration of a number of mobile ultra-small offices, so that once the important node office is damaged, you can use some ultra-compact car office to replace the damaged node office and continue to clear important services; Set the combat readiness interface at some key positions of the optical cable trunking network to realize the connection of various temporary combat readiness communication systems or terminals; 3) All important optical cable trunk lines should have a microwave trunk line supplemented in parallel; 4 each relevant transmission bureau should Configure the necessary number of repairing optical cables so that the optical cable lines can quickly restore the transmission channels when they are damaged; 5 to meet the wartime coordination requirements of military communications for civil communications. In order to improve the wartime system and fight against the peace, the wartime system must be effective, and the combat readiness facilities must be able to truly achieve: access can be used and used effectively, which requires a realistic combination of peacetime and warfare. Specifically, the war preparation facilities or systems should not be placed in the warehouse, or they should be idle, but must be arranged to be used in the information and communication network, and become a special part of the large network that can be accessed or removed. . Especially in the flood disaster period, it should play its special role. In short, the usual information and communication network is required to be quickly converted into a wartime system during wartime. After the war, it can be restored to a normal operating system, so that it can be used to raise wars and fight for peace. Inspected, repaired and maintained.

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