Earth Dam Hub Graduation Design Task Book

I. Hub Overview and Project Objective Zhangfeng Reservoir is located on the main stream of the Weihe River, 1.5 km northwest of Zhangfeng Village, Lishui County, Shanxi Province. The reservoir has a controlled drainage area of ​​4,990 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 505 million cubic meters. The reservoir is mainly based on irrigation power generation. Combined with flood control, it can divert water from four counties of Gaoping, Jincheng, Yangcheng and Lishui, covering an area of ​​712,000 mu, and can be developed to 1.04 million mu in the long run. The irrigation area consists of a total main channel and four sub-canals with a diversion flow of 45 seconds. The hub power station and the Xinzhuang power station are built 24 kilometers downstream of the main canal, with a total installed capacity of 31,450 kilowatts and an annual power generation of 112.9 million degrees. Solve high irrigation and industrial electricity. The reservoir flood control standard is designed for a hundred years and is calibrated for ten thousand years. The hub building consists of a main dam, a spillway, a diversion tunnel, an irrigation power tunnel and a hub power station. According to the scale of the project and its role in the national economy, the reservoir hub is large according to the design criteria in the SDJ12-78 specification. The main buildings are designed in two levels, the auxiliary buildings are designed in three levels, and the temporary buildings are designed in four levels. II. Basic design data III. Design tasks and basic requirements Design tasks 1. Select the dam axis according to factors such as topography, geology, dam materials, hydrometeorology, construction conditions and the composition of the hub buildings. 2. Select the dam type based on known basic data. 3. According to the composition of the hub building, compare the layout plans of the hub and determine the layout plan of the hub. Draw a pivot plan and an upstream and downstream view. 4. Dam design, including: section design, penetration calculation, stability calculation, subsidence calculation, crack check, detailed structure design, basic treatment, dam and cross-strait connection. 5, foreign language translation design requirements 1, designers must play the ability to think independently, 5, design results: design specifications, calculations each; a design map 4-5. Fourth, the time schedule This design has a total of 13 weeks, students should fully play their independent work ability within the specified time, creatively complete all design tasks. Appendix I Original data of the design of the earth dam hub of Zhangfeng Reservoir Topography, geology: Topography: See 1: 2000 topographic map of dam site. Engineering geological conditions in the reservoir area. The watershed elevations on both sides of the reservoir area are all above 820 meters, and the excavation elevation of the bedrock is mostly around 800 meters, mainly purple-red sandstone, interbedded conglomerate, siltstone and sandy shale. The fresh bedrock has little water permeability. No large structural fractures were found. The reservoir storage conditions are good. High-level land layers on both sides of the reservoir area may collapse. However, the range of collapse is not large and will not involve dam safety. The Weihe River is a mountainous river. The residents on both sides of the strait and the cultivated land are scattered. Apart from the fact that there is some flooding below the reservoir water level, the immersion problem is not big, and no important minerals are found in the reservoir area. Engineering geological conditions in the dam site The Weihe River in the dam site of Zhangfeng Reservoir has a large “S” shape with a very curved shape. The dam section is located in the middle and upper sections of the “S” shape. The right bank of the dam section is an erosion shore, the bank slope is steep, and the bedrock is exposed. The upper and lower dam lines are more than 300 meters long and low-level mountain beams - the thin watershed between the Weihe River and Zhangfenggou, the left bank is the erosion accumulation bank, the bank slope is slow, and there is a large soil cover; the right bank thin watershed is the Weihe River dam section. The result of relative lateral erosion of the left bank. The bedrock in the dam site is dominated by purple-red, purple-gray fine sandstones, with conglomerate, siltstone and a few sandy shale. The stratigraphic rocks are relatively changeable. The Quaternary system is mainly loess-like soil except for the sandstone and pebble layers with small thickness. It is in a relatively stable area on the geotectonic structure, and no large fault structure signs are found. There is a large slump body on the left bank of the dam site, with a volume of about 450,000 cubic meters, which has a certain impact on the layout of the project. The basic crack of the earthquake in this area is six degrees, and the buildings are fortified at seven degrees. The dam site is located in the northwest of the anticline in the central part of the dam area. The riverbed is about 300 meters wide, and the average thickness of the riverbed gravel cover is 5 meters, and the permeability coefficient is K=1×10-2 cm/sec. The first-order terrace surface has a moderately strong collapsibility. The left bank 730 above the elevation is a third-order terrace with moderate weak collapsibility. See the "Engineering Geology Profile" for the physical and mechanical properties of the soil layer. At the end of the bedrock, a wide range of interlayers were found. The two rock bedrocks have little water permeability, the middle part of the river bed and the near right bank. Along the 113-111-115-104-114 drilling line direction, there is a strong permeable zone W=5.46-30 liters/decimeter 2 in the depth range of 21-47 meters below the rock face, medium-strong permeable water W=0.15-0 74 liters / decimeter 2. The lower limit is as deep as about 80 meters below the rock face. The permeability of bedrock has a tendency to gradually increase from upstream to downstream, and the bottom conglomerate at the junction of the loess and bedrock on the left bank. Strong water permeability, permeability coefficient K = 10 m / day. The thin watershed rock layer on the left bank still belongs to the medium-strong water permeability average W=0.48 liters/decimeter 2. The drainage should be considered to increase the stability of the rock mass. The lower dam site is located in the southeast wing of the same anticline at the upper dam site. The rock layer tends to be downstream, the river bed is about 120 meters wide, the left rock is the second and third terraces, and the right bank is below the 731-meter elevation for the bedrock. The above is the third-order terrace. See the "Engineering Geology Profile" for the physical and mechanical properties of the soil layer. The bedrock on the left bank has a strong permeable zone with a width of 200-250 meters in the northeast direction. The water permeability of the Zhangfenggou on the right bank is also very large. The lower limit of the moderately permeable zone of the left and right banks is about 80 meters below the rock face. The permeability of the bedrock and the thickness of the medium permeable zone in the riverbed have a tendency to gradually decrease from the upstream to the downstream. The confined water is found in the downstream, and the water permeability of the second and third terraces is the same as that of the upper dam. . Engineering geological conditions of other building sections in the dam site area Other buildings in the dam site area include diversion and flood discharge tunnels, irrigation power generation tunnels and hub power stations. According to the scheme of the upper dam line, the diversion tunnel and the spillway are arranged in the thin watershed on the left bank. The irrigation power generation tunnel is arranged on the third terrace near the east bank of the left bank. The spillway of the lower dam line can be arranged on the right bank Zhangfenggou, irrigation power generation hole. Moved to the west side of the spillway axis of the Shangba line about 40 meters, the position of the diversion and discharge tunnel is unchanged. Diversion and discharge tunnels The thickness of the rock around the cave line is greater than three times. The exit section of the excavation hole has avoided the eastern boundary of the collapsed body. The rock layers and lithology along the line are mainly siltstone, fine sandstone and conglomerate, and the rock is relatively hard. The solidity coefficient FK=4, the unit elastic resistance coefficient KO=200kg/cm3, and the elastic modulus E=0.4×105kg/cm2. Large water permeability. The rock layer tends to develop joints in the downstream export section, and effective measures should be taken to deal with it. In order to further ensure the stability of the rock mass in the exit section and avoid the consequences caused by internal water pressure, it is recommended to build a pressureless hole in this section. Spillway The slope of the spillway of the Shangba Line scheme is 757 meters, and the rock layer tends to be downstream along the axis of the building. The lithology is mainly hard sandstone. The weak layer is mostly lens body. The anti-sliding stability condition of each part of the spillway is good. The damline spillway dome elevation is 750 meters, and the sandstone shale and clamp are about 10 meters below the foundation. The mud layer and the thin watershed rock formation are severely weathered and have large water permeability, which is unfavorable to the safety of the building. Irrigation power generation and hub power station The bedrock along the upper dam line scheme is dominated by thick siltstone. The rock is intact, the water permeability is small, and the thickness of the rock layer above the cave roof is small. The building is located in the Nanpinggou-Donggougou ancient river channel. There are 0-5 meters thick basal conglomerate and sub-clay layer with different thickness. The thickness of the rock weathering layer at the power plant is about 5-6 meters. The necessary engineering measures should be taken for the leakage and soil collapse caused by it. The dam line plan is all based on the bedrock, and the project is relatively simple and reliable. Hydrology and water conservancy planning The annual average rainfall of the meteorological basin is 686.1 mm, 70% is concentrated in June-September, the annual average temperature is 8-9 °C for many years, and the highest daily temperature is 29.1 °C. The average minimum daily temperature is -14.3 °C for many years, the average maximum wind speed is 9 m/s for many years, and the wind speed is 16.2 m/s for 50 years. When the water level is 768.11 meters, the reservoir blows 3.5 kilometers. Hydrological analysis Floods Floods in the Weihe River are formed by heavy rains. According to statistics, the maximum flood peak flow rate from July to August accounts for 88%, and the annual variation is very large. The measured maximum peak flow is 2200 seconds, and the maximum peak flow is 184 seconds. 12 times, the flood peaks in the basin are high, and the duration is short, steeply rising and steep. The duration of a flood is generally 3-5 days. The annual distribution of water volume during the year, the flood season from July to October accounted for 62% of the annual water volume, the water volume varies greatly from year to year, and the measured annual maximum water volume is 196.8 billion cubic meters. The minimum annual water volume is 334 million cubic meters, a difference of 5.9 times. Look at the seven-year cycle from the water process line over the years. The continuous dry water section is four years. The annual amount of sediment transport from July to October is about 94% of the annual sediment transport volume, of which 83% is in July and August, and the annual variation of sediment transport is large. The largest annual sediment transport is measured. The volume is 12.4 million tons, and the minimum annual sediment transport volume is 1.73 million tons, a difference of 7 times. Hydrological analysis results table No. Name Unit quantity Remarks 1 Use hydrology series years 22 2 Representative flow years Average flow per meter/second 21.9 Survey history Maximum flow meter/second 3980 Design flood peak flow meter/second 4000 Check flood peak flow meter per second 6550 dam flood flood peak flow Limi / sec 9100 3 flood design flood flooding Yi Limi 5 five days school nuclear flood flooding billion meters 7.95 five days 4 years average annual runoff billion meters 6.94 5 years average sand transport volume 431 water conservancy calculation dead water level In order to reduce the irrigation schedule, the area of ​​self-flow irrigation should be increased as much as possible, and the water head of the power station should be raised appropriately, in order to achieve self-sufficiency of power supply and leave room for future reservoir siltation. According to the 20-year siltation site, it will be calculated and adjusted according to the future operation. The selected irrigation guarantee rate of adjustment performance is P=75%. The upstream water supply of the reservoir first meets the industrial and agricultural water use in the irrigation area, while the power station uses the residual water to generate electricity. According to the above principle, the reservoir adjustment calculation is carried out according to the recent irrigation area of ​​712,000 mu. The water utilization coefficient and the dam height of the two-year adjustment and multi-year adjustment schemes are not much different, but the power and installed hours of the reservoirs that have been adjusted for many years are 20% higher than the annual regulation performance reservoirs. Therefore, it is determined that Zhangfeng Reservoir is a reservoir with many years of regulation performance. Using the 22-year interpolated hydrological series from July 1949 to June 1971, the "time calendar method" was used for many years of adjustment calculation. Determining the principle and indicators of the water level in Xingli According to the flood characteristics of the Weihe River, the restricted water level in the flood season was set at 760.7 meters in July and August. After July and August, some flood control reservoirs can be reused to save water and not to lower the flood control standards. In order to prevent floods and benefits, the water level will be determined in September and October, and the water level will be increased to 766.1 meters. However, the water level is considered to be no more than 100 years of design flood level, and the water level at the end of the road is determined to be 767.2 meters. The main task of the power station is to meet the requirements of irrigation and power supply in this irrigation area. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the industrial and agricultural water use in the irrigation area, it is determined that the operation principle of the power station is more water diversion power generation during the irrigation season, and less water diversion power generation during the non-irrigation season. Use excess water to generate electricity and increase the utilization factor of annual water consumption. The principle of flood control and the determination of design floods Zhangfeng Reservoir is a secondary project. The reservoir buildings are designed according to the flood in a hundred years. After the flood control of the millennium, the flood control calculations did not take into account the impact of the historical catastrophic floods. Therefore, the flood control was used to check the hydraulic structures with the 10,000-year flood. The project flood discharge building has spillway and diversion tunnel. The spillway has a net width of 60 meters and is divided into five-hole gates. The net width of each hole is 12 meters, and the dome elevation is 757 meters. The flood discharge hole diameter is 8 meters through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of construction guides, flood interception, flood discharge and flood discharge in the very period, and in some cases, it is beneficial to sand discharge. The bottom elevation is 703.35 meters. Principles for flood control: When the flood in the reservoir is once in 20 years, in order to meet the requirements of the downstream river channel to ensure silt, the discharge flow under the control of the reservoir is 600 seconds. When the flood in the reservoir is once in a hundred years, in order to improve the flood control standards of power stations, bridges and other buildings in the downstream river, the flow under the control of the reservoir is 2000 seconds. When the flood in the reservoir is once in the millennium, the single-width flow of the spillway controls the discharge with 70 millimeters per second. 8.8m). When the flood in the reservoir is once in a million years, according to the above principle, when the reservoir water level is close to the calibration water level, the reservoir water level will continue to rise. To ensure the safety of the dam, the spillway is open to flood and allow the spillway to be partially destroyed. Sediment discharge and silt calculation of the reservoir The Zhangfeng Reservoir has a return water length of 25 kilometers, the river channel is curved, the river bed ratio is reduced to 2.2%, and the river bed is about 300 meters wide. It is a typical river-type reservoir. About 83% of the Weihe River sediments were concentrated in July and August, with an average sediment concentration of 13.8 kg/million. The average annual D50 particle size of the sediment was 0.0155 mm. The granules are fine, because the natural slope of the river channel in Zhangfeng Reservoir is steep, the backwater is short, and the flood discharge tunnel is large. The riverbed is compared with the Guanting, Sanmenxia and Caohetian reservoirs in China. It is entirely possible to discharge sand. However, due to the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the requirements of the downstream industrial and agricultural water sources, it is decided that the reservoir can only be used for water storage. Moreover, it is a high-head water storage application. In the process of water storage, only the irrigation and power generation have surplus water for sand discharge. After calculation, the average annual sediment discharge only accounts for 5.2%, and 94.8% of the sediment is deposited in the reservoir area. Invasion accounts for the prosperity of the library. Reservoir engineering characteristic value hub discharge flow and corresponding downstream water level serial number name unit quantity remarks 1 design flood level maximum discharge flow meter / second 2000 where spillway 815 cubic meters / second corresponding downstream water level meter 700.552 check flood level maximum flow meter / second 6830 Among them, the spillway 5600 rpm/second corresponding downstream water level meter 705.6 Reservoir characteristics serial number unit quantity remarks 1 reservoir water level check flood level meter 770.4 consider siltation 20 years design flood level meter 76.1 consider siltation 20 years Xingli water level meter 767.2 consider siltation 20 years 汛Water limit meter 760.7 considers sedimentation 20 years dead water level meter 737.0 considers siltation 20 years 2 reservoir volume total storage capacity yilimi 5.05 check flood level design flood level storage capacity yilimi 4.63 No. Name unit quantity remarks flood control reservoir capacity Yilimi 1.36 Xinglikurong Yilimi 3.51 Among them, the shared storage capacity is 1. Billion Limi 1.10 Dead storage capacity Yilimi 1.05 3 Storage capacity factor %50.5 4 Adjustment characteristics Years main building size No. Name Unit quantity Remarks 2 Diversion and discharge tunnel type Mingliu tunnel working gate is pressure tunnel tunnel inner diameter meter 8 ×10 Chengmen Cave Pressure tunnel 8 meters energy dissipation mode maximum flow displacement meter / sec 1230 maximum flow rate / second 23.1 gate type 7 × 6.5 curved door hoist type 300 ton hydraulic hoist maintenance door 8 × 9 oblique door import Bottom elevation meter 703.35 Irrigation power generation type pressure pipe tunnel inner diameter meter 5.4 Irrigation hole inner diameter meter 3 Maximum flow meter/second 45 inlet bottom elevation 731.64 4 hub power station serial number unit number remark type water diversion plant area square meter 39×16.2 Installed capacity kW 5×1250 Per unit water capacity Lime/sec 8.05 The selected reservoir area of ​​the building materials and dam material technical instructions and the underground materials of the dam site are rich in materials, which is conducive to the construction of local material dams. There are soil materials yards on the upper and lower reaches of the earth dam site. The reserves are abundant and the average transport distance is less than 1.5 km. According to the statistics of 155 sets of experiments, the average clay content of the soil is 26.4%, the powder is 55.9%, and the sand powder is 17.6%. 25% of them are silty clay, 60.7% are heavy silty loam, and 14.3% are medium silty loam with an average plasticity index of 11.1 and a specific gravity of 2.75. The maximum dry weight is 1.67 tons / liter, the optimal water content is 20.5%, and the permeability coefficient is 0.44 × 10 -6 cm / sec. With moderate compressibility, the strength indicators are shown on the next page. The gravel material is mainly distributed on the river beach with a reserve of 2.05 million cubic meters. The depleted boulders and the inundated part of the cofferdam can be used for about 100-1.5 million cubic meters. The particle size is not continuous, and the particle size is lacking. According to the field, 29 groups of natural The slope angle test, 34 groups of laboratory tests, the statistical results are as follows: Natural weight 1.87 tons / cubic meters, weak particles content 2.64%. The unevenness coefficient is 561, and the composition is shown in the following table: Particle composition %<200<80<40<20<5<2<1<0.5<0.25<0.583.774.257.746.238.634.632.829.724.74.9 The reserves of sand are very Less, and there are few quartz particles, the fineness modulus is very low, it is not suitable for concrete aggregate, and the relative tightness of sand is 0.895. There are many stone materials in the stone dam site area, and the transportation distance is within 1 km. The thick sandstone reserves can meet the needs, and the spillway and diversion tunnels can also be used. Selection of technical indicators for dam materials This project has been tested and referenced to the relevant literature and other engineering experience, and finally selected the technical indicators of its dam materials. The strength indicators are shown in the following table: Test Methods Statistical Methods Shear Force C Saturated Consolidation Fast Shearing Saturation Consolidation Fast Shearing Arithmetic Average 23.270.280 Arithmetic Small Value Average 20.960.193 Arithmetic Mean 21.540.293 Fast Shear Arithmetic Small Average 21.30. 293 value average 1.30.293 value small value average 21.00.194 arithmetic average 22.680.583 arithmetic small value average 20.030.356 value average 22.50.583 value small value average 23.80.356 fast cut arithmetic average 28.80.451 arithmetic small value average 25.750. 293 value average 29.00.451 value small value average 28.70.293 triaxial undrained shear triaxial undrained shear total stress small value average 200.288 effective stress small value average 25°20ˊ0.13 total stress small value average 13°30ˊ0.28 effective Small stress value average 25°20ˊ0.08 triaxial saturated consolidation undrained shear total stress small value average 18°20ˊ0.42 effective stress small value average 22°30ˊ0.35 test method statistical method shear force °C field natural slope angle Arithmetic average 35°7ˊ arithmetic small value average 31°2ˊ Indoor shear test arithmetic average 31.1° arithmetic small value average 29.1° arithmetic average 31° arithmetic small value average 29° dam soil statistics foreign 9 sticks content 20— 30% high dam = 21°, C = 0.4 kg / cm 2 The dam selection index built in the early days of the founding of the country is generally low, but the dams recently built generally have an initial pore water pressure coefficient of about 0.3-0.4 at around 25 °C. The construction period of Yuecheng Reservoir in China is 0.21. The technical indicators adopted accordingly are shown in the table below. The strength index of the gravel material, the test results and the actual access are large, the statistics of the 12 domestic reservoirs, the average value is above 32 °, especially the recently completed Hengshan = 38 ° -39 °; Maojia Village 37 °, the United States "soil Recommended with the earth-rock dam, when the relative tightness D>0.7, =34°-35°, in view of the poor grading of the local sand and gravel, choose =31°. The general value of the rockfill index is between 39° and 45°. The average value of the dam stone in the 9 sandstone areas in foreign countries is 39.1°, and the test of the lion beach rockfill dam in China is 36°-45°, taking 39°50ˊ. Therefore, the value of this project is 40°. The compression coefficient of the left rock loess platform is 0.025, the initial void ratio e0=0.725, and the average material diameter D50=0.1mm. Engineering Benefits and Submerged Loss After the completion of the Zhangfeng Reservoir, it can receive irrigation, power generation, flood control, industrial water use and human water storage. It is a comprehensive utilization reservoir. The reservoir can irrigate farmland in the near future of 712,000 mu, and the long-term development will reach 1.04 million mu, so that the four counties of Lishui, Yangcheng, Gaoping and Jincheng will reach 1.1 mu of irrigated land per capita. The installed capacity of the hub power station and the Xinzhuang power station is 31,450 kilowatts, and the annual power generation capacity is 112.9 million kWh. In addition to meeting the water supply for agricultural water pumping, the remaining 50% of the electricity is available for industrial and agricultural electricity. In terms of flood control, Zhangfeng Reservoir controls the drainage area of ​​4,990 square kilometers, accounting for 39% of the total drainage area. It also plays a role in flood control, reducing flood peaks and reducing the burden of flood control in downstream rivers. It can reduce the downstream floods from 6010 seconds to 6010 seconds. 3,360 seconds of cubic meters, equivalent to a 17-year encounter, can be reduced to 50 seconds in a 50-year-old flood, to 2890 seconds, equivalent to 12 years. In addition, it can supply urban and industrial water of 63 million cubic meters per year. Due to the overlapping peaks along the coast of the reservoir area, the villages are scattered, the cultivated land is not much, and the inundation loss is small. According to the statistics of the immigration elevation of the reservoir area of ​​770, a total of 3,115 people need to be relocated, 12,157 mu of inundated land, 1,223 houses, and 1,470 holes in the cave. Construction conditions Topographic and geological conditions in the construction area Zhangfeng Reservoir is located between Shangshan Village and Chuanpo Village. The upper dam line is located at the middle and upper right bank slope of the “S” type valley of the Weihe River. The steep slope is about 30°, and most of the bedrock is exposed. 770-820 meters. The main river channel is on the right bank. The river is about 100 meters wide, the left bank is a stacking shore, the left bank is about 200 meters wide, and the mountain elevation is 775.0 meters. The left and right rock slopes are relatively flat. Most are covered by soil. The construction site at the reservoir hub is narrow, and the hub buildings are all arranged on the left bank. The construction layout is difficult. The dam area is the purple-red, purple-gray fine sandstone of the Upper Permian Shiqianfeng Formation, with the same color conglomerate and sandy shale. The right bank is all bedrock, the total thickness of the riverbed sand pebble layer is about 250 meters, and the thickness of the cover layer is about 5 meters. The surface of the high floodplain is 5-15 m thick, and the basement below the 728 m elevation of the left bank is the bedrock. The bedrock is gradually lowering towards the downstream and the soil layer is thicker. The above is a loess-like soil layer with a thickness of 20-30 m thick and a moderate collapsibility. The bedrock of the riverbed is still relatively large within 50 m depth. The permeability of the sand pebble layer will not be very strong, and the construction excavation drainage work is not expected to be very difficult. Meteorological and hydrological conditions in the construction area Zhangfeng Reservoir did not establish a hydrometeorological station. According to the data of the Lishui County Meteorological Station from 1958 to 1963 and from 1970 to 1972, the maximum temperature was 29.1 °C and the minimum temperature was -14.3 °C. The average daily temperature is 4-24 °C, and the monthly temperature characteristic values ​​are as follows: dam material name specific gravity bulk porosity N internal friction angle internal coagulum C permeability coefficient K initial pore water pressure coefficient Br temperature r saturated r dry construction period stable Seepage period water level drop total stress effective stress effective stress effective stress dam body material 2.751.651.982.04 102223230.21×10-60.3 dam body sand and gravel 1.80 2.10 31 1×10-2 dam body rock 2.71.80 2.050.3340 dam foundation gravel Material 1.80 31 1×10-2 Yellow soil foundation 1.601.912.02 20 1×10-5 The compression curve of the earth material of the dam body, the average material diameter d50=0.1mm. P01234567891011120.6650.6450.6320.6120.5930.5750.5280.5200.5030.5000.4890.4800.472 Project January February March April May June July August September October November December multi-year average daily temperature 4.51.14.611.318.121. 723.621.716.410.318.92.1 The highest daily temperature is 4.67.217.022.225.029.123.026.530.122.418.938.1 The minimum daily temperature is 14.30.05.81.03.110.518.914.41.91.90.710.0 The local building materials are based on local building materials. According to the investigation report, there are five soil stockyards, namely, two rivers on the upper reaches of the reservoir, and two mines on the lower reaches of the reservoir: Chuanpo and Nanpinggou. According to the well test and soil drilling conditions, from the 1:2000 topographic map, the initial storage of the four soil fields is 22.486 million cubic meters, which is more than four times the total design. The reserves of various soil yards are as follows: the elevation of the soil field. The amount of the soil level is 746-805720-760710-749722-778913.6855.71199.0359.4 2248.6. According to the survey, the upstream Wang Bi, Shangshan, and the downstream Zhang Feng Waiting for three gravel fields, the total amount of mining is about 100-1.5 million cubic meters is not enough. Stone materials The investigation and test work of the quarry reserves has not been carried out. On the right bank of the dam site, there are two stone yards, No Name and Longwangmiao. The stone field is small and difficult to mine and transport. Aggregate Survey along the river, local sand does not contain quartz and other minerals, can only be used as masonry, concrete. The sand needs to be shipped out. The aggregate can be processed in place on the gravel. External traffic, power supply, communication and housing in the construction area: The reservoir is located in the mountainous area, and the external traffic conditions are poor. The external traffic mainly depends on the road. During the survey, Zhengzhuang to the construction site has been repaired with a simple road. The total length is about 23 kilometers, but the standard is more than Low, still need to be improved, paving the road. There is no large power supply near the reservoir, and the nearest power source is Duan. However, the equipment capacity is not large, the total capacity is only 2000 kilowatts, the terminal has used 1000 kilowatts, can only supply 1000 kilowatts of reservoir, the problem of insufficient electricity, after the reservoir starts, the relevant departments should be resolved. From Lishui County to Wang Bigong, there are telephone lines that can pass through the reservoir, but often the telephone is not available. After the reservoir starts, special lines will be set up. In addition: the villages near the dam site are scattered and the living conditions are relatively difficult. Except for Wang Bi 100 households and Zhang Feng 60 households, there are only one or 20 other villages. After the reservoir starts, the housing problem must be solved according to local conditions. The working day analysis is based on the data of the rainfall in the years from 1958 to 1963 and 1970 to 1972 in Lishui County. The temperature of the other earth dams, the standard of rainfall shutdown, and the construction date of the soil, sand, gravel, concrete and concrete are determined. As follows: Category soil gravel tunnel stone concrete concrete stone working day 253307302250292 Other areas lack of labor, labor is not more than 10,000 people. Construction requirements The construction of the Weihe Irrigation District is large. All the projects are divided into three parts: the reservoir hub, the Xinzhuang power station and the channel. The reservoir hub includes five types of earth-rock mixed dam, diversion and flood discharge tunnel, spillway, irrigation power generation tunnel and hub power station; the channel project includes six main trunks, one dry, two dry, three dry, four main canals and Yangshui station, plus the Xinzhuang Power Station. A total of twelve projects. Among them, the installation of the power plant of Xinzhuang Power Station, Yangshui Station and Hub Power Station was constructed by a professional team. According to the leadership opinions of the provinces and regions, combined with the characteristics of the irrigation district project, the project is required to benefit as soon as possible to change the basic conditions of agricultural production in the Weihe Irrigation District. The basic completion of the project is expected to benefit for eight years. It is required to generate electricity from the former hub power station in the fifth year, and the main canal will benefit. Earthquake Hub Graduation Design Guide I. Understanding the task book and analyzing the original data Design tasks and original materials are the basis of the design work, so we must first fully understand the task of this design. Familiar with the general natural geographical conditions of the river, the hydrology and meteorological characteristics near the dam site, the topography and geological conditions of the hub and reservoir. The basic data of local materials, external transportation and related planning and design can only correctly select the type of building based on the familiar data, and carry out the layout of the hub, the design of the building and the design of the construction organization. Therefore, the necessary information should be compiled into the manual. In the middle, to understand the usefulness of each piece of information in the design, through the understanding and analysis of the data, initially grasp the main factors and key issues in the original data that have a greater impact on design and construction, for future design work. Conduct and further master the information to lay the foundation. Second, the dam axis selection According to the dam site topography, geology, building materials, construction conditions, engineering volume, investment and combined with the hub layout, the upper and lower dam axes are compared to select a favorable dam axis. Third, the choice of dam type Select three types of dam, according to topography, geology, building materials, climatic conditions, construction conditions and engineering volume, investment, etc., comprehensive comparison, select the dam type. IV. Hub layout According to the selected dam axis, the relative position and building form of the building are roughly determined from the aspects of topography, geology, construction and operation, and qualitative analysis and discussion are made to determine the level of the hub project and the level of the building. Fifth, the design of the building 1, the main building - dam design, each student must be detailed design. Determine the section size and layout: According to the requirements of the specification, refer to the existing project and consider the specific conditions of the project, determine the dam slope, dam crest elevation, dam crest width, anti-seepage body and drainage body size, and determine the slope dam section. Dam type and section size. Draw the profile and layout of the dam. Seepage calculation: The hydraulics method is used to calculate the maximum section and the saturation line and single-wide seepage flow and total seepage flow of each control section at normal high water level. Slope stability calculation: The stability of the upper and lower dam slopes of the maximum dam height section is checked by the arc sliding effective stress method. Calculation of subsidence amount and crack check: Calculate the final subsidence of the dam body and dam foundation by using the unidirectional compression stratification sum method, and reserve the sag of the dam. Calculate the subsidence of the dam foundation after completion, and calculate the longitudinal and lateral slope of the dam by the uneven subsidence slope method to check the crack. Explain the engineering measures to prevent cracks from occurring. The detailed structure design includes dam crest, slope protection, anti-filtration, dam body and dam foundation with anti-infiltration and drainage. 2, the design of the drainage structure - each student only to do the spillway design or diversion flood tunnel design. A. Spillway design Hydraulic calculation: Calculate the discharge capacity of the water surface line and downstream energy dissipation during the Millennium Flood, check the height of the side wall, and check whether the crater endangers the dam safety. Structural calculation: stability, stress and reinforcement calculation for the gate pier and the steep groove floor. B. Design of diversion and flood discharge tunnel Hydraulic calculation: Calculate the flood discharge capacity during the annual flood. The surface line and the outlet are energy-dissipated, and the clearance of the pressure-free holes and the safety of the exported buildings are checked. Structural calculation: According to the design flood of 100 years, the structure and reinforcement calculation of the pressure section and the pressureless section are carried out. Construction diversion According to the topographical, geological and construction materials construction conditions of the dam site area, two kinds of diversion schemes are selected, and the diversion scheme is selected comprehensively to determine the form of cofferdam. Calculation of engineering quantity Detailed calculation of the engineering quantity of each part of the dam body, in preparation for the next general construction progress plan. The overall construction schedule is arranged according to the construction conditions, construction diversion method, construction plan, construction site, materials that may be supplied, machinery investment, and provincial and regional leadership opinions. Finally, the overall construction progress plan is demonstrated. Seven, the specific requirements of the design results: 1, design drawings Design drawings are the main results of graduation design, all with 1 # 白道林纸, drawing pencil drawing. The drawing is required to be correct, the drawing is full, there is no repetition, the lines are distinct, the type is neat, the size is complete, the scale and material symbols should meet the requirements of the “Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Drawing”. Each classmate should complete the design drawing 5-7, namely: the layout plan of the earth dam hub, the 1 section of the earth dam section, the upper and lower elevations, the detailed structure diagram, the 3 spillway spillway or the diversion tunnel And the steel bar Figure 1-2 The overall construction schedule of the construction plan should be sketched while designing, and finally finished. 2, design manual and calculation book Design specification is also the main achievement of graduation design, requiring chapters to be clear, the text is concise and fluent; the writing is neat, the content focuses on analysis and argumentation, and explains the calculation conditions, assumption methods and results. Also quote the necessary drawings and forms. The instructions are written with a pen. Each chapter and section should have a title. The number of pages is uniformly numbered, generally 60-80 pages. The calculation book should be written separately, and the calculation sketch should be drawn proportionally using the checkered paper. The calculation process should be clearly written. The instructions and calculations are written on a uniform graduation design paper and written in stages, so don't accumulate until the end of the panic. The preparation of the manual can refer to the by-laws. 8. Time allocation 1. Understand the task book, instructions and analysis of the original data for 0.5 weeks 2. Select the dam axis, determine the hub layout plan for 1.5 weeks, select the dam type, design the dam section and plan the layout for 1.0 week. 4. Infiltration and stability. Calculate 4.5 weeks 5, settlement calculation and crack check 1.0 weeks 6. Detailed structure design, basic treatment 1.0 weeks 7. Draw hub and building drawings 2.0 weeks 8. Finish design specifications, design calculation book 1.5 weeks reference book, reference materials : 1. Earth Dam Design Ministry of Water and Power, 5th Bureau, Northeast Institute 2, Hydraulic Structure Tianjin University 3, Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics Wuhan Water Institute 4, Hydraulics Chengdu University of Science and Technology 5. Hydraulic reinforced concrete structure East China, Dalian, Tsinghua University, Xi Nong 6, Waterworks Code SDJ12-78 Hydropower Department SDJ10-78 Hydropower Department SDJ20-78 Hydropower Department 7, Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Drawing Hydropower Department 8, Hub layout and dam type selection 9. Earth and rock dam Wuhan Water Institute 10, Rolling-type high rockfill dam Power and Hydropower Bureau 11. Foreign high rockfill dam and some problems in construction Ministry of Water and Electricity Experimental Plant 12, Miyun Reservoir Engineering Design Summary of Tsinghua University Water Conservancy Department 13, Miyun Reservoir Engineering Atlas Tsinghua University Water Conservancy Department 14, Earth Dam Construction Technology Experience Compilation Hydropower Press 15, Water Conservancy Project Construction Chengdu, Wuhan Water Institute 16, Water Conservancy Project Construction Wuhan Water Institute Attached: "Earth Dam The design specification of the pivotal design chapter outlines the first chapter of the project. The basic information of the design and the characteristics of the reservoir. The basic information of the first section: Hydrometeorology II: Engineering Geology III: Dam construction materials and their physical and mechanical properties IV: Reservoir The application requirements of the second section of the reservoir engineering characteristics Chapter III Hub layout and engineering grade Chapter IV Dam design The first section of the dam type selection Section II of the dam section design: dam crest height Determination 2: Determining the width of the dam crest 3: Determining the slope 4: Determining the size of the anti-seepage body 5: Determining the form of the drainage equipment and its basic size The calculation of the penetration of the second section of the earth dam 1: Calculation situation 2: Calculation method and calculation formula III: Seepage and wetting line coordinates of each section 4: Total seepage flow of the whole dam length Stability calculation of the third section of earth dam I: Basic data and calculations of calculation 2: Calculation method and calculation formula 3: Under various circumstances The safety factor value of the upstream and downstream dam slopes is four: the discussion of the calculation situation The fourth section of the earth dam settlement calculation 1: the basic data of the calculation and the calculation section 2: calculation situation, mode and calculation formula 3: the results of settlement calculation of each section IV: Crack Checking Section 5 Detailed Structure of Earth Dam 1: Dam Structure 2: Structure of the Dam Top 3: The knot of the upstream slope protection Size 4: Structure and size of downstream slope protection 5: Design of filter layer and transition layer 6: Structure of drainage 7: Structure and size of intercepting tank 8: Foundation treatment 1: Qingji 2: Bedrock grouting 3: Cutting slope Nine: Connection between the dam and the two banks