Research Report on Chinese Traditional Virtue Education

Author: Luan Chuan big theme class numbers: g1 / education literature [No.] 1-341

[Original source] Education research [original publication name] Beijing [original issue number] XX09 [original publication page number] 26 ~ 30, 70

[Category No.] g1 [Category Name] Education [Copy Period] XX11

[Title] Research Report on Chinese Traditional Virtue Education [Author] 栾传大

[Author] The author is the vice president, project leader and researcher of the Jilin Academy of Education. Changchun 130021

[Text]

The "Experimental Study of the Traditional Chinese Virtue Education of the Chinese Nation" was proposed as a key project of the Ministry of Education in 1990 and has been researched for ten years. In the past ten years, under the attention and support of the party and government leaders at all levels and the leaders of relevant departments, and with the painstaking research and joint efforts of the vast number of experimental researchers, they have achieved fruitful results, systematizing, nationalizing and scientificizing the content of school moral education. He has made efforts to enrich the socialist ethics, values, and behavioral norms with Chinese characteristics and made contributions to promoting the building of socialist spiritual civilization.

The experimental study of the traditional Chinese virtue education of the Chinese nation is a major reform of the school moral education content, and it is an exploratory and innovative experimental research. In the past ten years, the research team has determined the experimental research content and objectives based on the basic ideas of experimental research design, and organized a series of concepts, important meanings, experimental principles, German content, experimental methods and operational modes of traditional Chinese virtue education in experimental areas. Systematic research has been carried out on the safeguard mechanism.

I. Experimental Research Program for the Traditional Virtue Education of the Chinese Nation

1. The basic concept of traditional Chinese virtue education

What is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation? What is the traditional Chinese virtue education? What is regional traditional virtue education? This topic defines the three new concepts in the study as follows.

The so-called traditional virtues of the Chinese nation refer to the excellent moral heritage that has been passed down from Chinese history and has influence and can be inherited and beneficial to future generations. She is a special kind of social ideology, and its connotation is extremely extensive. Summarized from the content, the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation are the sum of the outstanding Chinese national quality, the fine national spirit, the noble national customs, the noble national sentiments, and the good national etiquette. Judging from the trajectory of the long river in history, she not only contains ancient traditional virtues, but also contains the modern revolutionary virtues and contemporary British virtues.

The so-called traditional virtue education of the Chinese nation is an activity that exerts systematic influence on adolescents, especially primary and secondary school students, with a systematic, purposeful, and planned plan based on the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The traditional Chinese virtue education is the education of "Zhonghuagen" and "Chinese soul", and it is the integration of "bloodliness" and "tradition". It is not only the basis of the content of moral education in schools, but also the source of moral education in modern schools in China. From the comparison between the current school moral education content and the traditional Chinese virtue education content, the current school moral education content and the requirements of the primary and secondary school students' code and daily behavior norms can all be found in the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Therefore, the traditional virtue education of the Chinese nation is in the basic position in the current school moral education and is the core content of the socialist spiritual civilization construction with Chinese characteristics.

The so-called regional traditional virtue education is to implement the traditional Chinese virtue education in a region. Its purpose is to play the role of the main position and main channel of the school, and implement the comprehensive operation mode and mechanism of the combination of school, family and community. Through the large-scale traditional virtue education activities, the overall efficiency of school moral education will be improved and the construction of community spiritual civilization will be promoted.

2. The principle system of experimental research on traditional Chinese virtue education

Guided by Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory, this experiment is based on the principles of criticism and inheritance, development and innovation, based on the latest research results of modern education, developmental psychology and traditional Chinese virtue education, with the Chinese national tradition. The Virtue system is an experimental content, comprehensively applying systematic scientific methods, combined with reality, to study and explore the laws of the traditional Chinese virtue education as a whole, to build a system of socialist moral values, values ​​and behaviors with Chinese characteristics, and to promote the socialist spirit. Contribution to the construction of civilization.

Second, the construction of the traditional Chinese virtue education content system

The content of the traditional Chinese virtue education is the core issue of the traditional Chinese virtue education. According to the needs of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period, based on the principle of "historical existence, real needs", the research group systematically explores traditional moral resources, and based on the principles of traditional aesthetic education experimental research, the traditional moral morality The purpose of screening, generalizing, cohesive, and reinterpreting, and constructing the Chinese traditional virtue education content system and according to the theory and classification of ethics, according to the order of social relations that young people are exposed to in the process of socialization, Into the depth, from near to far, from low to high, according to the school segment, hierarchical, 18 series of connected German eyes to form a whole, making it systematic, structural, and simple.

In order to link these virtues with the current moral education content, infiltrate the modern consciousness, and establish a socialist morality, values ​​and behavioral norm system with Chinese characteristics, we use a tabular approach to embed 18 virtues, moral goals and current moral education content. Docking, infiltrating the modern consciousness, and compiling the "Chinese traditional virtue education and morality system to build vertical and horizontal", as shown in the following table.

The Chinese National Traditional Virtue Education Morality System

Morality implies Confucianism and current penetration of modern consciousness

Moral morality docking

Honoring parents' filial piety, compassion, respect, and ethics

Respecting the teacher, paying tribute to the priests, respecting the teacher and respecting the teacher

Unity, friendship, cooperation, harmony, unity, friendship, education, equality, fraternity

Belief, righteousness, harmony, and understanding

Li Zhiqin, Xue Zhi, Yi, Min, Learning, Thinking, Future, Ideal Education, Scientific Consciousness

Self-improvement, hard work, enterprising, ambition, frustration

Education

Modest courtesy, warmth, goodness, courtesy, courtesy, education, democratic consciousness

Let

Honesty, trustworthiness, faith, and integrity, education, credibility, commitment

knowledge

Yan Jikuan's forgiveness, justice, self-discipline, self-discipline and self-discipline

Tolerance, open-minded

Man, shame, shame, shame, shame, shame, education, honor and disgrace

Yong

Seeing the righteousness, courage, fearless emotion education, punishing evil, promoting goodwill

knowledge

Neat fitness, self-cultivation, self-cultivation, fitness education, ecology, environmental protection

Your knowledge

Seeking innovation and courage, seeking innovative education, creating competition

knowledge

Hardworking, thrifty, hard work, extravagance, hard work, education efficiency, profitability

Simple knowledge

See the interests of Li Siyi, the righteousness, the righteousness, the righteousness, the legal system, the moral meaning

Lee and recognise

Dedication, dedication, dedication, education, and now

Feeding

Clean and honest, forgetfulness, integrity and anti-corruption education

Patriotic love, benevolence, loyalty, love, patriotism, education, defending the country, for the public

, the country, the country

The world is the righteousness, the public, the old and the old, the young symbiosis education, the whole world, the overall meaning

I am young, I know the world.

3. Basic Ways to Implement the Traditional Virtue Education of the Chinese Nation

1. School traditional virtue education

With the school as the main position, the main ways of carrying out traditional virtue education are: opening traditional virtue education classes and incorporating teaching plans. Use the teaching penetration of various disciplines. That is to say, the language, history, geography, mathematics and physics, and sound and beauty are all based on the characteristics of the subject, combined with traditional virtues to carry out traditional virtue education. Use traditional activities to educate traditional virtues. For example, the team can carry out traditional virtue education in the form of theme class team meetings, story meetings, lectures, knowledge contests, seminars, etc. according to the needs of 18 German education; it can also bring relevant virtues to students in conjunction with major festivals and anniversaries. education.

2. Family traditional virtue education

The traditional virtue education in the family has an important position and role that cannot be ignored and irreplaceable in the education of the traditional Chinese virtues. In the new historical period, family traditional virtue education, first, should cultivate children's basic morality of honoring parents and respecting their elders, laying the ideological foundation for loving the collective and loving the motherland; second, educating children to be ignorant when they are young, so that when children are sensible I know that I am a Chinese, belong to the Chinese nation, and grow up to contribute to the revitalization of China. The third is to cultivate children's moral, self-reliant and self-reliant moral qualities and behavioral habits. Fourth, to cultivate children to be polite, honest and trustworthy, and to be close to neighbors and friendly brothers. The moral quality of doing a qualified Chinese.

In the traditional family virtue education, attention should be paid to guiding parents to focus on comprehensiveness, pertinence, consistency, aptitude and scientificity, and actively cooperate with the traditional virtue education of the school.

3. Social traditional virtue education

Social traditional virtue education refers to a certain social education institution that promotes the good morality and influence of the Chinese nation's fine morality and even excellent culture through social propaganda, social example, social interaction and other activities, thereby promoting the good moral quality of members of society. Develop and form a good social trend.

The main ways of carrying out social traditional virtue education are as follows: first, to play the publicity function of the mass media; second, to use the exemplary role of the model; third, to mobilize various industries, enterprises, and systems, coordinate the powers of relevant departments and society, and jointly manage To create a good social environment for China's small traditional virtues and educational activities; the fourth is to establish rules and regulations for city regulations, awards, and ugliness, to improve people's awareness of obeying laws and maintaining public morality.

Carrying out traditional virtue education for students is not only a small basic work of China, but also a core content of socialist spiritual civilization construction. The great environment of civilized morality is not only the goal of China's small traditional virtue education, but also the condition and guarantee for carrying out the education of Chinese small traditional virtues. It requires the joint efforts of the whole society to create.

Fourth, the operation mode of the traditional Chinese virtue education of the Chinese nation

The so-called traditional virtue education operation mode is a kind of program and method about how traditional virtue education is organized, implemented and operated under certain conditions and under certain conditions. It embodies the traditional virtue education law and reflects the characteristics of traditional virtue education, that is, stability. Sex, normative, operational and effective.

In the previous research, the General Task Force summarized ten traditional methods of traditional virtue education: systematic teaching method, subject infiltration method, emotional stimulation method, will exercise method, model demonstration method, behavior training method, evaluation feedback method, environmental cultivation method, Based on the situational approach, the cautious education method, etc., on the basis of this, through various research, exploration, innovation, and summarization, eight modes of traditional virtue education are proposed.

1. The system teaching mode is to systematically teach traditional virtue knowledge to educatees through the establishment of traditional virtue courses. The system teaching mode is generally a "four-stage" structure.

Leading entry guide

Lower grades: ──────── ──────────

Storytelling, guidance, and answering questions

Learn to be passionate and guide

Middle grade: ──────── ──────────

Knowing the good deeds, learning the virtues, knowing the virtues, and doing good deeds

Talk about speaking and doing

Senior: ──────── ──────────

Saying the guide language, telling the story, mining the connotation-oriented practice

This is the basic operation mode of the teachers in different years according to the logical clues of knowledge, affection, intention and action.

2. The discipline penetration model requires that the teaching of various disciplines infiltrate the traditional virtue education. The specific mode of operation is: direct penetration. For example, in the subjects of language, history, ideology and morality, there are many contents that are good textbooks for traditional virtue education. Indirect penetration. In mathematics and physics, etc., since the textbook itself mostly introduces the research results of scientists, educators can indirectly infiltrate the traditional virtue education to the educated through background introduction. Random penetration. That is to say, according to the different characteristics and different contents of the discipline, the traditional virtue education is carried out at random. Focus on penetration. That is, according to the actual situation of the students and the needs of the situation, targeted education on certain students or certain issues is targeted to guide students to establish a traditional sense of virtue.

The education model of this kind of infiltration class can take the three steps of “choosing the penetration point – grasping the penetration point – and exploring the penetration point”.

You can also use the four-step teaching method of “preparing lessons for class – reading infiltration – discussing passion – summing up the guide”. Disciplinary penetration must maintain the integrity and independence of the discipline.

3. The theme activity mode requires that traditional virtue education activities have a theme. Taking the traditional virtues as a topic requires a plan, a content, a place, a teacher, and a summary. The main forms include theme class meetings, squadron meetings, story meetings, flag-raising ceremonies, major festival events, and various cultural performances. Using this method, we should do a good job of preparation and organization, pay attention to the unity of content and form, and the combination of ideas and methods.

The use of the theme activity method should focus on the application of the subject practice training method. There are many channels for student behavior training, which can be done through teaching or through other channels. For example, the implementation of the Student Code of Conduct adopted by each experimental school, the development of hand-in-hand activities, participation in social volunteers, learning Lei Feng activities, participation in public welfare work, and so on. These activities have multiple natures, allowing students to gradually form a habit of virtue. The use of this method should not only pay attention to repeated, long-term training, but also pay attention to the requirements. Students who perform well can make higher demands, and students who perform poorly should make basic requirements. After a certain amount of training, according to different situations, the requirements of the first level are raised to avoid one-pot cooking and low-level circulation.

4. The content combination model combines traditional virtue education with other moral education content. For example, Jilin City implements the "three three" combination mode, that is, in the content of education, adheres to the combination of patriotism, beauty education, and education; adheres to the three channels of school, family, and community in the educational approach; Adhere to the combination of school teachers, parents and community education staff.

5. The engineering series model is to use the traditional virtue education activities as the construction project, and carry out the overall design and series operation. For example, the 35th Middle School of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region proposed the 1 2345 series of projects: one refers to the formulation of the total sportsman goal; the second refers to the two main lines, that is, the discipline penetration and activities run through; the third refers to the three principles. Management, education, education, education, and education; Fourth, four, namely, institutionalization of duties, standardization of management, serialization of measures, comprehensive network; five refers to five combinations, internal and external integration, correction management and infusion induction Combination, teacher management and student self-management, regular management and ideological education, unremittingly grasp the combination of all staff.

In addition, there is the “One Two Three Four” model of the traditional Chinese traditional education in the former Gongzhuling City of Liaoning Province, and the “four systems” proposed by the National Primary School of Harbin Nangang District.

6. The link-collecting mode is a way of combining the basis, content, practices, management and other aspects of traditional virtue education according to certain logic. Its characteristics are novel, easy to remember, simple and clear.

For example, Jilin Fengman District has combined the traditional practice of “four” with “four-to-be”: taking classroom teaching as the main channel and directly carrying out traditional virtue education; taking activities as the main body and flexibly carrying out traditional virtue education; The moral education base is the main position, and the traditional virtue education is practiced; the combination of the three is the network, and the traditional virtue education is carried out in all aspects.

7. The environmental edification model is a method of using the environment to conduct implicit education for educated people. Its forms include: the form of the natural environment, such as visiting the famous places of the motherland, the famous mountains and rivers and the patriotic education base, adding the beautiful feelings of loving the motherland and loving nature; such as creating a beautiful campus natural environment, using a clean and beautiful campus The environment edifies students' sentiments; it also purifies the family environment and connects the environment of the school and the family with the education. The form of the humanities environment tempering method, that is, the use of good family style, school spirit, and social style to directly influence the form of the formation of the students' infected virtues.

Environmental edification has uncertainty and concealment. Using this model, we should pay attention to the design, optimization and construction of the environment, create an excellent moral education environment, and establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship.

8. Comprehensive operation mode The so-called comprehensive operation mode is a comprehensive application of traditional methods of virtue education, which is characterized by regional, holistic, comprehensive and macroscopic. For example, the operation mode of the traditional Chinese virtue education of the Chinese nation in Jilin Province is the overall plan, with a point-to-face, scientific research, and government promotion.

These operating modes are comprehensive and specialized, some are built from the management side, some are built from the content side, and some are built from the method aspect. The key to proposing a model is to combine reality, highlight features, and clearly remember.

Experimental research believes that the construction of traditional virtue education mode should focus on three issues:

The first is to have a correct understanding of the model. No mode does not work, but with the mode, don't model. Modeling is going to be rigid, and rigidness will flow through form and flow in form, and there will be no good results.

The second is to build a traditional mode of operation of virtue education. It is necessary to proceed from the current and local actual conditions and adhere to the principles of effectiveness, efficiency and long-term effectiveness. It is necessary to study and explore in combination with reality, and do not copy it. There is no way to teach, the key is to get the law, and the same is true for the model.

Third, the construction model uses language abbreviations and logical conjunctions, and must pay attention to clear, simple, standardized, and universal.

V. The guarantee mechanism of regional traditional virtue education

The regional traditional virtue education guarantee mechanism mainly refers to the guarantee system that effectively establishes and operates the traditional virtue education function according to the structural composition of regional traditional virtue education and its internal needs in connection with other moral education and overall education. The construction of traditional virtue education guarantee mechanism mainly includes effective goal-oriented mechanism, content structure mechanism, organization network mechanism, constraint improvement mechanism, team building mechanism, theme activity mechanism and social participation mechanism.

1. The goal-oriented mechanism aims to be the direction of traditional virtue education and has the power of cohesion and unity. To construct a regional traditional virtue education guarantee mechanism, we should first construct a goal-oriented mechanism. To this end, the overall goal of the research group to develop regional traditional virtue education is to: play the role of the main position of the school, the main channel, and implement the comprehensive operation mode and mechanism of the combination of school, family and community, and improve the traditional virtue education activities through large areas. The overall benefits of school moral education, stimulating the building of spiritual civilization in the community, and making new contributions to the realization of two "highly civilized" construction.

The construction of a goal-oriented mechanism should conform to and reflect the basic theories, basic lines, and basic principles and policies of the primary stage of socialism. The goal should not only be oriented, but also be practical and operative.

2. The content architecture mechanism is the construction of the main content system of the traditional Chinese virtue education of the Chinese nation. This is the basic mechanism of regional traditional virtue education, with a guiding, normative and long-term basis. The research team mainly uses the construction of the German system and the preparation of experimental books to ensure the healthy, standardized and effective operation of traditional virtue education. Some regions have compiled reference materials in light of the actual conditions of their own people, enriching the content of traditional virtue education.

3. Organizing the network mechanism This is not only a guarantee for the implementation of regional traditional virtue education, but also the key to carrying out regional traditional virtue education experiments. Establishing an organizational network mechanism should include:

First, the establishment of the county's traditional virtue education leadership, that is, the leadership of the county leadership, the Propaganda Department, the Spiritual Civilization Office, the Education Bureau, the Communist Youth League, the Women's Federation and other relevant departments led by the county Chinese traditional ethnic education leadership group. Its main function is to be responsible for the planning, leadership, organization and management of the traditional virtue education in the county; formulating and promulgating traditional virtue education planning plans, formulating relevant management regulations and systems; coordinating and coordinating the implementation of various aspects; organizing and exchanging typical experiences In recognition of advanced.

The second is to establish a county traditional virtue education research and guidance organization. The steering group may be composed of the county education research institutes, education associations, advanced schools, relevant departments of the county education bureau, and the relevant business units of the Communist Youth League, Women's Federation and other relevant departments. The main responsibility is to be responsible for the theoretical and practical research of the county's traditional virtue education. School, family, community traditional virtue education and research for giant guidance, organization and management; theoretical training for experimental backbone teachers and instructors; organization and guidance of local traditional virtue education activities; organization of local traditional virtue education exchange; organization, Guide the collection and distribution of local traditional virtue education materials, and so on.

The third is to establish a school traditional virtue education work organization. The school is the main channel and main front of regional traditional virtue education, with a leading and demonstrative role. The school's traditional virtue education working group shall be headed by the school principal or secretary, and the members shall be composed of the party, government, industry, youth and teachers, parents and community representatives. Mainly responsible for the traditional virtue education of the whole school, guiding family traditional virtue education. Specifically, it is to formulate plans, unify deployments, coordinate actions, guide parents, sum up experience, and recognize advanced.

4. Restricting the perfection mechanism This is the specific content of the traditional virtue education operation mechanism, and it is also a specific guarantee measure. The first is to establish a management system. That is to say, clearly define the planning, organization, appraisal, and summary of each link, which is easy to participate and easy to check. The second is to establish a responsibility system. That is to say, the personnel at all levels and positions must have clear responsibilities, so that they can do their part, each with their own responsibilities, cooperate closely, and work together. The third is to establish an evaluation system. Evaluation has multiple functions such as judging, motivating, and promoting traditional virtue education. In order to improve the effectiveness of traditional virtue education, we should do a good job in the establishment and implementation of the evaluation system.

5. Thematic activity mechanism activities are effective carriers of traditional virtue education. The theme activity was carried out with the theme of 18 ethics such as filial piety, hard work, hard work, patriotism and love for the people. The following issues should be paid attention to when carrying out thematic activities: activities should be distinctive, attractive and appealing; selection should be targeted, close to life, close to reality; forms must be novel and innovative, can participate, and harvest; organizations must be effective, Educate people in the process.

6. Team Construction Mechanism The key to improving the traditional Chinese virtue education in the region is to build a high-quality teaching team. The teaching team has the backbone, leading and demonstrating role in carrying forward and inheriting the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. This is an important guarantee mechanism for traditional virtue education. The regional traditional virtue education team includes specialized teachers, teachers of various subjects, class teachers, team cadres, parents, and specialized personnel for research and guidance. Since the traditional virtue education is an emerging educational content since the 1990s, the construction of the teaching staff is insufficient in both quantity and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen team building.

7. The social participation mechanism is to build a good regional environment, mobilize and motivate people from all walks of life to participate in traditional virtue education. As far as the district of a county is concerned, the mechanism of social participation must include at least the following aspects.

Coordinate relevant departments to jointly manage and build a good social environment.

Strengthen the construction of moral education bases. Public entertainment venues in the society, public memorial venues such as memorial halls, museums, science and technology museums, etc., should organize, plan and have content to carry out the traditional Chinese virtues and fine traditional culture education; the propaganda department and the education department The moral education base should be combined with the actual situation to enrich the content of this aspect and do a good job in construction.

Guide the parents school. Promote the improvement of parents' quality by holding various learning meetings, exchange meetings, seminars and other activities. The improvement of the quality of parents will lead to the formation of traditional virtues affecting children.

Strengthen the building of community civilization. The first is to establish a community education committee to integrate the education of the United States into the overall work; the second is to adhere to the government as the leader, to jointly manage and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the community residents; the third is to establish the Community Civilization Convention, the Residents Code, "Social public morals" and other procedures.

The above mechanism is a guarantee system. Each mechanism has its own important status and role in the whole. To establish and play the role of each mechanism, it should be coordinated and integrated. Only in this way can the overall education of the Chinese nation's traditional virtues be improved. benefit.

In the past ten years, the experimental research on the traditional virtue education of the Chinese nation has achieved rich results, mainly reflected in the following aspects.

1. Improve and construct the comprehensive operation mode and guarantee mechanism of the traditional Chinese virtue education, and enrich and develop the theory of socialist moral education with Chinese characteristics.

2. Improve the overall level of moral education in schools, and improve the ideological and moral quality of teachers and students in experimental schools.

3. It has stimulated the building of spiritual civilization in the community and contributed to the building of socialist spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics.

4. The traditional experimental zone of traditional virtue education has been expanding and has moved to the whole country. Traditional virtue education has attracted attention at home and abroad and has been highly valued by party and government leaders at all levels.

The study and practice of the traditional Chinese virtue education of the Chinese nation is conducive to the future. The construction of socialist spiritual civilization with Chinese characteristics based on the traditional Chinese virtue education is a systematic project. In the past ten years, although the traditional Chinese virtue education has achieved practical results in experimental research, there are still many deep theoretical and practical issues to be further studied. The research team is determined to organize various experimental areas and experimental sites to combine the actual situation during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, and continue to carry out this intensive and in-depth experimental research on this major topic, and make more efforts to promote, inherit and innovate the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and the fine traditional culture. Great contribution!