Duan Chongxuan

· The current literature is really prosperous. Urban life, officialdom insider, historical smoke, folk customs, myths and legends, marriage and love dramas... The content of the subject matter is all-encompassing, and there are no strange things. The embarrassment involved in human life has been collected by writers. Solemn realism, elegant classicism, flying romanticism, weird modernism, and magical reality, black humor, stream of consciousness, etc., all kinds of expressions and means of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, all come and show their talents . The older generation and the middle generation writers are still unremittingly persisting. After the younger 70s and 80s, another batch has emerged. Our team of writers is also young, knowledgeable, and white-collar. However, in this wonderful literary event, it is not difficult to find that the content from the broad bottom society is too small, and the “representatives” from the ordinary people are almost absent.

· The seven-day trip to South Korea, the gentle, honest, rigorous and meticulous character of the Koreans left a deep impression on us. This kind of personality seems to be a commonality of East Asians, belonging to the feminine side of human character, and more prominent in Koreans. But on other occasions, we feel the other side of the Korean character. At the boat recital held by Chinese and Korean writers, they faced the mighty Hanjiang indulge, and the emotions seemed so deep and agitated; in the restaurants with ethnic characteristics, they sang the wine, even if it was a song that showed joy, It implies a kind of sadness from the depths of life.

· The work is written by the writer, and what kind of writers will produce what kind of literary works. Among the existing writers, middle-aged writers are naturally the backbone. Some of them come from cities, some are born in the countryside, and most of them are in the early and middle stages of the new era. Now it is the year of "destiny" or even "early", and the lower-level society is gradually separating.

· "New Age Literature" is to strive to bid farewell to "contemporary" and return to the "May 4th", but it also inherits many concepts and practices of the "17-year" literature. In the performance of literature, it is basically based on the bottom society and the bottom people. In the construction of the writers' team, special attention is paid to discovering and supporting new literati from the grassroots. Ten years of "Cultural Revolution", in the rural areas, industrial and mining "reserve" a large number of literary youth, the "recovery" of the entire society and literature, providing the best opportunity for this group of people to stand out.

· Historical experience is worth reviewing. The "seventeen years" literature has become a "hot spot" of reinterpretation in recent years. For a while, it was described as "tofu slag", and now it is said to be "a flower." I thought this was a literary period in which the essence and the dross coexist, value and limitations. This is an era known as the "Law of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers". His illness is that there are too many political ideologies, which suppress the diversified literature while highlighting mainstream literature, and set too many rules and regulations on the expression method. We don't have to value the literature in this period too high.

· Our lineup of writers is spectacular, talented, and more or less of the underlying writers seem to be insignificant. However, the underlying writers represent a larger society and a larger group of people. Without their strong voices, will our literature not deteriorate and taste? - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· To this end, we must advocate professional writers to go out of the city, go deep into the people, show the society and life of the silent world, and know the world and win the attention. On the other hand, we must work hard to find and support the underlying writers, carefully cultivate, provide gardens, launch works, and bring the source of the lower classes from the society into the literary world and send them to the society. It is not just the embellishment and need of literature, but the needs of the times, society and history.

· I know that it is a difficult thing to support the underlying author. Today's rural areas, industrial mines and towns and streets, the germination of water and soil has been seriously lost, people are rushing for survival and interests, spiritual and cultural life is shrinking. In the vast rural areas, a large number of young people with culture have flocked to the cities to work, and there have been fewer and fewer people sticking to the land. For the underlying authors, the path to literature has become particularly difficult due to weak foundations, narrow horizons, and environmental occlusion.

· At the same time, I believe that China's unique, top-down literary system has a strong cohesiveness and appeal; now there are many folk literary organizations whose role cannot be underestimated. Discovering and nurturing the underlying literary authors is our consistent literary tradition. Therefore, fostering the underlying author is mainly a matter of rational understanding. If we truly realize its deep meaning, other difficulties may not be difficult to solve.

· The current literature is more diverse and prosperous under the birth of the market economy. Urban literature is green and red, and popular literature, female narrative, and youth writing are flourishing. The "rural theme literature" or "rural literature" with profound tradition is still one of the most important towns in the multi-literary pattern. There are many powerful writers who have worked tirelessly and influential works have emerged.

· The question of "why people in literature" seems simple. It is actually a very complicated theoretical problem. We don't have to entangle it. It should be said that what the writer writes, how to write it, and who to write it is entirely the writer's rights and freedoms. As a kind of spiritual food, literature belongs to readers at all levels of society, and everyone has the right to share. - Duan Chongxuan Quotations

· But the current literature, its performance is shrinking, the readership is shrinking, and it has become more and more “poverty and wealthy”, lingering in the city, staring at the upper level and successful people, becoming “suspended”. Circle literature in the city. Even in rural novels, the countryside and the peasants are written, but the thoughts, feelings, and aspirations are mostly inconsistent with the peasants.

· It is true that today’s rural areas “lack” new literature and farmers “reject” new literature. The reasons are complex and their responsibilities are not all in literature and writers. The cultural needs of farmers are also multifaceted. They need agricultural science and technology, medical knowledge, and folk literature. Literature is only part of it. Even if they read literature, they certainly like rural literature that is closely related to themselves, but they also read historical novels, urban novels, and so on. The idea of ​​popularizing literature into peasants is only the wishful thinking of intellectuals.

· In the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature, generations of writers have made unremitting efforts for the "popularization of literature" and "literature to the countryside", and the most successful ones are the literature of the Liberated Areas in the 1940s and the 1950s and 1960s. Early literature of the Republic. In the development of literature for more than two decades, despite the existence of such problems and mistakes, in the combination of literature and the people at the bottom, it is effective in creating the national style and popular language of literature. At the same time, it has also formed a strong "popular literature" tradition.

· I think the deeper reason is that some of our writers have become “observers” and even “bystanders” who are deeply mired in the city, alienating rural and peasants in thoughts, feelings, and psychology, leading to the entire ideological concept. Fuzzy, narrow and even biased. What they are thinking about in writing is how to express their feelings, experiences, tastes and other personal things, and rarely think of the acceptance psychology and habits of farmers. In inheriting the "May 4th" literature, they have narrowed the path, and on the other hand, they have forgotten and discarded the essence of "popular literature."

· Our literature, to break the "hard ice" with the peasants, to become the ideological resources and spiritual power of cultural reconstruction in the "new rural construction" has become an important part of the peasants' spiritual and cultural life. From the writer's point of view, The key point is to solve two problems. The first is the issue of the writer's position conversion. This is a commonplace and annoying topic, but it is an objective problem that cannot be avoided. - Duan Chongxuan Quotations

· Chinese literature and society are always fatal and incomprehensible. Today, when the peaceful rise of China is in the wave of globalization and context, it is determined to explore a development path with its own characteristics; Chinese literature has also reached a fork in the road, once again facing new choices. The signpost on one side of the intersection is “modernity” and the road sign on the other side is “nationality”.

· The question of "modernity" and "nationality" of literature has gradually become a manifestation of the research community since the 1980s. The connotation and extension of its concept, how to deal with the relationship between the two, etc., is a matter of opinion.

· Nature is “Chinese”. The "nationality" of literature is the basic attribute and personality characteristic of a nation's literature. It also includes two parts: the ideological content and the art form. The "nationality" of Chinese literature is also one of the most characteristic and attractive in world literature. However, in the long-term uninterrupted literary revolution, innovation, and experimentation, the "nationality" of literature has gradually broken and declined, leading to the rootless state and disorderly development of literature in certain periods.

· Literature of an era must always have a focus and development orientation. For the current literature, its exploration and pursuit should be two-way. On the one hand, we must continue the trajectory of the "modernity" of literature in the new era, adhere to the enlightenment position of intellectuals, advocate the spirit of humanism, accept the aesthetic methods of Western literature, and advance the "modernity" process of Chinese literature.

· Whether it is China's economic modernization strategy, spiritual culture construction, or the development of literature and art, we can't say that "modernity" has been completed. Although we have struggled for more than a century and have entered the ranks of a modern country, the goal of modernization is still far away. - Duan Chongxuan famous words

· In a country with a long literary heritage and deep-rooted realism literature, the “modernity” of literature must be tortuous and difficult. But Chinese literature must have a vision of "modernity", which is the only way to activate its vitality and improve its character.

· In the history of literary development in China for nearly a hundred years, "modernity" has always been a "main melody." We do not deny that "modernity" as a value system and aesthetic ideals brings fundamental and revolutionary changes to Chinese literature. But at the same time, we also see that in the process of "modernity", Chinese literature sometimes comes at the cost of repression, rejection, and sacrifice of "nationality."

· The profound and modern values ​​of Chinese traditional culture and literature have received more and more attention and respect from Western scholars in the past century. Yes, in traditional culture and literature, there are indeed many ruins that are incompatible with modern society, such as feudal superstition, hierarchical ideas, loyalty, male superiority, servile psychology, and so on. Since the "May 4th" literature, these are all in the category of "revolution". Today we still have to firmly criticize and abandon.

· Who is the creator of social wealth? Who is the "protagonist" on the historical stage of China's reform - or "subject"? In the current literature, this basic and important literary proposition has become blurred and smashed. Who is the eye-catching character in the endless novels? It is an urban youth, an official official, a merchant owner, a gold collar white collar... naturally also writes workers, citizens, peasants, and migrant workers, but they are often vulnerable groups in society, objects that are insulted and damaged, and writers go. Sympathy, compassion, enlightenment.

· Blindly renovating the content of the novel and forgetting the careful exploration of the art form. This is the literary “bitter fruit” that the “good-looking” standard must bring. I have said that now is the era when the art form of the novel is the most lacking in creativity. The art exploration is basically in a state of being conservative or even stagnant. In the new period of literature for more than ten years, the novel has been keen to explore in the form of expression, which has greatly promoted the development and transformation of the style of the novel. - Duan Chongxuan famous words

· If you say that the slogan of "good-looking novels" was put forward 10 years ago, it has the inevitability and rationality of its history and literature. Then today's novels, when they become "good-looking" and appear to be foamy, fast-food, and vulgar, this slogan should be "stopped." Because the novel not only has to be "good-looking" but also "art".

· There may be many factors contributing to this literary state, and it is worthy of further study. If you use the "successful way", the roots are not difficult to find. The work is written by the writer, and what kind of writers will produce what kind of literary works. Among the existing writers, middle-aged writers are naturally the backbone. Some of them come from cities, some are born in the countryside, and most of them are in the early and middle stages of the new era. Now it is the year of "destiny" or even "early", and the lower-level society is gradually separating.

· I studied writing between the 1970s and 1980s, and it was a period of old and new. Write a literary comment to the predecessors or teachers, they always "speak the nose and pick the eyes" in the language. I have been writing this way for many years, and I gradually discovered that this commentary language is problematic. It emphasizes the concept of the article, rationality, such as "skeleton", but ignores the author's own feelings, feelings and "blood flesh".

· The "rational" language is too rigid, and the "sensible" language is too embarrassing. In fact, the highest level of commentary language is the language of sensibility and rationality. Such a language, we may call it "smart" or "smart" language. . Where is this language? Among those writers, scholars, and critics who are well-trained in culture. The generations of the "May 4th" period, such as Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Qian Mu; later Chen Yu, Qian Zhongshu, Ji Yulin, etc., they used the "smart" language. Now some middle-aged scholars aged 40 or 50 are gradually approaching the realm of "wisdom."

· In the end, the writing language of a scholar and a critic is a comprehensive manifestation of his personality, self-cultivation, and realm, and is the crystal of wisdom in life. The "rational" language gives up the rich feelings of individual life, and let the concepts and theories take the nose away. The "sensible" language makes the sense of waywardness and erratic control dominate the writing, and the rational attributes of the commentary are removed, and there is no future. Only the "smart" language, the sensibility and the rationality, the individual and the human being, can reach the real academic realm. I think it is the right way to learn more from the senior scholars. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· "Reading the Bible", this long-lost word, this faded tradition. In the context of today's world integration and the market economy's long-term advancement, its sudden emergence has made people feel a bit "thrilling". It marks our nation, and now we can finally face our own history and face our traditional culture. To know that our traditional culture has been a disgraceful character for nearly a century, "top feudal", "corruption", "falling" and other top hats are tightly attached to its head.

· "Ten years of trees, a hundred years of tree people." To rebuild China's national culture, we must finally implement the human-human mind-building and implement it to cultivate young people with cultural roots. From generation to generation, passing on the fire, Chinese culture can take root, grow and become a national spiritual resource and a powerful driving force. Sadly, the educational mechanism for nurturing young people’s cultural personality has been abandoned for too long, at least seven or eighty years.

· Many people complain that scholars and writers who have not produced “masters” for decades have their roots not self-evident? Now, there is a popular slogan that "learning computers must start from the dolls", then, "the inheritance of Chinese culture must also start with dolls." I thought that this latter sentence is more important to China. As long as we spread the "cultural seeds" to the generations of young people, China's national culture will always have a day of rejuvenation and prosperity.

· I will never oppose the "reading the Bible". I raise my hands to support the "Reading Classics." A few years ago, I was fortunate to meet Mr. Zhang Bijun, a senior editor of the People’s Education Publishing House, who specially wrote Chinese language textbooks. I once took the liberty to say to the old gentleman: "I feel that the preparation of Chinese textbooks for middle school has failed for decades, and it lacks cultural content. The traditional culture of China for thousands of years has not been reflected in the textbooks." The old gentleman nodded frequently, thoughtfully. I feel that he is in favor of my opinion, but he is "in the mountains", what can he say? Now, the "Reading Classics" campaign has been carried out from the bottom up, and it is quite a "spark of fire", which is undoubtedly a serious challenge to the preparation of Chinese small language textbooks.

· The richness and splendor of Chinese traditional culture and its “unparalleled” value are beyond doubt. In particular, its emphasis on human moral cultivation, the idea of ​​"harmony between man and nature" and the "moderation of the mean" thoughts of dialectics are a valuable cultural heritage for China and the world. - Duan Chongxuan famous words

· The "Reading Classics" of primary and secondary school students must not only read the "May 4th" new cultural classics, but also read some Western cultural classics. Only a few can shape a generation of youth, a sound, modern, open and profound cultural personality. It is only possible for culture to truly move towards modernity.

· Rebuilding China's modern national culture is a huge, long-term, meticulous "extra large project" that is blind and unreasonable. It takes years, decades, or even generations of effort. Although there are many problems in the current reading of the primary and secondary school students, it is a good start and a good entry point. I still see hope and feel a kind of excitement in the heavy worries.

· Literary journals are in trouble, have strong external causes, and have deep internal causes. From the perspective of external factors, the whole society leans toward economic life. Money and material ruthlessly devour people's lives and spirits. Literature is left out and neglected, and gradually slips to the edge of society. At the same time, the cultural market that once was a unified unification has also undergone a new change. The film and television culture has developed rapidly, and the newspapers and periodicals of life have sprung up. The books on social sciences and natural sciences that are open to the public are also being published. The diverse books and magazines market has attracted and pulled away. The batch of readers, the loyal readership of the literature is getting smaller and smaller. It should be said that this is the direct reason for the sharp decline in the number of literary books and the decreasing number of readers.

· In recent years, criticism of the literary world has been heard, such as complaining that there are too few innovative works and too few mediocre works. For example, some writers are far from the world, and only write some small circles of life... In fact, this kind of wilting in the literary world Phenomenon, literary journals must bear the main responsibility, because literary journals as the author's creative field, the invisible hints and intentional guidance of the writer, its role can not be underestimated.

· Literary journals that have survived for decades in the economic model of planning, today is the point of non-reformability, otherwise it will never be able to get out of the predicament and eventually only disappear. It is naturally important to work hard to change the external living environment of literary journals, but the fundamental way out is to reform itself. Faced with the requirements of the new era, literary journals should combine the development of literary careers with the market, design the appearance of the readers with the aesthetic needs of the readers, reform the column configuration, compile and select literary works, and guide the writers to create; on the basis of satisfying the needs of readers, To enhance and broaden the reader's aesthetic realm as their "special mission"; to strengthen the self-construction of literary editors, establish a competitive mechanism, and improve editorial treatment, indeed form a strong and energetic editorial team. Only in this way, literary journals will die and die. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· You can make a “cradle publication” that supports the literary youth, or you can make a “everything publication” with a famous lineup. You can take the pure and elegant “Yangchun Baixue” road, or you can Choose the popularization approach to the public; you can insist on realism literature, and you can also support avant-garde novels; you can make cultural literary journals, and you can also breed new varieties with history and philosophy; You can make a variety of varieties into a single variety of publications. Naturally, if your "local platter" is very good, you don't have to change the pattern. Once the literary journal is loosened, its way out will be very broad, maybe it will be easier. The shoulders shoulder their mission and are more confident in facing readers and the market.

· The Chinese rural novels since the May Fourth Movement have grown tenaciously and have expanded and formed a magnificent landscape in the history of modern and contemporary literature. It should be said that the rural novels represent the rural life - civil society, but the folk culture - as the ideology of the civil society - has never been on the stage and made a protagonist.

· Folk culture is a very broad and mixed concept, so I won't go into details here. For the rural areas, folk culture can be likened to a river that can integrate hundreds of rivers. It accommodates the feudal ideology and culture that the feudal society has long formed. It carries the changing and evolving political ideology for decades. It even Infiltrated with the new cultural factors established by intellectuals.

· A kind of existence, a culture, can only show its unique value and charm under the comparison and illumination of another kind of existence and culture.

· History creates writers, and writers create history. Yimeng Mountain is a famous old revolutionary area. It paid a heavy price for the birth of the Republic. After liberation, it followed the social trend and feared to lag behind. In the eyes of the world, it is sacred and mysterious. When it comes to its decades of history, people often use a "left" word. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· I believe that literary criticism moves from "unifying the world" to "three-pointed world" and no longer attaches to certain ideas and trends. This is a liberation of literary criticism. Its diversion has made the criticism itself open and detailed, forming a pluralistic complementarity of criticism itself, which is conducive to the development of literary criticism. There are three types of criticism in the following areas: one is academic criticism, the other is criticism, and the third is media criticism. Several types of criticism have their own merits, and they have formed different criticisms and created different modes of criticism.

· The literary criticism of the "three-point world" situation has gone through more than 10 years, and now it is time to sort out, summarize and integrate. The so-called "long-term must be divided, long-term must be combined." Some people doubt whether literary criticism can still exist? Can literary criticism become a profession? This is indeed a question worth pondering. I believe that Chinese society is in a very difficult and complicated transition period. Literature will be inflated, multi-faceted and disorderly for a long time, which will profoundly affect people's thoughts, psychology and emotions. In the face of such a literary state, there must be no "maize regulation" and conscious guidance of literary criticism.

· Several types of critics should seriously summarize the experience and lessons of critical practice, break the portal view, see what strengths and weaknesses of other criticism models have, and take advantage of their own shortcomings to make their criticism more generous. Mature. For example, if the school is criticized, it should be used as a way of discussing the intuition and emotional penetration of the association criticism, so that the criticism of “construction” becomes fresh and individual. If it is a criticism of the association, it should learn from the academic criticism of the purity of the academic and the rigor of the exposition, so that the perceptual criticism contains rational logic. Critics of the media must pay attention to the standard of criticism and rational analysis, so that the criticism with the "news" color will last longer. The improvement of the external environment and the efforts of the critics themselves will lead to a literary criticism in China.

· The development of short stories to today, not to mention the "May 4th" and "17th Years", has been from the new period, and it has been 30 years since it has become a ripe fruit. Nowadays, most of the most accomplished writers of strength have started from the new era. Short stories are in their hands and have become a style that is easy to use.

· Why do some short stories always give people a feeling of being above, not hurting, and being alone? One of the underlying reasons is that these works were created in the study, written by the literati writers, and then created with reason and skill. They may be exquisite, profound, and aesthetic, but they are a bit "not eating the fireworks". - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· Short stories should be the most free and diverse styles. We need both super-excellent and in-depth elegance, as well as the simple and lively “original” system.

· Over the years, the fictional world has prevailed in a “documentary” trend. Many writers believe that the harsh, complex, ever-changing and bizarre real life is enough to describe it. Writers don't have to go to painstakingly imagine, fiction, and don't have to think through and think hard. Just grab a good subject, write the facts, and tell the truth, it will be a good work. The wave of novels such as “new realism”, “new experience” and “revitalization of realism” are all derived from this “documentary” thought and concept. This trend of thought is a great slogan for the novel to return to reality and approach readers, but it emphasizes that there is an art law in the novel.

· The ideological and artistic realm of short stories is hidden in the subject matter of the works, but it is also discovered by the writer through his "eyes" and presented in art form. From life to art is a very difficult process, which is a big difficulty for the average writer, and always a challenge for mature writers.

· Of course, a short story cannot be possessed in the emotional, spiritual, ideological, and aesthetic realm. When it reaches a high degree of harmony, it tends to be biased, highlighting one or several artistic situations, but all excellent short stories must be It is a world of art, rich and rich, and original.

· Wang Guowei's theory of "reality theory" is derived from the study of classical poetry. It is suitable for various literary genres, but it is more consistent with the artistic features of short stories. Because the short story is really a small and small tangible world, and it should be an infinitely large metaphysical world, which is very similar to the essential features of classical poetry. - Duan Chongxuan famous words

· Narrative methods and techniques are only a kind of aesthetic pursuit and expression means of writers on the surface, but they are actually a comprehensive reflection of the writer's ideological vision, cultural position, way of thinking and artistic taste. The conservative and monotonous narrative method of short stories reflects the lack of writers' thoughts and the decay of passion.

· In the trend of realism literature, we have seen another exploration tendency of short stories, that is, the closeness to the narrative tradition of Chinese classical novels. Learning from Western modernism or taking Chinese classicism is the driving force for the development of literature. For contemporary writers, perhaps the latter option is more likely to gain social and literary identity.

· The narrative tradition of ancient Chinese novels is profound and profound and is one of the most precious resources. Short stories have achieved initial success in the return to tradition, and we expect more writers to explore. However, the narrative method of Chinese classical novels has many "homogeneity" with Chinese modern novels, and it is difficult to revolutionize the development of the novel.

· Although the short stories in the present can also be used as a reference for modernist novels, the extraction and integration of Western literature has become the weakest link in the whole creative landscape. The revitalization and new life of contemporary short stories must be completed on the basis of fully absorbing the two resources of Chinese classical and Western modern.

· In the history of modern and contemporary Chinese literature, the short stories that have been favored and favored for many times have become more and more "out of favor" and "recession" in today's diverse and relaxed literary era. The voices of complaints and criticisms, from the end of the last century to today, are endless, indicating that its depression has been deep and long-lasting, and the light of revival has not yet been seen. In fact, when we put aside the extreme prejudice and read the short stories since 1989, we will be surprised to find that there are still many outstanding writers and works in the seemingly unsatisfactory short stories. As a style, short stories are more mature than ever, and there is a “quiet revolution” in its interior and deep. - Duan Chongxuan Quotations

· In the stage of Chinese contemporary literature, some scholars divided the later 1990s into another new literary period, “taking the 'new period literature' as a socio-political form of literature, while the 1990s literature was The writing form of 'business society'.

· The concept of short stories is a concept that is diverse and constantly evolving. But for a long time, we have always stood in the perspective of traditional realism to understand the characteristics of short stories and evaluate the creation of short stories.

· In the pattern of diversified short stories, social reality novels still occupy a large proportion. Writers see some very sensitive phenomena and events in real life, but they are not satisfied with asking questions from the political and social levels, or because they have lost their questions and “enlightenment” because of the “marginalization” of writers’ positions. The passion of the people, then they turned around and walked desperately into the depths of life to find something deeper inside.

· History of the sinking novel. Any history is contemporary. The novelist's interpretation of history can reveal some deep things that are obscured by the official history, such as folk customs, regional culture, people's lives and psychology. This helps us to better understand history and become a cultural resource of today.

· Emotional psychological novels. What are the most serious problems for people in the market economy society? Gradually it is not a matter of material survival, but an emotional psychological problem. "Psychiatric diseases" have increasingly become a common phenomenon. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· Living philosophy novels. The novel is perceptual and image, but excellent novels often lead to culture and philosophy. The philosophical speculative logic and the trajectory of the novel can often be the same.

· The saying that "the glory days of literature has come to an end" has been around since the end of the last century, and it is still in the air. In fact, this is a fact that has come to the fore. It is no longer necessary to contend and argue. In the mid-1980s, the hoarseness of poetry first, followed by the depression of short stories, was a precursor to the end of literature.

· From the new period literature to the new century literature, we have indeed passed on the "May 4th" literary tradition more, but in the process of inheritance, we have not only failed to effectively overcome the "May 4th" literature and the peasant's diaphragm. "Blind spots", even abandoned the sense of urgency, "living people" and so on. The "popular literature" tradition, because of the complex relationship with political ideology and the distortion of the "Left" era, has long been cold and forgotten by our writers. This has led to the gradual decline of today's literature and the peasants, and the rapid "sandification" of the rural literature market.

· Of course, today's rural areas “lack” new literature, and farmers “reject” new literature. The problems are not all in literature and writers. Now is the era of market economy. Pragmatism and utilitarianism have become the universal value orientation. The peasants who are burdened with survival and life are unable and indifferent to spiritual and cultural life.

· Now we revisit Zhao Shuli’s literary thoughts and creative pursuits, and profoundly realize that the 50s and 60s were an era of attempting to establish “popular literature”, and indeed produced a number of representative outstanding works, but this kind of literature It is deeply influenced by the political "Utopia" thought and the "Left" thought. It is fundamentally different from Zhao Shuli's literary ideal. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· The literary space in the countryside is shrinking and diminishing, but it does not mean that it disappears completely and disappears without a trace. As a cultural soul and a spiritual light, literature will always be accompanied by people's lives. Whether in the war years or in peace, whether in developed rural areas or poor mountain villages. We saw in some rural areas in Jinbei, where the economy is still backward and still retains the face of the 1950s and 1960s, the cultural life of farmers is mainly TV programs and folk art.

· The pressures and crises of survival have ruthlessly worn out the peasants' pursuit of spiritual and cultural life. The cultural environment in which young literary enthusiasts and literary authors have been bred in the past has ceased to exist. The traditional rural culture has long been broken, and the concept of socialist culture in the early days of the founding of the country has become a beautiful dream in the countryside. In the situation that modern rural culture is in a "missing position", heterogeneous urban culture takes advantage of it. The rural culture centered on "loyalty and filial piety", "benevolence and righteousness" and "ethics" is being "colonized" by the practical, utilitarian and desire urban culture. The countryside is not only in a state of economic distress, but also in a state of cultural scarcity.

· Rural and farmers do not need literature. The peasant readers need literature that is connected with their flesh and blood and "knowing the spleen." The readers' reading horizons are not narrow. Ancient historical novels, revolutionary historical novels, martial arts novels, urban novels, and broken novels are all of their interest. But they prefer to see rural novels that show rural life and their own destiny.

· Farmers are actually a very picky readership. They only read and like the works of the spleen and stomach. But their aesthetic taste is not as single and closed as we imagined. The nature they love is the kind of literature with the charm of folk literature and classical novels, but it is not exclusive to those works that "nationalize" the "Europeanization" form and language.

· Literature is a wind direction instrument that reflects the social situation. It is a detector of the pulse of the sensing age. It is a scalpel that dissects the soul of the people. It is a beacon light that walks in the spirit of the national spirit. Its keenness, subtlety, and deepness are incomparable to other literary and artistic varieties, such as drama, music, and TV series. - Duan Chongxuan Quotations

· Our literature, especially rural literature, must truly represent the countryside and peasants, become the ideological resources and spiritual power of cultural construction in the "new rural construction", and become an important part of the peasant cultural life, which needs to be from the external environment of literature. Start with the internal mechanism and form a multi-party joint effort to carry out arduous exploration. It is only possible to break the "hard ice". From the perspective of literature itself and the writer's main body, it is necessary to focus on solving a series of problems that integrate literary traditions, transform writers' positions and innovate national styles.

· About integrating literary traditions. Today we should reasonably realize that the "May 4th" literary tradition and the "popularized literature" tradition each have their own "advantages" and each has its own "blind spot." The former pays attention to the depth of thought and artistic innovation, and regards the "enlightenment" people as the creative aim, but its focus on the writers has, to a certain extent, neglected the reading and acceptance of the vast number of peasant readers. The latter emphasizes the reality of the subject matter and the "popularization" of the writing method. In fact, it is the "correction" and expansion of the "May 4th" literary tradition, but it is more extensive in terms of thought and artistic expression.

· Literary style is a comprehensive expression of the writer's creative personality, intellectual cultivation, and artistic pursuit. At the same time, it is a natural manifestation of a national social life, cultural tradition, and aesthetic psychology. The cultural heritage of the Chinese nation is deeply rooted and has a distinct expression in the literature of all ages.

· The country novels of the 1980s have a new and deep expansion in terms of regional color. A series of reforms in rural China have brought about profound changes in the ancient and calm countryside; the fate of countless Chinese peasants has also become colorful and unpredictable. Everything drives the rural novel writers living at the bottom, to study the social changes in the land, to experience the fate and psychological process of the peasants there, to reflect on the cultural accumulation in the thick soil, and form a gesture of diversity. Regional novels.

· The dilution of the regional color in the current rural novels, and even the decline, shows another more complicated scene. Of course, it is arbitrarily said that the regional color in the current rural novels has completely disappeared, and it is not an objective fact. The regional colors are in certain regions. Some writers still remain stubbornly in their creations, and even perform very prominently and maturely. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· Staying in the city for a long time, letting you experience life in a fancy way, and hearsay, you will make up the rural reform story. How can you write a genuine regional novel? The geographical color and regional culture of a land is a unique and organic living body. It is deeply hidden in the landscape and land, contained in the customs of the people, and precipitated in the character psychology of the villagers. The writer only goes in honestly. It is possible to truly write the form and charm of this region by feeling, experiencing, and discriminating with all your thoughts, feelings, and even life.

· Standing on the threshold of the turn of the century, looking back at the Chinese village novels of the last ten years of this century, we seem to have seen a bumpy field, red, yellow, green, colorful, and the grain is strong and fruitful. This rich harvest is the result of this hot land under the feet, and it is the condensation of the sweat of countless workers. In the 1990s, Chinese rural novels, with its rich and varied attitude, bid farewell to the heavy past and move toward a new century.

· Literature of an era, if it cannot express the mainstream life of contemporary society in a keen, faithful and multi-faceted manner, it will be a weak and even morbid literature. New realistic novels, new state novels, late-generation novels, etc., which appeared in the late 1980s and until the 1990s, have cut into contemporary life, but they tend to focus on individual habits and self-desires, etc. In the face of the grand era, it shows a kind of weakness, narrowness and even morbidity.

· The so-called "head-up angle" means that a writer should treat the countryside and the peasants with equal attitude and parallel position when looking at and expressing life. They are not prejudiced, prejudiced, not pre-emptive, and use a sincere and tolerant The heart is approaching the countryside and farmers. This is very different from the "top view" and "upward angle" adopted by some of our past writers.

· In the interpretation of historical development, the famous French annalist Fernan Brodell put forward the historical thought of "overall history". He divided the history into three periods: long, medium and short. It refers to the phenomena of long-term and slowest changes in the natural environment, social organization, and cultural and ideological traditions. He calls this “structure”; the so-called medium time period refers to slow changes such as population changes and long-term price changes. The phenomenon is called “the situation”; the so-called short period refers to the fastest-changing phenomenon such as war and revolution, called “event”. - Duan Chongxuan's famous sentence

· In the long-term agricultural civilization, peasants live together, live together, and live in harmony, forming an ancient and harmonious relationship. In the situation that the relationship between people in modern society has become more and more transparent and utilitarian, the relationship between the peasants and the music is particularly precious.

· In the mid-eighties, with the massive introduction of Western culture and deep reflection on Chinese traditional culture, an unprecedented “cultural fever” movement was formed in the intellectual circle, which directly promoted the birth of “root-seeking literature”. Many thoughtful writers have withdrawn their artistic gaze from real life, betting on the backcountry, wild aliens, and some weird folk figures to explore the roots of the nation's culture.

· Under the encroachment of industrial civilization, the idyllic villages have gradually become unrecognizable. The ruins of the countryside are towering with modern small towns. The material world has become so beautiful and rich, and the human soul world has become fluttering. Suddenly, nowhere to land. I believe this is the spiritual state of many modern rural farmers, and it is the spiritual image of many sensitive writers.

· They returned with full load and harvested a large number of eye-catching cultural and rural novels. The "root-seeking literature" has made a breakthrough in rural novels, which makes rural novels have a profound cultural character. Since then, cultural and rural novels have become a tributary of the overall rural novels. They have been developed until the 1990s, and outstanding works have emerged in an endless stream, creating a group of outstanding rural novel writers.