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Environmental Engineering Understanding Internship Report


Environmental Engineering Understanding Internship Report

First of all, we came to the sludge drying plant affiliated to the water supply plant in the West District of Fuzhou. Fuzhou West District Waterworks undertakes the water supply task of Fuzhou West District, with a daily water supply of 4 million tons. The purpose of this sludge drying plant is to treat the sludge discharged from the waterworks. Under the teacher's explanation, we learned that different treatment plans should be formulated according to the nature of the treatment object and the treatment target when formulating the treatment plan. When dealing with these sludges, we first need to reduce the fluidity of the sludge, that is, reduce its water content, change it from flow to no flow, and finally become solid, and then landfill or reuse it, such as For fertilizer. The main work objective in the treatment of sludge is to separate the muddy water, which is free water, surface water and capillary water. The untreated sludge has a moisture content of 99%. Under normal circumstances, the treated sludge moisture content is reduced to 55%-60%, and only the sludge moisture content after incineration will be reduced to 10%. 10% of the water contained in the sludge is free, 20%-30% is surface water, and most of the rest is capillary water. Taking into account the objectives of the governance, the cost and the nature of the object of governance, it is only required to remove the free water and surface water in the sludge, so that the solid waste does not flow. According to the nature of the sludge, the dry chemical plant has developed such a process: the sludge is produced from the water purification plant and transported to the drying plant; first, the coagulant is added to the sludge, which is a kind of mixing. Condensation process, which is to free the surface water; then the sludge is transported to a high-density clarifier where the free water of the sludge is separated and the clarified water is discharged directly into the Minjiang River because of these clarifications. The water is not re-contaminated, and most of the separated sediment sludge is transported to the dry bed for drying by evaporation principle, and the dried sludge is disposed of by landfill. A small portion of the separated sludge is re-entered into the high-density clarifier through sludge return for treatment. After this series of introductions, we started to visit the internship. First, we came to the dosing room. Here we have seen a kind of polyacrylamide called flocculant. This flocculant mainly acts as a bridging agent. It is an organic flocculant. The organic flocculant has different effects depending on the molecular weight. These flocculants First, the dissolving dissolver is dissolved by a stirrer, and then these drugs are introduced into the high-density clarifier through the dosing pump. In the process, the plunger principle is applied to maintain a stable flow rate, and the circulation method is adopted. Adjustment, at the same time, it should be noted that there must be a ladder and a cleaning tank around the dissolved solvent, which is the requirement for environmental engineering. After coming out of the dosing room, we entered another operating room. There are many valves and pumps. The most important one is the lifting pump. It controls the lifting and recirculating of the sludge through the switch of the valve. Mud turbidity and pH are also monitored and controlled by on-line monitoring equipment. Next, we came to the high-density clarifier, where a mixer was used to promote the contact of the mud, there is also a inclined tube sedimentation tank, and the suspended sludge layer will form a filter, which is refluxed with the sludge. The structure of the high-density clarifier is guaranteed, which also takes into account economic problems. Finally, we came to the dry bed, which is the place where the sludge is dried. The sludge is transported from the inclined pipe sedimentation tank through the drain pipe to the dry bed. The design of the dry bed is related to the climate law of the area. When the amount of evaporation is greater than the local precipitation and there is sufficient area, the precipitation factor can be ignored. Since the dry bed also produces clarified water, a walling machine is arranged around the drying bed, which is adjusted by the wall machine. The height of the water surface in the pool and the clarified water filtered by the sand layer will also be directly discharged into the Minjiang River.
At present, the development of sludge treatment and disposal in urban water purification plants is as follows: In the construction of urban water purification plants in the past, sludge treatment has been neglected, and people pay more attention to sewage treatment in industrial production. Before the 19th, the mud water treatment facilities of water purification plants built by various countries were mostly designed and applied along with sewage and sludge treatment methods of sewage treatment plants, mainly using sludge ponds and dry field treatment and sludge. With the development of urbanization process, researchers began to seriously study the mud water treatment and sludge disposal work of the water purification plant in the 1960s, and investigated the relationship between the mud removal of the water purification plant and the water purification process of the water purification plant. In the 1970s, the US federal government promulgated the Water Pollution Control Law, requiring states to set standards, and the waterworks sludge must be treated and discharged. A draft sludge treatment development. The development goal is: by the end of the 1970s, the application of technology can be used to rationally carry out sludge treatment, and requires all types of water plants to eliminate the pH value of the sewage and the total suspended solids. By the early 1980s, the economics of the sludge treatment process had to be considered, and the sludge or filtrate after the sludge treatment was required to be reused; by the mid-1980s, the sludge discharge was eliminated nationwide to cause environmental pollution. In 1975, Japan also promulgated the "Water Pollution Prevention Act", which stipulates that water purification plants without sedimentation tanks and filters must be treated to meet water quality standards. In recent years, new water purification plants in major and medium-sized cities in the developed countries such as the United States, Russia, Japan, Britain, and France have set up relatively high-automatic and highly automated sewage and sludge treatment facilities. Mechanical dewatering methods such as centrifugal dewatering and pressurized dewatering are commonly used. Some water purification plants in Europe, due to low suspended solids content in raw water, low turbidity, and low sludge content in waterworks, often discharge mud directly into municipal sewage management, and transport it to the nearest sewage plant for sludge treatment. According to relevant information, the amount of sludge that has been concentrated and dewatered by water purification plants in many countries in Europe accounts for 70% of the total sludge of the water purification plant. The specific technology used for sludge removal is significantly different due to the natural conditions and habits of each country. However, the overall trend in recent years is that the use of dry sound and dry ponds is reduced, and centrifugal and filter press dewatering are gradually dominant.
China's water purification plant sludge treatment and disposal started late. Due to the mud discharge of the water purification plant, it was generally considered that its composition is equivalent to the original solid component of the water body, and only some flocculants in the treatment process were added. The impact on the environment is very small. Therefore, the mud discharge of the vast majority of water purification plants has been discharged directly into the water body. However, with the increasing emphasis on the protection of water resources by the Chinese government, especially the continuous expansion of the city scale, The mud discharge of the water purification plant has gradually become prominent. According to rough statistics, the largest city in China, the water purification plant in Shanghai can discharge 300,000 tons of water into the water body every year, and the organic matter is 10%, up to 30,000 tons. . The mud discharge of the water purification plant is being closely watched by relevant departments. The Water Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control have enacted a series of water resources protection laws and regulations. The water plant sludge is put on the agenda, and the harmless treatment of the water plant sludge has become an important task in the domestic urban water supply industry.
The water purification plant is the direct victim of water pollution. Because the raw water pollution brings many difficulties to the water purification process, the cost of clean water is rising, protecting the water source, taking the road of sustainable development, and discharging the mud from the water purification plant. It is the responsibility of the first to do the discharge of the target.
Leaving the sludge treatment plant, our next stop is Fuzhou Fengquan Environmental Protection Group.
When we get here, our first step is to visit the solid waste heat treatment and tail gas treatment plant waste incineration exhaust gas purification device. Here we are visiting the medical waste pyrolysis furnace, which is mainly for pyrolysis and incineration of medical waste. First, the garbage first enters the pyrolysis furnace. In the pyrolysis furnace, there is a high temperature of 1200 degrees Celsius for the anaerobic combustion of the garbage, which will generate a large amount of organic gases. The exhaust gas mainly contains HF, HCL, dier, and some organic gases. gas. After that, these gases enter the second and third combustion chambers from the pyrolysis furnace. After entering the second combustion chamber, these gases are fed to the combustion chamber and then enter the three combustion chambers for further combustion. After burning, the organic components of the gas are completely burned, and the rest are acid gases and dier. These gases will then enter the quench tower. In the quench tower, the temperature of these gases will drop dramatically, from 750 degrees Celsius above to about 200 degrees Celsius. Among them, gas-liquid two-way nozzles can remove HCL and avoid the re-generation of dier . Next, the gas coming out of the quench tower will enter the semi-dry acid removal tower where the acid gas will be removed by neutralization with NaOH, Na2CO3 or Ca2, and all the water in this semi-dry acid removal tower will The temperature of the flue gas evaporates, so that only the solid state is left in the incoming liquid, which avoids the treatment of the waste liquid, and a rotary spray device is also provided therein, and the rotation speed reaches 16,000 rpm, which in turn causes the exhaust gas to be treated. More complete. Next, the exhaust gas enters the bag filter. At this time, the composition of the exhaust gas is mainly dust, dier and a small amount of organic gas. In the bag filter, there is an activated carbon powder spraying device, which uses activated carbon layer to treat the gas pollutants and dust. This further reduces the harmful substances in the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas discharged from the bag filter will enter the activated carbon adsorption chamber in the next step. In this activated carbon adsorption chamber, there is a large amount of activated carbon fiber, which can further purify and absorb the harmful gas that has not been processed and converted to meet the exhaust emission standard. After that, the exhaust gas can enter the exhaust system. The exhaust system should be designed according to the temperature and characteristics of the exhaust gas and discharged into the external environment. In addition, during the visit, we will find that the passage of the gas is curved, in order to prolong the gas stay time, which is the details to be considered in the engineering design process. The above is the principle of the process flow of the medical waste pyrolysis furnace. Its illustration is as follows:


Pyrolysis furnace, second combustion chamber, three combustion chamber, quenching tower, semi-dry acid removal tower
Bag filter dust collector activated carbon adsorption system










Here we also saw another set of equipment, which is a set of incinerators for the treatment of domestic waste. It mainly consists of a rotary kiln, a cyclone, and an absorption tower. The rotary kiln is used to burn garbage. The cyclone is used to remove dust, and the last absorption tower is used to remove acid. This is the general process flow of a domestic waste incinerator. From here, we can see that the treatment process of medical waste is more complicated than the treatment process of domestic garbage, because the harmful components of medical waste are more and the composition is more complicated.
After visiting a series of solid waste heat treatment and exhaust gas treatment devices, we came to the next place to visit - the location of the enamel assembled tank sewage treatment equipment.
This is a biological wastewater treatment system that works by using microorganisms to degrade organic matter. First, the sewage will enter the regulation tank, which can adjust the water volume and water quality of the sewage, and then the water that controls the water entering the device by the water pump will send the water into the device. After that, the sewage will enter the anaerobic pool. Here, the facultative bacteria play a major role. In this process, the outside world does not oxygenate the sewage. The purpose is to consume organic matter in the sewage, hydrolyze the acidified organic matter, and the treatment rate is 50. %the above. Then, the sewage will enter the first contact oxidation pond, where aerobic microorganisms are mainly active, so it is oxygenated, after which the sewage will enter the second contact oxidation pond, where most of the organic matter in the water It will be decomposed, and the method of using the violent gas in the first contact oxidation pond and the second contact oxidation pond will allow sufficient contact and reaction of oxygen, microorganisms and sewage. The sewage coming out of the second contact oxidation pond will enter the secondary settling tank. In the secondary settling tank, the suspended solids and water will be separated, and the water discharged from the secondary settling tank is the water that meets the discharge standard. Under the teacher's introduction, we also learned that sewage can also be used to purify suspended solids through sand filters, but because of the repeated use of sand filter devices, sewage is generated in this process, so this treatment is not often used. In addition to the biological purification method used in this device, there are other biological purification methods such as contact oxidation method and activated sludge method.
After a semester of introductory study, we have a preliminary understanding of environmental engineering. The environment is the basic premise of human survival and development, and the impact of human production and living activities on the environment is ubiquitous and important, so it is a Earth people, we should do our best to protect the environment we live in, protect the environment is to protect human beings, to be a qualified environmental engineer, but also to recognize the importance of the environment, to be aware of their shoulders How important is the responsibility, we need to study professional knowledge and master the professional knowledge we have learned, and temper ourselves through continuous practice, so that the professional knowledge we have learned can be integrated, know how to apply it, and let yourself be truly Become a qualified environmental worker, a qualified environmental engineer!

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