[Boutique] How to write a speech

Part 1: How to write a speech

How to write a speech

The speech is also called a speech. It is a speech delivered at a more grand ceremony and in some public places.

The speech is the basis for the speech, and it is the specification and prompt of the content and form of the speech. It embodies the purpose and means of the speech, the content and form of the speech.

Speeches are a style often used by people in their work and social life. It can be used to exchange ideas, feelings, expressions and opinions; it can also be used to introduce one's own learning, work and experience...etc. The speech has the functions of propaganda, agitation, education and appreciation, and it can bring the speaker The opinions, opinions and thoughts and feelings are conveyed to the audience and the readers, convincing them and resonating with their thoughts and feelings.

The speech has the following three characteristics:

First, targeted. A speech is a social activity and a form of propaganda for public use. In order to imitate the audience with thoughts, feelings, examples and theories, to impress the audience and to "conquer" the people, we must have realistic pertinence. The so-called pertinence, first of all, is the question raised by the author, which is the concern of the audience. The commentary and the argument must have an eloquent logical force to be accepted and convinced by the audience, so that the social effect should be achieved. Secondly, Understand that audiences have different objects and different levels, and public places have different types, such as party gatherings, professional meetings, service clubs, schools, social groups, religious groups, various competition occasions, writing according to different occasions. And different objects, design different speech content for the audience.

Second, it can be talked about. The essence of the speech lies in "speaking" rather than "acting". It is mainly based on "speaking" and supplemented by "playing". Since the speech should be verbally accepted, the draft must be based on the premise of being easy to say. If some articles and works are mainly read and appreciated, and the meaning and affection are appreciated, then the requirements of the speech are “speaking in the ear”. A good speech should be talked to the speaker; it should be good for the audience. Therefore, after the speech is written, the author should be able to check it by trial or meditation. Anything that is not pleasing or unclear should be revised and adjusted.

If the speech is written in a dull and uninteresting manner, even if you play it on the spot, the effect will not be good, or even the opposite.

The structure of the speech has its own special features.

The structure of the speech is divided into three parts: the head, the main body and the ending. The structural principle is roughly the same as the structural principle of the general article. However, since the speech is a time and space activity, the structure of the speech has its own characteristics, especially its beginning and end have special requirements.

First, to catch the audience at the beginning, fascinating

The beginning of the speech is also called the opening remark. It plays a prominent role in the structure of the speech and plays an important role. The Swiss writer Winkler said: "The opening ceremony has two tasks: one is to establish the same feelings of the speaker and the listener; the other is to release the scene and introduce the topic as the meaning of the word." A good speech should be used at the beginning. The simple language and the most economical time attract the attention and excitement of the audience, so that the surprising effect can be achieved. The opening techniques are mainly: 1. Wedges. Use a few sincere words to establish personal relationships with the audience, gain the goodwill and trust of the audience; 2. Connect. Directly reflect a situation, or a problem to be discussed, often use a small matter, a metaphor, personal experience, anecdotal rumors, unexpected questions, and link the main speech content; 3. Inspire. Some questions that stimulate the audience's thinking can be put forward, and the audience's attention can be focused on the speech; 4. Touch the question. Tell the audience what they are going to say at the beginning. The speeches of many famous politicians, writers and national leaders in the world are like this.

There are a variety of methods at the beginning of the speech, and the main ones are:

1. Open the door and remind the subject. This kind of opening is the beginning of a lecture, and it directly points to the center of the speech.

2. Introduce the situation and explain the root cause. This kind of opening can quickly shorten the distance from the audience, making the audience eager to understand the following.

In addition to the above three methods, there are also interpretations, suspense, police, humor, pun, lyrics and so on.

Second, the main body should be interlocked and layered

This is the main part of the speech. In the process of writing, we must deal with several issues such as level, rhythm and convergence.

level

The level is the order of presentation of the thought content of the speech. It embodies the steps of the speaker's thinking and also reflects the speaker's understanding of the objective things. The level of the structure of the speech is to select and combine the materials according to the time and space characteristics of the speech. And formed. Since the speech is directly facing the audience's activities, the structural level of the speech is that the audience cannot grasp it by visual, and the listening level is limited by the time of the speech.

Then, how can we make the structure of the speech clear and clear? According to the characteristics of the audience with the level of auditory grasp, the basic method of displaying the structure level of the speech is to establish a clear voice language mark in the speech, so as to appeal to the audience at the right time. Hearing, and thus achieve a clear level of effect. The speaker repeatedly asks questions in the speech, and based on the questions to explain his own views, the structure can be interlocked and deepened. In addition, the use of transitional sentences in speeches or the use of words such as “first”, “second” and “then” to distinguish levels is also an effective way to make the levels clear.

Rhythm

Rhythm refers to the relaxation and fluctuation of the speech content in the structural arrangement.

The rhythm of the structure of the speech is mainly achieved through the transformation of the content of the speech. The transformation of the content of the speech is to insert humor, poetry, anecdote and other content appropriately in the content of a theme idea, so that the audience's attention is kept at a high level of concentration without causing excitement suppression because of high concentration. Almost no good speaker has no longer used this method.

The rhythm of the structure of the speech must be both clear and modest. Tiled straightforward, dull and stagnation, will certainly make the audience nervous, and the content changes too frequently, it will also cause the audience to be distracted. Therefore, the inserted content should serve the realization of the speech intent, and the frequency of the rhythm should also be determined according to the psychological characteristics of the audience.

Connection

Cohesion refers to the combination of the various levels of content in a speech, so that it has a sense of unity. Since the rhythm of the speech needs to change the content of the speech in a timely manner, it is easy to make the structure of the speech appear fragmented. Cohesion is a kind of compensation for the tight structure and sparseness of the structure. It makes the transformation of various content levels more subtle and natural, which makes the speech rich in the overall sense and contributes to the deepening of the theme of the speech.

The method of articulating the structure of the speech is mainly to use the transitional sections or transitional sentences that are related to the two paragraphs and the two levels.

Third, the end should be simple and powerful, and the residual sound is around the beam. The end is the natural end of the speech. The conciseness and the end of the reverberation can make the audience feel refreshed and encourage the audience to constantly think and recollect. The loose, boring and boring ending can only make the audience bored and forgotten as time goes by. How can the audience be impressed? American writer John Wolf said: "The speech is best to be decisive when the audience is interested in the climax, and it will stop when it is not finished." This is the most effective end of the speech. method. When the speech is at its climax, the audience's cerebral cortex is highly excited, and attention and emotion are optimally achieved. If the speech is suddenly closed in this state, the final impression remaining in the listener's brain is particularly profound.

There is no fixed format at the end of the speech, or a concise summary of the main points of the speech, or a call-to-action, agitation, or end with poetry and humorous words. But the general principle is to impress the audience.

Finally, it is important to pay attention to the manuscripts written in accordance with the speech writing requirements:

First, understand the object, and target

The speech is for people to listen to. Therefore, to write a speech, we must first understand the audience: understand their mental state, cultural level, professional status; understand what they care about and urgently need to solve, and so on. Otherwise, if you don’t look at the object, the speech will be written with extra effort, and the audience will feel uninterested and indifferent, and will not achieve the purpose of propaganda, agitation, education and appreciation.

Second, the point of view is clear, the feelings are sincere

The speeches are clear-cut, showing the speaker's affirmation of a rational understanding, showing the speaker's insight into the objective things, and giving people credibility and reliability. If the speech is not clear, it will lack the persuasive power and lose the role of the speech.

The speech must have sincere feelings in order to impress people, infect people, and be agitated. Therefore, it requires attention to the emotional color of expression, combining reason and sensation. There is both a calm analysis and a passionate agitation; both angry and happy; both ambiguous and loving. Of course, this deep and touching feeling should not be "squeezed out", but from the heart, like spring water spewing out.

Third, the text changes, rich in waves

There are many elements that make up the speech, there are content, arrangements, and the psychological characteristics of the audience and the rules of understanding things. If you can grasp the psychological characteristics of the audience and understand the laws of things, properly select materials and arrange materials, it can also make the speech stir in the hearts of the audience. In other words, the speech should be written in a wave, mainly not by the level of the tone, but by the content of the ups and downs, there are Zhang Yichi, there is emphasis, there is a repetition, there is comparison, there is care.

Fourth, the language is smooth, profound and interesting

To write or say everything that the speaker conceived in his mind, so that people can see and hear it, they must use language as a tool to exchange ideas. Therefore, the use of language is good or bad, and it has a great impact on writing speeches. To improve the quality of speeches, we must not make a difference in the use of language.

Article 2: How to write a speech

First, the preparation of the speech

Top ten elements of speech preparation: selecting topics; analyzing audiences; collecting materials; writing speeches; making video aids; designing situational language; modifying images; compiling abstracts; comprehensive exercises; The goals achieved by a good speech: profound knowledge; adequate materials; rigorous logic; accurate language; clear structure. The choice of topic is the key to the success of the speech, and the principle of choosing the topic: suitable for the speaker; suitable for the audience; suitable for the organizer.

1. The title is the "beginning" at the beginning of the speech. A good topic is also a good idea. The topic should be both informative and appealing, vivid, refined and novel.

2. Analyze the audience to do three main tasks: collect important information about the audience to determine the similarities of most of the audience; predict the audience's interest, understanding and attitude towards the topic, have decided the content of the speech; understand the audience The scale and their attitudes to develop a strategy for speaking.

3. Collect data to pay attention to the following four questions: to collect materials suitable for the audience; to collect a variety of different types of materials; to connect the collected materials together with their material sources and write them on separate note cards, and to classify the cards, and Additional materials.

Carnegie: I am thinking about the topic and content of your speech. I have always thought of it to be familiar and melted, so you can create a new set of ideas, like the sprout of a seed, naturally expanding and developing.

Kalinin: Writing a speech will force you to study more deeply. The writing of the script is such an in-depth process, and it has to go through such hardships, so that the theme of the speech is deepened.

4. Make visual aids considerations: fully consider the audience's ability to accept; do not rely too much on the help of visual aids; make in advance, and design and practice; simple, clear, do not make too complex visual aids.

5. Design Situation Language: Situational language is both a means of expressive expression and an aesthetic object of the audience. The lack of words, the dance of the hand, the dance of the foot. Lin Yutang said: not only prevent "over", but also not "foot".

6. Retouching the image: The speaker's image is the external manifestation of the speaker's thought, morality, sentiment, knowledge and personality. Clothing, hair style, is the reflection of the speaker's character temperament and culture. Appropriate image retouching can showcase the unique personal charm of the speaker's good internal training machine.

7. Compilation Summary: This way of using the abstract can ensure that you are “speaking” the manuscript instead of “backing” the manuscript to the audience, which can effectively enhance the communication between the speech and the audience. Churchill: I buy fire insurance, but I don't want my house to catch fire. How to prepare a summary of the speech: write the main points and sub-points; list the structure outline; extract key information of important materials; prompt words and marks.

8. Repeated drills: Comprehensive exercises on speech, including familiarity with content, enhancement of sound, expression of body posture, and use of visual aids.

9. Familiar with the speech environment: The quality of the environment is an important factor in the success of the speech. It is often said that a very bad room will turn a best speech into a disaster.

Second, the organization of the speech

The speech has a very unique question, it is a written spoken language, it is a colloquial article. The language features of the speech: the clarity of the audience; the immediacy of the language; the on-the-spot expression.

Lin Yutang: A good speech, after his speech is finished, he will feel that his speech has four copies, one is what he originally prepared; one is what he actually said; one is in the newspaper. It was published on the other side; he also thought about how he should talk about the law at the time of his return home.

One of the most common mistakes in organizing speeches is that they do not distinguish between verbal and written styles, and write speeches as papers and reports. It is important to remember that the speech is for the human ear, not for the eyes.

All in all, the speech is a highly generalized, refined and artistically processed spoken language. The language is concise, smooth and vivid; the content is precise, standardized and beautiful; the form is beautiful and artistic. The expression requirements of the speech: concise, vivid, smooth, and popular.

1. The positive effect of the speech on the speech: to ensure that the content is correct, comprehensive and logical; to strengthen the normative and expressive power of the language; to help overcome the market and enhance confidence; to help the speaker properly grasp the time.

2. Characteristics of the speech: sound transmission; presence; integrity

3. The structure of the speech: consists of three parts: the beginning, the middle and the end. Ask questions at the beginning, analyze the problem in the middle, and solve the problem at the end. The tone is set at the beginning, forming a climax in the middle, and the end is thought-provoking.

4. The beginning of the speech: short and delicate, novel and attractive. Five goals: to determine the expectations of the audience; to set the tone of the speech; to preview the framework of the speech; to develop a common basis for communication with the audience; to establish the credibility of the speaker.

Effective forms of opening remarks: stories, common foundations, personal references, personal experiences, praises, amazing statements, grievances, suspense, metaphors, questions, comparisons, humor, puns, etc. Attention to the problem: the length should be moderate; the most re-opening of the opening remarks; avoid the taboo of the opening, dull, self-proclaimed, excessive humility.

At the beginning of the question: smart questions are the sign of wisdom; evoking the attention and interest of the audience, shortening the distance between the speaker and the audience, is the rapid communication of the two feelings; the beginning of the question type, to be good, and appropriate.

Narrative style begins: Because the stock market has vivid plots, novelty and other characteristics, it is easy to win the attention of the audience and arouse the interest of the audience. Requirement: Narrative should be concise and concise, short and precise, not to be dragged; things are targeted and can trigger the interest of the audience; the narratives are closely related to the central topic.

At the beginning of the problem-solving: I want to explain and explain the meaning of the topic of the speech, and can naturally and smoothly transfer to the discussion of the text. To do this: avoid Luo Yi, synonymously repeat; force to find new, not unconventional; do not pretend to be modest, boasting.

The beginning of the Ming Dynasty: open the righteousness, open the door, summarize the main content, directly cut into the theme, explain the intention. To do this: focus on the language, the language is accurate and concise, it is not easy to turn around, and the rendering is too much; this way of starting is often used in more serious speeches.

At the beginning of the lyric style: to express the deceitful atmosphere, to the emotional person, to make the audience quickly infected with emotions, and to listen to the speech content. More rhetorical techniques such as comparison, metaphor, and comparison are used. The image is vivid and fascinating. To be done: true feelings; not artificial.

Beginning of the display: used in military speeches, court lectures or academic lectures. By presenting the real thing, the audience is given a sensuous and intuitive impression, presenting and expounding his own opinions.

5. The main body of the speech: refers to the part of the topic, but also the core of the speech, but responsible for expounding and demonstrating the point of view, to achieve the purpose of persuading and infecting the audience.

Arrange a complete, orderly, and clear structure;

Full argumentation point of view;

Set emotional climax;

Interlanguage, content preview, internal summary. Use a large number of inductive and suggestive language to provide content clues to the audience, and to better understand and remember what you are saying. Speech master Kushner: When you can't make up your mind, add a transition.

6. The end of the speech: The conclusion is as important as the beginning, and is the last chance for the speaker to express his thoughts and impress the audience. A good ending can make the speech come to a successful end in a warm atmosphere, leaving a strong impression on the audience. It is necessary to pay attention to: passionate and inspiring; novel and ingenious, unconventional, concise and concise; gathering the full text, suggesting the keynote; not rushing things, intriguing. Dickinson: It’s just as important to leave something you didn’t say at the end. Formally there is a summary end, a call end, a lyric ending, a warning end, and an echo end.

7. Modification of the speech: correcting the viewpoint; adding and deleting materials; adjusting the structure; changing the method; modifying the language.

Part 3: How to write a speech

Overview of the first section of the speech

The speech of Fan Wen is also called a speech. It is a speech delivered at a more grand ceremony and in some public places.

The speech model is a style often used by people in their work and social life. It can be used to exchange ideas, feelings, expressions and opinions; it can also be used to introduce one's own learning, work and experience...etc. The speech has the functions of propaganda, agitation, education and appreciation, and it can bring the speaker The opinions, opinions and thoughts and feelings are conveyed to the audience and the readers, convincing them and resonating with their thoughts and feelings.

There are big differences between speeches and performances and compositions. First of all, the speech is a kind of social activity in which the speaker directly pays attention to a certain meaningful thing or problem that people generally pay attention to through the oral language. Secondly, the composition is the unilateral output of the author to the reader through the article. Information, the speech is the speaker exchanges information with the audience on the spot. Strictly speaking, the speech is the triangular information exchange between the speaker and the audience, the audience and the audience. The speaker cannot satisfy his thoughts, emotions and emotions. He must be able to control the emotions of himself and the listeners, listeners and listeners. communicate with. Therefore, the manuscript prepared for the speech has the following three characteristics:

First, targeted. A speech is a social activity and a form of propaganda for public use. In order to imitate the audience with thoughts, feelings, examples and theories, to impress the audience and to "conquer" the people, we must have realistic pertinence. The so-called pertinence, first of all, is the question raised by the author, which is the concern of the audience. The commentary and the argument must have an eloquent logical force. It must be accepted and convinced by the audience, so that it can have the social effect it deserves. Secondly, It is necessary to understand that the audience has different objects and different levels, and there are different types of "public places", such as party gatherings, professional meetings, service clubs, schools, social groups, religious groups, various competition occasions, Design different presentations for the audience based on different occasions and different objects.

Second, can talk about sex. The essence of the speech lies in "speaking" rather than "acting". It is mainly based on "speaking" and supplemented by "playing". Since the speech should be verbally accepted, the draft must be based on the premise of being easy to say. If some articles and works are mainly read and appreciated, and the meaning and affection are appreciated, then the requirements of the speech are “speaking in the ear”. A good speech should be talked to the speaker; it should be good for the audience. Therefore, after the speech is written, the author should be able to check it by trial or meditation. Anything that is not pleasing or unclear should be revised and adjusted.

Third, agitation. public speaking is an art. A good speech has its own agitation that inspires the audience's emotions and wins a good impression. To do this, we must first rely on the rich and profound content of the speech, the insights, the uniqueness, the thought-provoking, the language expression to be vivid, vivid and infectious. If the speech is written in a dull and uninteresting manner, even if you play it on the spot, the effect will not be good, or even the opposite.

Section 2 Structure of Integrity Speeches

From the internal structure, the speech needs to form or create the emotional atmosphere of the scene, and the content should be more concentrated. Usually, an honest speech can only talk about two or three questions at most, and these two questions are still very close. The grounds are logically connected in series, and they are unfolded in a layer-by-layer manner. At this time, the most taboo is the plane list: A, B, D, 1234, abcd, especially the taboo is the first bright argument, followed by examples. This can only stop the audience from thinking and even drowsy. The scattered arguments and passive examples are tantamount to the lullaby.” And “in the speech contest, it is especially necessary to concentrate on the argument because the time limit is greater.” The structure of the manuscript is divided into three parts: the head, the main body and the ending. The structural principle is roughly the same as the structural principle of the general article. However, because the speech is a time and space activity, the structure of the speech has its own characteristics, especially its beginning and end have special requirements.

First, to catch the audience at the beginning, fascinating

The opening techniques are mainly:

1, wedges. Use a few sincere words to establish personal relationships with the audience and gain the goodwill and trust of the audience;

2, convergence. Directly reflect a situation, or a problem to be discussed, often use a small matter, a metaphor, personal experience, anecdotal rumors, unexpected questions, and link the main speech content;

3. Inspire. Some questions that motivate the audience can be raised to focus the audience's attention on the speech;

4, touch the title. Tell the audience what they are going to say at the beginning. The speeches of many famous politicians, writers and national leaders in the world are like this.

There are a variety of methods at the beginning of the speech, and the main ones are:

1. Open the door and remind the subject. This kind of opening is a beginning, and it will enter the topic and directly remind the center of the speech. For example, Song Qingling's "Speech at the University of Victoria's Honorary Doctor of Laws in Canada" begins with "I am honored to receive an honorary doctorate in law from the University of Victoria, Canada." Using this method, we must first clearly grasp the center of the speech. The arguments to be presented to the audience should be put out so that the audience can know what the center of the speech is when they hear it, and the attention is immediately concentrated.

2. Introduce the situation and explain the root cause. This kind of opening can quickly shorten the distance from the audience, making the audience eager to understand the following. For example, Engels’s speech at the Tomb of Jenny Marx, published on December 5, 1881, said: "The noble woman we are now buried in was born in Salzwedel in 1814. Her father von The Baron Westervale was very close to the Marx family in the city of Trier; the children of the two families grew up together. When Marx entered the university, he and his future wife knew that their lives would be connected forever. Together, this is the beginning of the necessary introductions and explanations of what happened and the objects of the characters, paving the way for further explanations to the audience.

3. Ask questions and get attention. This method is based on the characteristics of the audience and the content of the speech, and puts forward some questions that stimulate the audience to think, in order to attract the attention of the audience. For example, Frederick Douglas’s "Condemnation of Slavery" at the National Day Conference held in Rochester, New York, on July 4, 1854, can lead to positive thinking of the audience and bring people Go to an angry and deep situation: "Citizens, please forgive me, why did you invite me to speak here today? I, or the slaves I represent, what do you have to do with your National Day?" The principles of political freedom and equality of birth as stated in the Declaration are also on our heads. Therefore, I want to offer our humble tributes to the altar of the country, acknowledging the grace we have received and brought to us for your independence. Express your sincere gratitude?” In addition to the above three methods, there are also explanations, suspense, police, humor, pun, lyrics and so on.

Second, the main body should be interlocked and layered

This is the main part of the speech. In the process of writing, we must deal with several issues such as level, rhythm and convergence.

The level of hierarchy is the order of presentation of the thought content of the speech. It embodies the steps of the speaker's thinking and also reflects the speaker's understanding of the objective things. The level of the structure of the speech is based on the space-time characteristics of the speech. Formed by combination. Since the speech is directly facing the audience's activities, the structural level of the speech is that the audience cannot grasp it by visual, and the listening level is limited by the time of the speech.

Then, how can we make the structure of the speech structure clear and clear? According to the characteristics of the audience's grasp of the level of the auditory level, the basic method of displaying the structure level of the speech draft is to establish a clear voiced language mark in the speech, so as to timely appeal to the situation. Hearing, and thus achieve a clear level of effect. The speaker repeatedly asks questions in the speech, and based on the questions to explain his own views, the structure can be interlocked and deepened. In addition, the use of transitional sentences in speeches or the use of words such as “first”, “second” and “then” to distinguish levels is also an effective way to make the levels clear.

Rhythm rhythm refers to the relaxation and fluctuation of the speech content in the structural arrangement. The rhythm of the structure of the speech is mainly achieved through the transformation of the content of the speech. The transformation of the content of the speech is to insert humor, poetry, anecdote and other content appropriately in the content of a theme idea, so that the audience's attention is kept at a high level of concentration without causing excitement suppression because of high concentration. Almost no good speaker has no longer used this method. The rhythm of the structure of the speech must be both clear and modest. Tiled straightforward, dull and sluggish, will certainly make the audience nervous, and the content changes too frequently, it will also cause the audience to be distracted. Therefore, the inserted content should serve the realization of the speech intent, and the frequency of the rhythm should also be determined according to the psychological characteristics of the audience.

Cohesion is the connection of the various levels of content in the speech, so that it has a sense of unity. Since the rhythm of the speech needs to change the content of the speech in a timely manner, it is easy to make the structure of the speech appear fragmented. Cohesion is a kind of compensation for the tight structure and sparseness of the structure. It makes the transformation of various content levels more subtle and natural, which makes the speech rich in the overall sense and contributes to the deepening of the theme of the speech. The method of articulating the structure of the speech model is mainly to use the transitional sections or transitional sentences that are related to the two paragraphs and the two levels.

Third, the end should be simple and powerful, and the residual sound is around the beam. The end is the natural end of the speech. The conciseness of the words, the end of the reverberations of the beam can excite the audience and encourage the audience to constantly think and recollect; while the loose, boring and boring end can only make the audience bored and forgotten as the situation moves. How can the audience be impressed? American writer John Wolf said: "The speech is best to be decisive when the audience is interested in the climax, and it will stop when it is not finished." This is the most effective end of the speech. method. When the speech is at its climax, the audience's cerebral cortex is highly excited, and attention and emotion are optimally achieved. If the speech is suddenly closed in this state, the final impression remaining in the listener's brain is particularly profound. There is no fixed format at the end of the speech, or a concise summary of the main points of the speech, or a call-to-action, agitation, or end with poetry and humorous words. But the general principle is to impress the audience.

[Boutique] How to write a speech

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