Project research report

I. Structure and writing method of the topic report

There are general requirements for writing a project report. However, different types of project reports show different styles and characteristics due to their different structures. Researchers writing a project report must first grasp the characteristics of each type of report.
The educational technology research report is a written material that has been analyzed and analyzed for a certain educational phenomenon. Generally consists of topics, introductions, texts, discussions or suggestions, conclusions and other parts.

The educational technology research report is a written material that reflects the whole process of educational experiment research and its results objectively and comprehensively after the educational experiment. It is generally composed of topics, introductions, experimental methods, experimental results, conclusions, analysis and discussion, references and appendices.

The summary report of educational experience is a systematic and theoretical written material of the experience accumulated in the practice of education and teaching through the active exploration of roughing and retreating. It consists of topics, introductions, texts, and endings.
It can be seen that the writing form of the subject report is not the same, but it can be reduced to the basic pattern of the three-stage preface, body text and conclusion. A complete education report. In addition to the above several components, there should be two parts of the signature and reference materials. Its purpose is to indicate responsibility for the report and to indicate ownership of the report. Appendices and reference materials are some important materials that must be explained to the reader. References refer to references and references to other people's materials and expositions in the project report. The source, author, title of the document, title or title, volume, page number, publication Institution and publication time.
Second, the basic requirements for writing a project report
1. Introduction The introduction is the opening remark of the project report. The introductory part must explain the reason and importance of the research work on this subject; what is the problem of the research progress of the predecessors in this respect; the purpose of this study, what method is adopted, what problems are planned to solve, and there are academics. What is the meaning and so on. The requirements are concise and straightforward. It should be pointed out that some people arbitrarily negate the work of the predecessors in the article, or easily assert that the problem has not been studied by the predecessors, and it is a historical blank. This is not appropriate. How to start as well should be determined based on the content of the report, the writing style of each person and other factors. But we must pay attention to prevent all-round, no boundaries, the text is not correct; or one step to the sky, the words are all right, leaving no room for problems.
2. The body of the text is the subject of the report, accounting for the vast majority of the report; it is a key part of the report, reflecting the quality and level of the report. Therefore, we must pay attention to the writing of the body part. The contents of the various types of subject reports are different in the main body. However, in order to write the body part, we must master the sufficient materials, then analyze, synthesize, and organize the materials. After the logical process of concept, judgment, and reasoning, we finally come up with the correct viewpoint. And taking the viewpoint as the axis, through the full text, using materials to explain the point of view. To achieve the unity of materials and ideas, this is the basic requirement. For beginners. There are often two kinds of problems: one is limited to expressing their own arguments, and lacks scientific arguments; only arguments, no materials, and lack of persuasiveness. Another problem is that a large number of materials are listed, which are straightforward and can't see what the main argument is. The reason for the above problems lies in the fact that there is no conclusive argument to explain the argument and to unify the arguments and arguments. In order to express research results scientifically, accurately and vividly, to improve persuasiveness and credibility, unnecessary narratives should be reduced, and graphs, tables and photographs should be used to reflect data and key plots. Of course, the selected maps, tables, and photos should also be less precise and accurate.

3. Conclusion The conclusion of the project report is the overall argument formed by the author after repeated research. It is the fate of the whole report. Conclusion It must be pointed out which problems have been resolved and what remains to be studied. Some reports may not write conclusions, but should be a simple summary or a discussion of the results; some reports may make a number of recommendations; some reports do not specifically write a conclusive text, but spread the arguments to the whole The various parts of the article. Regardless of the type of scientific research report. All must sum up the full text, deepen the theme, and reveal the law. Rather than a simple repetition of the content of the text, it is not a matter of experience, shouting a few slogans. The conclusion must be very cautious, the words are rigorous, the logic is rigorous, the text is concise and specific, and it cannot be ambiguous and vague.
three. Several issues that should be noted when writing a project report

1. The focus should be on introducing research methods and research results. The value of the subject report is based on the scientific and reliable nature of the method, and the two are intrinsically linked, because only if the research method is scientific, can the research result be reliable. People read or review the report of the subject, the main concern is how to carry out the research, what problems are found in the research, and how to solve these problems is not solved. To what extent does the research result reach at this stage, and what problems need to be solved. Therefore, in the report of the subject, the main focus should be on the methods and results, and the research methods should be clearly explained, making people feel that the research is impeccable in terms of methods, and thus have to admit the reliability of the results.

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2. The interpretation of the theoretical point of view should be combined with the material. How to make a strong argument for your own opinions in the project report is an important issue that should be concerned. In addition to relying on the power of logic, the confirmation of arguments needs to rely on the support of scientific facts to achieve the combination of arguments and facts. The report must have specific materials, respect the facts, and list the points from the facts. First of all, in the process of discussion, we must deal with the relationship between arguments and facts, and ask researchers to choose the facts first.
In addition to paying attention to the typicality and scientific nature of facts, we must also be good at using both positive and negative facts to explain problems and reveal universal laws. The second is to properly configure the facts, using factual arguments, mainly to help people understand unfamiliar arguments.
3. Analyze and discuss, seek truth from facts, do not exaggerate, do not shrink. Pay attention to the premise and conditions when you draw conclusions. Don't be absolute, don't use partiality, and describe local experience as universal law.

Example: "Study on Life Composition of Primary School Students" Report

Our school is a rural center and a state-of-the-art school. In March 1996, our school's "Study on Life Composition of Primary School Students" under the guidance of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory was listed as the "Study on Education in Suzhou". "After several years of practice and research, we have achieved certain results. On the basis of summarizing the research results, we present the following report.

First, the background of the topic.

The theory of life education provides a theoretical reference and a broad research field for the study of life composition. Tao Xingzhi is one of the greatest educators in China. The theory of life education is the essence of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought. "Life is education", "society is school", "teaching is one" is the three major theories of life education. content. The composition activity itself is part of the content of life, and in the future era of knowledge economy, it will become one of the important basic skills of life. The content of composition is the content of life. Composition teaching can become an integral part of life education. Composition is the life, the space of life is large, and the field of composition is wide. The study of life composition is the education of Tao Xingzhi in the field of composition teaching. Inheritance and development of ideas.

Writing theory provides a powerful theoretical evidence for the study of life composition. Writing theory tells us that composition is the reproduction, reflection and creation of life. The content of students' life is the basis of students' composition. Without rich life, there is no rich composition. Only by studying, understanding, enriching and guiding students' lives, and improving students' ability to live, can teachers master the ability to reflect life and reflect the colorful colors of life.

Life composition is a good way to stimulate students' motivation to write. According to the principle of activity psychology, children's motivation for writing is the internal motivation that directly promotes students' writing. Writing must motivate students. The essential feature of language is that it is a communicative tool of society. The theory of life education points out that the term student is the way to learn life and learn life. Learning to live and learn to communicate is the necessity and necessity of human development. Life composition is a composition in life, which can stimulate students' writing motivation, let them write, want to write, and move from motivation to purpose.
Second, the theoretical assumptions of the study.

The conceptual assumption of life composition. The so-called "life composition" refers to teachers through research and practice, creating conditions to enrich students' lives, allowing students to learn to write in their learning life, and to improve students' ability to understand life, express life, thoughts and emotions.
The focus of life composition research is to find a good way to communicate life and writing, that is, not a general life guidance, nor a general study of writing forms, but writing a text in life middle school to guide students to write essays reflecting life. And learn to be a man in the composition.

Third, the goal of the study.

Two-way coordination goal hypothesis of life composition research. The study of life composition establishes the goal of the harmony between man and composition. The so-called "two-way" refers to the goal of being a person and the goal of essay, the goal of writing and the goal of writing are unified, and the life goals of students in each grade are put forward. Writing goals, in order to achieve the simultaneous development of life and writing, coordinated development, and ultimately to achieve the goal of life education theory to seek real people.
In the research, we should summarize the basic rules of life composition teaching and improve the teaching ability of teachers' composition, so as to improve students' writing ability and ability to understand life, and make the school become a characteristic teaching school.
Fourth, the main strategies and principles of research.

1. Committed to the application and development of life education theory. Tao Xingzhi's life education theory is profound and profound. Our preferred strategy is to improve the consciousness of education and teaching by learning Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts. Really learn Tao, get the truth, and carry out life composition research and practice under the guidance of life education theory. The research practice of composition enriches the content of life education theory. The practice under the guidance of correct educational thoughts is an in-depth practice. Life composition practice without the guidance of life education theory is hard to be effective and superficial.

2. Focus on the overall harmonious development of people. The ultimate goal of education should be human development. We must conduct life composition research from the height of human development. Writing ability itself is an integral part of life education content and one of the contents of human life form. We focus on the overall development of people, and we have a good relationship between Yude and Yuwen. We have especially strengthened the moral education of schools, promoted intellectual education with moral education, educated people with literacy, and educated people with essays to promote overall harmony. development of.

3. Pursue the unity of commonality and individuality. The unity of commonality and individuality is achieved from both the teacher and the student level. All the teachers work together to make efforts to complete the life composition research work, and also to maintain the research personality according to their own conditions, to find a model that can play their own strength and can reflect the commonality of school composition teaching. The teachers of the research group carried out the "Study on the extracurricular reading life of primary school students", "the study of strengthening the combination of "points" and "faces" before the work", "Research and Practice of the Emotional Education in the Correction of Composition", "Encouraging, Targeting" The application of the principle of sexuality and subjectivity in the revision of composition, the use of comprehensive evaluation methods to improve the level of writing modification, the application of the principle of migration, and the improvement of the ability to modify, the study of self-evaluation and appreciation of the composition of appreciative essays, Sub-topic research on the individualized guidance of primary school students' life composition, the study of the combination of team activities and life composition, and the research on the creation of life composition context. From the student's level, it is necessary to strengthen the students' composition basis, but also to realize the personality development in writing, so as to achieve "guarantee the bottom is not capped."


4. The overall harmonious development of language literacy. The reform of composition teaching cannot leave the overall reform of Chinese teaching. The ability of writing is a comprehensive expression of students' language ability. In the study of life composition, we combine with the overall reform of Chinese teaching, especially with reading teaching.

5. Carry out exploration of the rules of composition teaching. Pay attention to the exploration of law, gain experience from practice, study law from experience, law is science, and find the rules and methods to improve the quality of composition teaching. In the exploration of the rules of composition teaching, pay attention to inheriting tradition, drawing on others and innovation, drawing on the essence of traditional composition teaching, conscientiously summarizing the experience of life composition teaching, learning to reflect in exploration, learning to reflect on teaching phenomena from the perspective of life education theory, and creating conformity The actual teaching experience of the school. In particular, it has strengthened the study of the basic laws of life composition, the discussion of issues related to composition teaching and basic issues, and the study of the basic process of composition teaching.
Fifth, the main measures and experience.

When we conduct life composition research, the first thing to clarify is the relationship between life and composition, that is, composition is to be a person, teaching is to teach, life and composition are unified, and life composition is rich in life education.

The basic practice of life composition is to enable students to improve their writing skills in understanding life and improve their ability to understand life by improving their writing skills.
Life composition advocates: life has love and love - guide students to love life; good life from the middle of the text - to guide students to understand life; to paint the Spring and Autumn with a wonderful pen - to guide students to express their feelings.

1. Take a life composition in the system of transformation of the entire educational concept to observe.
The concept of education is the rational support of education work. We strengthen the renewal of educational concepts in the study of life composition, and carry out life composition research on the basis of updating the whole educational concept.
In the concept transformation work, we carried out gradual and in-depth work. After the project was established, we set up a research group and constantly adjusted the members according to the actual situation. We have also set up a school Tao Xingzhi Education Thought Research Association, which will conduct a monthly study and compile a "Selected Works of the Teacher's Pottery". Each semester will be printed and published in the first issue of the magazine "Seeking Truth" to participate in the second and third national Young and middle-aged students learn the backbone training. Every semester, we will study and lecture on educational theory for all Chinese teachers and all teachers. The weekly newspaper "He Shanshi", which edits the educational information of the Internet, establishes a group of teaching centers, regularly learns, expands the horizons of teachers, unites teachers with the power of scientific research, and leads the concept.

Learn Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts and carry out Deng Shitao activities. In particular, the activities of learning Tao Xingzhiyuan, truly understand the true meaning of Tao Xingzhi's educational thoughts, and combine Deng Shitao with the study of modern educational theories. Establish a correct view of students, effectively establish the thinking of students as the main body, liberate students' minds, hands, mouths, space, time, promote a student-centered concept of education, and change knowledge-centered teaching to a student-centered teaching. Fully understand the killing of human nature in exam-oriented education, and improve the consciousness of quality education from the height of liberating people. Through learning, all teachers gradually learn to stand at the commanding heights of educational thoughts to analyze problems, do not do "teachers" who do not reflect on education, learn to absorb, learn to talk with the masters, learn to stand up on the shoulders of the masters.

If the study of life composition teaching is not supported by the update of these educational ideas, it will not be effective and it will be in the form. Therefore, we first put the study of life composition into the update of the whole educational concept to observe.

2. Put the composition of life into the height of educating people to practice.
From the perspective of educating people, we should not lower the high standards of cultivating people to the level of general knowledge transfer. We insist on the unity of life and composition, the unity of composition and life, and life education through composition. At the same time, we carried out the study of life composition, and we carried out the moral education practice of “Practical Life Education Theory, Building Strong Personality Great Wall”, and proposed the goal of cultivating four qualities of two qualities, two qualities, strengthening school moral education and strengthening class building. Pay attention to behavioral norms education, strengthen community education, strengthen the guidance of parent education, carry out traditional virtue education, model education, national history and local history education, and put forward the ideal of building a strong personality in modern life, and lay a solid foundation in morality. Consolidating the basis of composition in the process: rich and colorful moral education work improves students' ability to understand life, knows how to carry forward truth, goodness and beauty, and lays an epistemological foundation for composition teaching. “Life has love and love”, and moral education enriches students’ life content, which enriches students’ writing themes. While carrying out a large number of moral education activities, the essay ability itself has been improved. Teachers have combined the moral education work with the students' writing process, and the writing ability has been improved.

3. Put life composition into practice in the context of the overall reform of Chinese teaching.
In particular, research on reading teaching and extracurricular reading life has been strengthened. Reading and writing are the opposite and complementary processes of input and output. Without a lot of reading-based composition teaching, there is no vitality. It is not thorough. From the perspective of life composition, we think that extracurricular reading focuses on reading literature. The taste of life, learning the understanding and expression of others in life. The reading teaching class emphasizes laying the foundation and providing methods for extracurricular reading. More importantly, it opens a window of interest for students. Classroom teaching opens the window of knowledge for students, and more beautiful landscapes are for students to appreciate and appreciate. In reading teaching, we have strengthened the study of literacy and linguistic accumulation. In the extracurricular reading, we carried out the "study of students' extracurricular reading life", optimized the whole language teaching reform, life composition as an important part of the language teaching reform, is an important part of the students' language literacy, not alone. Independent of other aspects of the language building.

4. Strengthen the research on the composition teaching process.
The rules and principles of life composition.

Life composition teaching research believes that life and composition can constitute a life-writing-life cycle. That is, from life to composition, back to life and then to life, in this process, the quality of life will be improved by the improvement of students' understanding of life, and the ability to write will be improved by the ability to express life. Life composition can optimize this cycle, thus creating the two-way goal of life and composition, and promoting the overall harmonious development of people.
At the level of composition training, the basic method we use is life composition - training composition - the alternating way of life composition, training composition by the teacher to provide some composition materials, training in expression level, so that students have a solid writing method, Then move to the expression of real life, the ultimate goal is the truth of life, in order to achieve this "truth", take the "fake" in training, and finally achieve the students can express their "truth" in their own language, higher True, true – false – true, is also a cyclical process that promotes the development of life composition to a higher level.

The following principles must be followed in the life composition teaching process:
1
The principle of life. This is the embodiment of the composition of life composition teaching. The composition comes from life, the composition teaching should come from life, the composition teaching process should reflect the principle of life, which is conducive to improving students' ability to understand life and express life, and improve students' quality of life.

2
The principle of subjectivity. The principle of subjectivity should also run through the whole process of composition teaching. Tao Xingzhi believes that students are the masters of life and, of course, the masters of learning. The life composition emphasizes that the student is the master of the composition. In the composition guidance, commentary, and correction, the students are the masters.

3
Developmental principles. Life is moving forward and composition is moving forward. Development is one of the principles of life composition. The composition teaching process should promote the development of students' writing ability and the development of living ability.
4
The principle of harmony. Life composition emphasizes the overall development of students, with particular emphasis on the harmonious development of students' cognitive ability and expression ability. Life composition is also the unity of students' perception and expression of life.
Life composition guidance class research.
Pre-job guidance is an important guarantee for the success of students' work. It is the forefront of composition teaching. Teachers should fully mobilize students' life accumulation and language storage to complete their knowledge, thoughts, and
The output of emotions and other information. The first guidance is to express the basic skills in a solid way, that is, to "paint the Spring and Autumn with a wonderful pen", improve the writing skills with solid training, and secondly, to open the students' thinking, mobilize the accumulation of life, and reduce the "fake" factors of training composition. To stimulate the engine, increase interest, and promote a virtuous cycle of life composition.

Under the concept of life composition, the pre-construction course of our school formed a good situation in which a variety of classes coexisted. The following are summarized:
1 Migration. That is to use the theory of migration, solid composition training.
This type of course basically consists of three steps:
A. Grasp the unit training points, review the typical texts, and move from the text to the current work;
B. Grasp the training focus, use the example of the water, and study the language and characters;

C. Students will transfer the characteristics of the language and characters they have learned in the texts, and they can easily learn from imitation, and they are not afraid of the teacher's designated subject matter, which is conducive to the development of ideas.
2 Expanded. That is to follow the process of writing composition from fuzzy whole to partial refinement to complete whole, and gradually expand the student's life.
A, instruct students to write a synopsis of the article;
B. Instruct students to develop face to face, carry out life memories and specific narratives;
C. Instruct students to optimize the overall structure of the article.
3 Guided one.
A, guide life, accumulate materials;
B. Reproduce life and choose the theme;
C, the paradigm of the text, the wording migration;
D. Recognize life and expand the theme;
E, reflecting life, expressions.
4 Guided two:
A. Introduce the stage and open the window of life memory.
Use examples such as thinking, asking for memory and other means.
B. Expression stage, refining the ability to express life.
- Say something, try to practice;
——Discussing the discussion and learning from each other;
- Comment on the review and make comments;
——Change and reform, practice and gain.
C. In the deepening stage, raise awareness in the light of understatement.
5 Activity: Combine life composition with team activities. There are two processes:
A. Writing training based on activities;
B. Life composition as a preliminary preparation for the activity.
6 Microcomputer essay attempts.
The advantage of computer composition is not only the speed of student input, but the most important thing is to strengthen the multi-directional real-time communication between teachers and students in the process of composition teaching.
A. The teaching content and requirements of the teacher can be presented to each student machine;
B. A student's composition can be presented to each student machine;
C. Teachers can read the writing situation of any student at any time.
Research on the method of correcting the composition of life.

In the composition of life composition, we changed the correction of the teacher's wishful thinking work, insisting that "student is the master of composition criticism." The core research reforms and correction methods have effectively improved the effectiveness of essays and corrections, and overcome the shortcomings of "teachers are exhausted and students are indifferent."

Through research, we believe that the essay correction method must achieve three transformations:
1 The teachers changed their minds and tried to change each other.
2 Change the written centralized batch to a decentralized rotation correction.
3 Change the unified requirements to change the batch to tiered correction.
In the process of correction, we encourage students to do the following three things:
1 Encourage each student to read and correct.
2 Encourage student groups to discuss corrections.
3 Encourage students to engage in counter-criticism.
Life composition review class study.
Post-assessment is based on the essay correction. The essay commentary must reflect developmentality, and develop students' understanding and ability to express life through commenting.
We require that each post-review can achieve two goals: one is to solve a common problem in this essay, and the other is to improve the ability of students to self-reform their composition.
In the design of the composition review lecture, there are generally three steps:
1 Teacher demonstration and reform.
2 Collective attempts to evaluate.
3 Everyone makes a review.
In the design of specific courses, the forms and means are also very diverse. Some teachers use audio-visual methods and teaching aids to modify and cultivate a variety of abilities. Commonly used evaluation methods are:
1 Self-assessment.
2 Contrast comment. Can adopt positive and negative ratios, front and back contrast, positive contrast and other methods.
3 Self-modification.
4 Write an experience.
In practice, composition guidance and composition commentary have mutual reference in classroom teaching. Guide courses often have comment time, and lectures also have guidance links. Composition correction is the identification of the success or failure of composition guidance. The commentary provides the basis, and the three are interdependent.
Life composition activities research.
Life composition teaching emphasizes the creation of a living atmosphere for students' writing.
Composition activity is the supplement and promotion of composition classroom teaching. It is an important part of composition teaching and plays an important role in improving students' writing interest. We continue to strengthen the creation of the composition atmosphere in the practice of life composition:

1
Produced a half-monthly magazine "Scorpion" of life composition. Since its inception, "Xunzi" has been responsible for editing and publishing a large number of students' excellent works, with large capacity, short cycle and strong encouragement. Each period of organizing students' reading directly promotes the improvement of students' writing enthusiasm, and also enhances the sense of achievement of teachers' composition teaching.
2
Strengthen publicity efforts. The school broadcasts the students' excellent work every week through the red scarf broadcasting station, announces the student's work through the publicity window, launches the student writing specialty students through the "Xunzi", and increases the propaganda of the students' writing.
3
Conduct essay activities. All schools have important moral education activities, and all relevant essay activities are carried out; for major commemorative activities, speech contests are held. The school also set up a small reporter group at the school level, a writing interest group at the grade level, and invited writers and editors to come to the school for guidance.
Sixth, research results.

1. Preliminary theoretical achievements have been made, and relevant factors affecting composition teaching have been carefully explored, and some basic theoretical issues of life composition have been obtained, and the work of the school's teacher Taoxue and teaching reform has been deepened. The teacher completed a batch of essay teaching research papers, and some research articles were published and won awards at the provincial and municipal levels.

2. It has achieved good practical results, and the teaching composition of teachers has been significantly improved. The school has compiled a set of "Pre-teaching Teaching Cases". The students' writing ability and life understanding level have improved. Since the research of the subject, the number of works published by students in various newspapers and periodicals has increased. More than 130 articles have been published. The school compiled a book called "Poetic Childhood."

3. The overall effect has been achieved. Due to the integrity of life composition research, the overall work of the school has a good momentum of development. The school's moral education has won the first prize of the city's moral education for two consecutive years, and the school's comprehensive assessment has won the city's first prize for two consecutive years.
Project leader: .xxx
Report author: xxx
Members of the group: xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxx