Experimental Report on Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field
Experimental Report on Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field
I. Introduction
The existing principle of manufacturing batteries and batteries is an electrochemical reaction. The electrodes are composed of different kinds of elements and different kinds of compounds, and the generation of current does not require the participation of a magnetic field.
At present, there are iron-nickel batteries with magnetic materials as electrodes, but there is no external magnetic field involved in the discharge of iron-nickel batteries.
It has been proved by several experiments that an electrochemical reaction can occur in a magnetic field. This experimental report is to study the electrochemical reaction occurring in the magnetic field, the electrode is the same element, the same compound.
"Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" is different from fuel cell and magnetic fluid power generation.
Second, experimental methods and observations
1. Equipment and materials used
: One rectangular plastic container. It is about 100 mm long, 40 mm wide and 50 mm high.
: A piece of magnet with a cotton thread on it. The cotton thread is used as a nail hanging on the wall. There are also two ferrite magnets Φ30*23 mm, two rare earth magnets Φ12*5 mm, and a rare earth magnet Φ18*5 mm.
: A plastic bottle with ferrous sulfate inside, analytically pure.
: Two pieces of iron. Used canned iron, 110 mm long and 20 mm wide. The surface is treated with sandpaper.
2, ammeter, 0 to 200 microamps.
With the micro-ampere meter, since the pointer can be moved to the left and right, adjust the pointer to the right direction with the 0 screw on the meter head. That is, the pointer is 0 at the position of 50 microamps before power-on, or is not adjusted.
3, \"Electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field\" The device is a DC power supply. In this experiment, because the ammeter is used, the deflection direction of the general ammeter pointer is designed according to the current flow direction. Therefore, this demonstration is about the direction of current flow. The current is caused by the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field". The positive electrode of the device flows to the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field". The negative electrode of the device can be judged by the deflection direction of the ammeter pointer. The "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" is the positive and negative electrodes of the device.
4, holding the magnet, close to the plastic bottle, obviously attractive, this is because the plastic bottle contains ferrous sulfate, indicating that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
5. Pour the ferrous sulfate in the plastic bottle on the paper, crush the ferrous sulfate crystal, and use the magnet to close the ferrous sulfate. At this time, a part of the ferrous sulfate is attracted to the magnet, further indicating that the ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance. .
6. Hang the magnet on the wall with a cotton thread and let the magnet hang vertically. Move the plastic bottle with ferrous sulfate to the magnet. When the suspended magnet is not touched, you can see that the suspended magnet has started to move. It is further explained that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
7. Through steps 4, 5, and 6, we have the consensus that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
8. Pour the appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate in the plastic bottle into the beaker and add distilled water to dissolve the ferrous sulfate. A saturated solution of ferrous sulfate can be used and then poured into a rectangular plastic container. The experiment used a saturated ferrous sulfate solution. The liquid level in the rectangular container is 40 mm.
9. Place the iron pieces in the ends of the ferrous sulfate solution in the plastic container, but leave most of them on the solution to measure the current with an ammeter. Since the two electrodes are of the same kind of metal iron, no current is generated.
10. Then, on the outside of the plastic container, place the ferrite magnet in the vicinity of a piece of iron, and let the piece of iron be in the magnetic yoke. Using an ammeter to measure the current between the two pieces of iron, you can see the generation of current. The current intensity was measured to be 70 μA. Why does the same metal act as an electrode in an acid, alkali, or salt solution? How is the potential difference formed? I look at this problem like this: Since a piece of iron is in the magnetic yoke, the piece of iron becomes a magnet, so the surface of the piece of iron attracts a large amount of positively charged iron ions, while on the other piece The number of positively charged iron ions on the surface of the iron piece is less than the number of positively charged iron ions in the iron piece in the magnetic yoke, and there is a potential difference between the two pieces of iron, when the wire is turned on The current flows from the end of the iron ion to the end where the iron ion is small, so that current is generated. This problem can be seen by the chemical oxidation-reduction reaction law. The surface of the iron piece at the end of the magnetic pole is concentrated on the surface due to a large amount of positively charged iron ions, and the number of positively charged iron ions on the surface of the iron piece not at the end of the magnetic pole is not in the magnetic field. There are many ends in the crucible. When the circuit is turned on, the iron ions on the surface of the iron sheet at the end of the magnetic field are converted into iron atoms and precipitated on the surface of the iron sheet, and the iron piece not at the end of the magnetic pole is lost. The electrons become iron ions into the ferrous sulfate solution. Because the external ammeter shows that there is current flow, it can be proved that there is electron transfer, and the electron flow direction is from the negative pole of the power supply to the positive pole of the power supply. After the iron atom on the negative iron piece loses electrons, it becomes iron ions and enters. In ferrous sulfate solution. The figure below is shown.
11. Determine the positive and negative poles of the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" and confirm that the positive electrode is at the end of the magnet. This is determined by the direction in which the ammeter pointer moves.
12. Experiment to change the direction of movement of the ammeter pointer. Move the ferrite magnet experiment and remove the magnet in step 10 from one piece and then place it near the other piece of iron. There is also a current generated. Note the position of the positive electrode at this time. A change has occurred and the direction of movement of the pointer of the ammeter has changed.
If a rare earth magnet is used, since the current intensity generated is large, it is not necessary to adjust the current meter to 50 mA. The meter is moved by changing the wiring.
Changing the position of the magnet: If the magnet is directly attracted to the portion of the sheet electrode that is not immersed in the liquid to change the position of the magnet, the sheet electrode is not demagnetized.
The position of the magnet shown in the figure below changes and the direction of deflection of the ammeter pointer changes. Prove that the direction of current flow changes, "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" is established. The direction of current flow indicates the positive position of the magnet at the electrode.
Third, the discussion of experimental results
The current generated by this demonstration experiment is negligible. I think the focus of this demonstration is not on the intensity of the current generated, but the point is to demonstrate that the direction of the current flow changes with the position of the magnet, which means that the direction changes. The positive pole of this power supply is at the pole of the power supply with the magnet and the positive pole at the pole of the magnet. Therefore, it can be proved that "the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" is established, and this electrochemical reaction is a reversible electrochemical reaction which occurs as the position of the magnet changes. Please pay special attention to the word "reversible", which is the focus of this physical phenomenon.
It is confirmed by the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field that the law of the galvanic cell is not applicable in a constant magnetic field.
It is confirmed by the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field that the law of Lorentz force in physics should be corrected, and the Lorentz force is attractive to the magnetic motion charge, not the deflection force. And Lorentz force to do work.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the generated current is related to the magnetic field, and the direction in which the current flows is related to the position of the magnet. The two poles of the electrode are the same kind of metal. When the negative electrode is consumed, it is added to the positive electrode. Since the two electrodes are the same metal, the electrode is not consumed as a whole. This is the difference from the previous battery. Moreover, the positive and negative electrodes can be changed as the position of the magnet changes, which is also different from the conventional battery.
The positive and negative electrodes of the "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" power supply can be recycled.
The calculation formula used for the amount of electric energy generated should be Faraday's law of electrolysis. The first law of Faraday's electrolysis states that during the electrolysis process, the mass of the product precipitated on the electrode is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the electrolysis. The second law of Faraday electrolysis It is pointed out that the amount of product precipitated on each electrode is proportional to the equivalent of each substance. A Faraday constant of 1 gram equivalent of any substance produces a power of 96,493 coulombs. The work consumed by moving the magnet or moving the electrode should be equal to the force used to move the magnet or move the electrode multiplied by the distance of the moving or moving electrode.
Fourth, the direction of further experiments
1. How much current is generated under the large area of iron? The specific figures are subject to further experiments. From the current experiment, the current intensity generated by the iron sheet area and the magnetic field strength is large. If the iron piece is immersed in the ferrous sulfate solution at 20 mm, the current intensity is greater than when immersed in 10 mm.
2. The generation of current is related to the magnetic field, and further quantitative experiments and further theoretical analysis are required. If the rare earth magnet has a higher current intensity than the ferrite magnet, in the experiment, the maximum current intensity is 200 microamperes. Can exceed 200 microamps, due to the limited current meter, did not let the experimental current exceed 200 microamps.
3. The graph AT of the generated current value as a function of time is also drawn through further experiments.
4. What is the concentration of the electrolyte and what kind of electrolyte is used? Further experiments are needed.
V. New discipline
Since "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" does not find ready-made data on books and the Internet, it can be said that it is a new discipline. Therefore, further experimental verification is needed. This article is used to inspire the jade. I hope to conduct further experiments with people of insight.
My point is that a new experiment requires different times, different people, and different locations to repeat the experiment.
references
Note 1. The contents of the alkaline iron-nickel battery are described in the book "Use and Maintenance of the Battery".
The second edition of Beijing in 1979, unified book number: 15045 total 2031 - there are 514 Hunan Provincial Post and Telecommunications Administration "Use and Maintenance of Battery", People's Posts and Telecommunications Press
Author: Office Liu WQ Chongqing Tong Junge & Co.
I. Introduction
The existing principle of manufacturing batteries and batteries is an electrochemical reaction. The electrodes are composed of different kinds of elements and different kinds of compounds, and the generation of current does not require the participation of a magnetic field.
At present, there are iron-nickel batteries with magnetic materials as electrodes, but there is no external magnetic field involved in the discharge of iron-nickel batteries.
It has been proved by several experiments that an electrochemical reaction can occur in a magnetic field. This experimental report is to study the electrochemical reaction occurring in the magnetic field, the electrode is the same element, the same compound.
"Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" is different from fuel cell and magnetic fluid power generation.
Second, experimental methods and observations
1. Equipment and materials used
: One rectangular plastic container. It is about 100 mm long, 40 mm wide and 50 mm high.
: A piece of magnet with a cotton thread on it. The cotton thread is used as a nail hanging on the wall. There are also two ferrite magnets Φ30*23 mm, two rare earth magnets Φ12*5 mm, and a rare earth magnet Φ18*5 mm.
: A plastic bottle with ferrous sulfate inside, analytically pure.
: Two pieces of iron. Used canned iron, 110 mm long and 20 mm wide. The surface is treated with sandpaper.
2, ammeter, 0 to 200 microamps.
With the micro-ampere meter, since the pointer can be moved to the left and right, adjust the pointer to the right direction with the 0 screw on the meter head. That is, the pointer is 0 at the position of 50 microamps before power-on, or is not adjusted.
3, \"Electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field\" The device is a DC power supply. In this experiment, because the ammeter is used, the deflection direction of the general ammeter pointer is designed according to the current flow direction. Therefore, this demonstration is about the direction of current flow. The current is caused by the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field". The positive electrode of the device flows to the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field". The negative electrode of the device can be judged by the deflection direction of the ammeter pointer. The "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" is the positive and negative electrodes of the device.
4, holding the magnet, close to the plastic bottle, obviously attractive, this is because the plastic bottle contains ferrous sulfate, indicating that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
5. Pour the ferrous sulfate in the plastic bottle on the paper, crush the ferrous sulfate crystal, and use the magnet to close the ferrous sulfate. At this time, a part of the ferrous sulfate is attracted to the magnet, further indicating that the ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance. .
6. Hang the magnet on the wall with a cotton thread and let the magnet hang vertically. Move the plastic bottle with ferrous sulfate to the magnet. When the suspended magnet is not touched, you can see that the suspended magnet has started to move. It is further explained that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
7. Through steps 4, 5, and 6, we have the consensus that ferrous sulfate is a ferromagnetic substance.
8. Pour the appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate in the plastic bottle into the beaker and add distilled water to dissolve the ferrous sulfate. A saturated solution of ferrous sulfate can be used and then poured into a rectangular plastic container. The experiment used a saturated ferrous sulfate solution. The liquid level in the rectangular container is 40 mm.
9. Place the iron pieces in the ends of the ferrous sulfate solution in the plastic container, but leave most of them on the solution to measure the current with an ammeter. Since the two electrodes are of the same kind of metal iron, no current is generated.
10. Then, on the outside of the plastic container, place the ferrite magnet in the vicinity of a piece of iron, and let the piece of iron be in the magnetic yoke. Using an ammeter to measure the current between the two pieces of iron, you can see the generation of current. The current intensity was measured to be 70 μA. Why does the same metal act as an electrode in an acid, alkali, or salt solution? How is the potential difference formed? I look at this problem like this: Since a piece of iron is in the magnetic yoke, the piece of iron becomes a magnet, so the surface of the piece of iron attracts a large amount of positively charged iron ions, while on the other piece The number of positively charged iron ions on the surface of the iron piece is less than the number of positively charged iron ions in the iron piece in the magnetic yoke, and there is a potential difference between the two pieces of iron, when the wire is turned on The current flows from the end of the iron ion to the end where the iron ion is small, so that current is generated. This problem can be seen by the chemical oxidation-reduction reaction law. The surface of the iron piece at the end of the magnetic pole is concentrated on the surface due to a large amount of positively charged iron ions, and the number of positively charged iron ions on the surface of the iron piece not at the end of the magnetic pole is not in the magnetic field. There are many ends in the crucible. When the circuit is turned on, the iron ions on the surface of the iron sheet at the end of the magnetic field are converted into iron atoms and precipitated on the surface of the iron sheet, and the iron piece not at the end of the magnetic pole is lost. The electrons become iron ions into the ferrous sulfate solution. Because the external ammeter shows that there is current flow, it can be proved that there is electron transfer, and the electron flow direction is from the negative pole of the power supply to the positive pole of the power supply. After the iron atom on the negative iron piece loses electrons, it becomes iron ions and enters. In ferrous sulfate solution. The figure below is shown.
11. Determine the positive and negative poles of the "electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" and confirm that the positive electrode is at the end of the magnet. This is determined by the direction in which the ammeter pointer moves.
12. Experiment to change the direction of movement of the ammeter pointer. Move the ferrite magnet experiment and remove the magnet in step 10 from one piece and then place it near the other piece of iron. There is also a current generated. Note the position of the positive electrode at this time. A change has occurred and the direction of movement of the pointer of the ammeter has changed.
If a rare earth magnet is used, since the current intensity generated is large, it is not necessary to adjust the current meter to 50 mA. The meter is moved by changing the wiring.
Changing the position of the magnet: If the magnet is directly attracted to the portion of the sheet electrode that is not immersed in the liquid to change the position of the magnet, the sheet electrode is not demagnetized.
The position of the magnet shown in the figure below changes and the direction of deflection of the ammeter pointer changes. Prove that the direction of current flow changes, "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" is established. The direction of current flow indicates the positive position of the magnet at the electrode.
Third, the discussion of experimental results
The current generated by this demonstration experiment is negligible. I think the focus of this demonstration is not on the intensity of the current generated, but the point is to demonstrate that the direction of the current flow changes with the position of the magnet, which means that the direction changes. The positive pole of this power supply is at the pole of the power supply with the magnet and the positive pole at the pole of the magnet. Therefore, it can be proved that "the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field" is established, and this electrochemical reaction is a reversible electrochemical reaction which occurs as the position of the magnet changes. Please pay special attention to the word "reversible", which is the focus of this physical phenomenon.
It is confirmed by the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field that the law of the galvanic cell is not applicable in a constant magnetic field.
It is confirmed by the electrochemical reaction in the magnetic field that the law of Lorentz force in physics should be corrected, and the Lorentz force is attractive to the magnetic motion charge, not the deflection force. And Lorentz force to do work.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the generated current is related to the magnetic field, and the direction in which the current flows is related to the position of the magnet. The two poles of the electrode are the same kind of metal. When the negative electrode is consumed, it is added to the positive electrode. Since the two electrodes are the same metal, the electrode is not consumed as a whole. This is the difference from the previous battery. Moreover, the positive and negative electrodes can be changed as the position of the magnet changes, which is also different from the conventional battery.
The positive and negative electrodes of the "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" power supply can be recycled.
The calculation formula used for the amount of electric energy generated should be Faraday's law of electrolysis. The first law of Faraday's electrolysis states that during the electrolysis process, the mass of the product precipitated on the electrode is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the electrolysis. The second law of Faraday electrolysis It is pointed out that the amount of product precipitated on each electrode is proportional to the equivalent of each substance. A Faraday constant of 1 gram equivalent of any substance produces a power of 96,493 coulombs. The work consumed by moving the magnet or moving the electrode should be equal to the force used to move the magnet or move the electrode multiplied by the distance of the moving or moving electrode.
Fourth, the direction of further experiments
1. How much current is generated under the large area of iron? The specific figures are subject to further experiments. From the current experiment, the current intensity generated by the iron sheet area and the magnetic field strength is large. If the iron piece is immersed in the ferrous sulfate solution at 20 mm, the current intensity is greater than when immersed in 10 mm.
2. The generation of current is related to the magnetic field, and further quantitative experiments and further theoretical analysis are required. If the rare earth magnet has a higher current intensity than the ferrite magnet, in the experiment, the maximum current intensity is 200 microamperes. Can exceed 200 microamps, due to the limited current meter, did not let the experimental current exceed 200 microamps.
3. The graph AT of the generated current value as a function of time is also drawn through further experiments.
4. What is the concentration of the electrolyte and what kind of electrolyte is used? Further experiments are needed.
V. New discipline
Since "Electrochemical Reaction in Magnetic Field" does not find ready-made data on books and the Internet, it can be said that it is a new discipline. Therefore, further experimental verification is needed. This article is used to inspire the jade. I hope to conduct further experiments with people of insight.
My point is that a new experiment requires different times, different people, and different locations to repeat the experiment.
references
Note 1. The contents of the alkaline iron-nickel battery are described in the book "Use and Maintenance of the Battery".
The second edition of Beijing in 1979, unified book number: 15045 total 2031 - there are 514 Hunan Provincial Post and Telecommunications Administration "Use and Maintenance of Battery", People's Posts and Telecommunications Press
Author: Office Liu WQ Chongqing Tong Junge & Co.
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