How to draw up the outline of the graduation thesis
First, the meaning of the outline
In the process of writing a thesis, the instructor generally asks the students to write an outline. From the writing program, it is the necessary preparation before the author writes the text; from the outline itself, it is the concrete embodiment of the author's idea. The so-called conceiving is the chapter structure of the organization of the graduation thesis. Because the writing of a graduation thesis is not like writing a short poem, a prose, or a reading, it is a sensation. It uses a material and a few phrases to express a thought and a feeling. Instead, it uses a lot of information. A multi-level, rigorous reasoning to open up the discussion, from all aspects to explain the reasons and demonstrate their own views. Therefore, it is very important to conceive a book, so it is necessary to prepare a writing outline in order to arrange materials and conduct arguments in a structured manner. With a good outline, you can outline your goals, outline the basic skeleton of the whole paper, and make the structure of the paper complete and unified. You can distinguish the level, clear the key points, carefully plan the layout, and make the general arguments and points. Organically unified; it is also possible to arrange, organize, and use materials in accordance with the requirements of each part, to decide on trade-offs, and to maximize the role of information.
Some students are not willing to write an outline and prefer to write the first draft directly. If you have not thought about the outline of the full text in your mind, if the arguments, arguments, and argumentation steps of the whole text are still confusing, it is very necessary to write an outline. It is of great benefit. The benefits are at least the following three. aspect:
First, it can reflect the author's overall thinking. An outline is a kind of logical diagram composed of serial code and text. It is a writing design diagram that helps authors consider the logical composition of the whole article. The advantage is that it makes it easy for the author to grasp the overall structure of the thesis, the level is clear, the focus is clear, the concise and concise, at a glance.
Second, it is conducive to echoing the paper. There is an outline that can help us to establish a global concept, from the whole, to test whether each part of the position and role played, whether there is a logical connection between each other, the length of each part and its position in the overall situation and Whether the role is commensurate, whether the proportion between the various parts is appropriate and harmonious, whether each word, every sentence, each paragraph, and each part are required by the whole world, whether they are all interlocked and coordinated, and become an integral part of the whole, can be Expand the topic service. After such consideration and writing, the structure of the paper can be unified and complete, and it serves the content of the paper well.
Third, it is conducive to timely adjustment and avoid major rework. In the process of research and writing of graduation thesis, the author's thinking activities are very active. Some inconspicuous materials, materials that are irrelevant from the surface, often generate new associations or new ideas after familiarity and reflection. If you don't write the outline carefully, you will be disturbed by this phenomenon when you start the pen. You have to stop writing to rethink and even overthrow the written ones. This will not only increase the workload, but also greatly affect the writing mood. . Graduation thesis outline is like the blueprint of the project. As long as you consider the rigorous and thoughtful, and spend more time and effort on it, you can form a clear and logical essay framework to avoid unnecessary rework. . In addition, if the students who write the papers first write their own ideas into outlines, then go to ask others, and if they can understand them, it is easier to put forward some suggestions for supplementing and supplementing, so that they can get effective guidance.
Second, the steps to write an outline
The steps to write an outline can be like this:
Determine the abstract of the paper, add the materials, and form a summary of the full text.
The abstract of the paper is a prototype of the content outline. Both general books and teaching reference books have a summary that reflects the contents of the book so that readers can know the approximate content of the book as soon as they are asked. We also need to write a summary of the paper before we write a thesis. Before the pen is written, the title of the paper and the headline and subtitle are listed, and then the selected materials are inserted into it, forming a summary of the content of the paper.
Distribution of the number of original pages
After writing a summary of the graduation thesis, it is necessary to consider the length of the paper according to the content of the paper, and how many words should be written in each part of the article. For example, if you plan to write a 20-page manuscript paper, consider 1 page for the preface, 17 pages for the theory, and 1-2 pages for the conclusion. The part of this theory is distributed again. If there are four items in this theory, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item is 3-4 pages, and the fourth item is 6-7 pages. With such an allocation, it is easy to equip and arrange the materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5,000-6,000 words. Because it is too short, the problem is difficult to understand, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis. This is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of general college and undergraduate students.
Writing an outline
The outline of the thesis can be divided into two categories: simple outline and detailed outline. The simple outline is highly generalized, only highlighting the main points of the paper, and how to expand it is not involved. This outline is simple, but because it is well thought out, it can be written smoothly. Without such preparation, it is difficult to write down smoothly while thinking. For example, "Thinking about cultivating and improving the construction labor market", the simple outline can be written as follows:
First, the preface
Second, the theory
Prerequisites for cultivating the construction labor market
The current status of the construction labor market
Countermeasures for cultivating and improving the construction labor market
Third, the conclusion
The detailed outline is to list the main arguments and expansion parts of the paper in more detail. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can do it better when you write. The following is still taking the "Thinking about cultivating and improving the construction labor market" as an example to introduce the detailed outline:
First, the preface
1. Present a central topic;
2, indicating the intention of writing.
Second, the theory
Prerequisites for cultivating the construction labor market
1. The establishment of a market economic system has created a huge environment for the construction of the construction labor market;
2. The formation of the construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of the construction labor market;
3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;
4. The establishment of the construction labor market is an inherent requirement for the specificity of employment in the construction industry.
The current status of the construction labor market
1. The buyer's market with oversupply;
2, there is a market invisible market;
3. Easy to enter the deformed market;
4, trading disorderly spontaneous market.
Countermeasures for cultivating and improving the construction labor market
1. Unify thinking and change, and change spontaneous transactions into conscious regulation;
2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change the disorderly transactions to regulate transactions;
3. Improve the market network and change invisible transactions into tangible transactions;
4. Adjust the operating structure and change the individual flow to the team;
5. Deepen the reform of employment and change the one-way flow into two-way flow.
Third, the conclusion
1. Outline the current construction labor market situation and our mission;
2. Respond to the preface at the beginning.
The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you consider the thoughtfulness and the details of the investigation, the problem with the simple outline is not very big; but if you consider the rough and the investigation is not good, you must use the detailed outline. Otherwise, it is difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it is much more convenient to write an outline before you start writing a graduation thesis.
Third, the draft of the graduation thesis outline
How to draw up the outline of the graduation thesis? First of all, we must grasp the principle of drafting the outline of the graduation thesis. To master this, we must master the following four aspects:
It is necessary to have a global concept and to examine the status and role of each part in the paper. Look at whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of the length is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the deepening of reform and stability of the enterprise is dialectical and unified. The author takes a certain enterprise in Zhejiang XX City as an example. He said that as long as the cadres set an example in the reform, they can share the hardships of the employees and can gain the understanding of most employees. From the perspective of the overall concept, we can find that only the reform of enterprises can be stabilized. There is no discussion on deepening reform, transforming the operating mechanism of enterprises, improving the economic efficiency of enterprises, increasing the income of employees, and finally achieving social stability.
From the central point of view, the choice of materials, the materials that have nothing to do with or have little to do with the theme, are unfortunately abandoned, even though these materials are painstakingly collected and collected by labor. If you lose something, you will have income. A piece of wool is invaluable, and the table cannot be cut, and it is not suitable for sewing. In order to get ready for clothing, you must trim the unwanted parts. Therefore, we must always keep in mind that the material is only serving the arguments for forming our own thesis. If we leave this point, no matter how good the material is, we must give up.
Consider the logical relationship between the parts. The common mistakes made by people who begin to write essays are that the arguments and arguments are not necessarily related. Some are limited to repeating the arguments, but lack practical and powerful arguments; some materials are a lot, the arguments are not clear; some between There is no organic logical relationship, and such graduation thesis is unsatisfactory. Such a thesis is not convincing. In order to be persuasive, there must be illusions, arguments are exemplified, theory and practice are combined, and the argumentation process has strict logic. Pay special attention to this when planning the outline, and check this.
Here's a quick explanation of how to write a thesis outline:
1. First draft the title;
2. Write a general argument;
3. Consider the overall arrangement of the whole article: from several aspects, in what order to discuss the general argument, this is the skeleton of the structure of the paper;
4. After the big projects are arranged properly, consider each one by one. The next argument of the project, until the paragraph level, write the argument of the paragraph;
5. In order to consider the arrangement of each segment, the materials to be used are sequentially coded for use in writing;
6. Conduct a comprehensive inspection and make necessary additions and deletions.
Also pay attention to the preparation of the graduation thesis outline:
First, there are two ways to write a thesis outline: First, the title is written. Write the title in a brief text and summarize the contents of this part. This kind of writing is concise and clear, at a glance, but only the author understands. Graduation thesis outline can not generally be written in this way. The second is the sentence style. That is, the content of the part is summarized in a sentence form that expresses the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can see it clearly, but it takes time and effort. The outline of the thesis should be submitted to the instructor for reading, so this method of writing is required.
Second, after the outline is written, there is another important work that cannot be neglected. This is the scrutiny and revision of the outline. This kind of scrutiny and revision should grasp the following points. The first is to judge whether the topic is appropriate and appropriate; the second is to refine the structure of the outline. First, whether the part, level and paragraph of the division can fully explain the problem around the central argument or the main topic to be explained is whether it is reasonable; whether the links between the levels and paragraphs are close and whether the transition is natural. Then check the objective overall layout and then “fine-tune” the order of discussion in each level.
Third, graduation thesis writing generally requires an outline to be drawn to the following levels.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
General argument { { { 1.
2.
One, ......
......
two,
......
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
The basic structure of a thesis consists of three parts: preface, theory, and conclusion. The two parts of the preface and conclusion should be relatively simple in the middle of the outline. This theory is the focus of the full text. It should be written in a pen-and-ink section. Therefore, it should be listed in more detail in the outline. At least two levels of standards should be included in this part of the thesis. The layers should be deep and the layers should be reasoned so as to reflect the organic combination of the general arguments and the arguments.
In the process of writing a thesis, the instructor generally asks the students to write an outline. From the writing program, it is the necessary preparation before the author writes the text; from the outline itself, it is the concrete embodiment of the author's idea. The so-called conceiving is the chapter structure of the organization of the graduation thesis. Because the writing of a graduation thesis is not like writing a short poem, a prose, or a reading, it is a sensation. It uses a material and a few phrases to express a thought and a feeling. Instead, it uses a lot of information. A multi-level, rigorous reasoning to open up the discussion, from all aspects to explain the reasons and demonstrate their own views. Therefore, it is very important to conceive a book, so it is necessary to prepare a writing outline in order to arrange materials and conduct arguments in a structured manner. With a good outline, you can outline your goals, outline the basic skeleton of the whole paper, and make the structure of the paper complete and unified. You can distinguish the level, clear the key points, carefully plan the layout, and make the general arguments and points. Organically unified; it is also possible to arrange, organize, and use materials in accordance with the requirements of each part, to decide on trade-offs, and to maximize the role of information.
Some students are not willing to write an outline and prefer to write the first draft directly. If you have not thought about the outline of the full text in your mind, if the arguments, arguments, and argumentation steps of the whole text are still confusing, it is very necessary to write an outline. It is of great benefit. The benefits are at least the following three. aspect:
First, it can reflect the author's overall thinking. An outline is a kind of logical diagram composed of serial code and text. It is a writing design diagram that helps authors consider the logical composition of the whole article. The advantage is that it makes it easy for the author to grasp the overall structure of the thesis, the level is clear, the focus is clear, the concise and concise, at a glance.
Second, it is conducive to echoing the paper. There is an outline that can help us to establish a global concept, from the whole, to test whether each part of the position and role played, whether there is a logical connection between each other, the length of each part and its position in the overall situation and Whether the role is commensurate, whether the proportion between the various parts is appropriate and harmonious, whether each word, every sentence, each paragraph, and each part are required by the whole world, whether they are all interlocked and coordinated, and become an integral part of the whole, can be Expand the topic service. After such consideration and writing, the structure of the paper can be unified and complete, and it serves the content of the paper well.
Third, it is conducive to timely adjustment and avoid major rework. In the process of research and writing of graduation thesis, the author's thinking activities are very active. Some inconspicuous materials, materials that are irrelevant from the surface, often generate new associations or new ideas after familiarity and reflection. If you don't write the outline carefully, you will be disturbed by this phenomenon when you start the pen. You have to stop writing to rethink and even overthrow the written ones. This will not only increase the workload, but also greatly affect the writing mood. . Graduation thesis outline is like the blueprint of the project. As long as you consider the rigorous and thoughtful, and spend more time and effort on it, you can form a clear and logical essay framework to avoid unnecessary rework. . In addition, if the students who write the papers first write their own ideas into outlines, then go to ask others, and if they can understand them, it is easier to put forward some suggestions for supplementing and supplementing, so that they can get effective guidance.
Second, the steps to write an outline
The steps to write an outline can be like this:
Determine the abstract of the paper, add the materials, and form a summary of the full text.
The abstract of the paper is a prototype of the content outline. Both general books and teaching reference books have a summary that reflects the contents of the book so that readers can know the approximate content of the book as soon as they are asked. We also need to write a summary of the paper before we write a thesis. Before the pen is written, the title of the paper and the headline and subtitle are listed, and then the selected materials are inserted into it, forming a summary of the content of the paper.
Distribution of the number of original pages
After writing a summary of the graduation thesis, it is necessary to consider the length of the paper according to the content of the paper, and how many words should be written in each part of the article. For example, if you plan to write a 20-page manuscript paper, consider 1 page for the preface, 17 pages for the theory, and 1-2 pages for the conclusion. The part of this theory is distributed again. If there are four items in this theory, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item is 3-4 pages, and the fourth item is 6-7 pages. With such an allocation, it is easy to equip and arrange the materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5,000-6,000 words. Because it is too short, the problem is difficult to understand, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis. This is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of general college and undergraduate students.
Writing an outline
The outline of the thesis can be divided into two categories: simple outline and detailed outline. The simple outline is highly generalized, only highlighting the main points of the paper, and how to expand it is not involved. This outline is simple, but because it is well thought out, it can be written smoothly. Without such preparation, it is difficult to write down smoothly while thinking. For example, "Thinking about cultivating and improving the construction labor market", the simple outline can be written as follows:
First, the preface
Second, the theory
Prerequisites for cultivating the construction labor market
The current status of the construction labor market
Countermeasures for cultivating and improving the construction labor market
Third, the conclusion
The detailed outline is to list the main arguments and expansion parts of the paper in more detail. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can do it better when you write. The following is still taking the "Thinking about cultivating and improving the construction labor market" as an example to introduce the detailed outline:
First, the preface
1. Present a central topic;
2, indicating the intention of writing.
Second, the theory
Prerequisites for cultivating the construction labor market
1. The establishment of a market economic system has created a huge environment for the construction of the construction labor market;
2. The formation of the construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of the construction labor market;
3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;
4. The establishment of the construction labor market is an inherent requirement for the specificity of employment in the construction industry.
The current status of the construction labor market
1. The buyer's market with oversupply;
2, there is a market invisible market;
3. Easy to enter the deformed market;
4, trading disorderly spontaneous market.
Countermeasures for cultivating and improving the construction labor market
1. Unify thinking and change, and change spontaneous transactions into conscious regulation;
2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change the disorderly transactions to regulate transactions;
3. Improve the market network and change invisible transactions into tangible transactions;
4. Adjust the operating structure and change the individual flow to the team;
5. Deepen the reform of employment and change the one-way flow into two-way flow.
Third, the conclusion
1. Outline the current construction labor market situation and our mission;
2. Respond to the preface at the beginning.
The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you consider the thoughtfulness and the details of the investigation, the problem with the simple outline is not very big; but if you consider the rough and the investigation is not good, you must use the detailed outline. Otherwise, it is difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it is much more convenient to write an outline before you start writing a graduation thesis.
Third, the draft of the graduation thesis outline
How to draw up the outline of the graduation thesis? First of all, we must grasp the principle of drafting the outline of the graduation thesis. To master this, we must master the following four aspects:
It is necessary to have a global concept and to examine the status and role of each part in the paper. Look at whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of the length is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the deepening of reform and stability of the enterprise is dialectical and unified. The author takes a certain enterprise in Zhejiang XX City as an example. He said that as long as the cadres set an example in the reform, they can share the hardships of the employees and can gain the understanding of most employees. From the perspective of the overall concept, we can find that only the reform of enterprises can be stabilized. There is no discussion on deepening reform, transforming the operating mechanism of enterprises, improving the economic efficiency of enterprises, increasing the income of employees, and finally achieving social stability.
From the central point of view, the choice of materials, the materials that have nothing to do with or have little to do with the theme, are unfortunately abandoned, even though these materials are painstakingly collected and collected by labor. If you lose something, you will have income. A piece of wool is invaluable, and the table cannot be cut, and it is not suitable for sewing. In order to get ready for clothing, you must trim the unwanted parts. Therefore, we must always keep in mind that the material is only serving the arguments for forming our own thesis. If we leave this point, no matter how good the material is, we must give up.
Consider the logical relationship between the parts. The common mistakes made by people who begin to write essays are that the arguments and arguments are not necessarily related. Some are limited to repeating the arguments, but lack practical and powerful arguments; some materials are a lot, the arguments are not clear; some between There is no organic logical relationship, and such graduation thesis is unsatisfactory. Such a thesis is not convincing. In order to be persuasive, there must be illusions, arguments are exemplified, theory and practice are combined, and the argumentation process has strict logic. Pay special attention to this when planning the outline, and check this.
Here's a quick explanation of how to write a thesis outline:
1. First draft the title;
2. Write a general argument;
3. Consider the overall arrangement of the whole article: from several aspects, in what order to discuss the general argument, this is the skeleton of the structure of the paper;
4. After the big projects are arranged properly, consider each one by one. The next argument of the project, until the paragraph level, write the argument of the paragraph;
5. In order to consider the arrangement of each segment, the materials to be used are sequentially coded for use in writing;
6. Conduct a comprehensive inspection and make necessary additions and deletions.
Also pay attention to the preparation of the graduation thesis outline:
First, there are two ways to write a thesis outline: First, the title is written. Write the title in a brief text and summarize the contents of this part. This kind of writing is concise and clear, at a glance, but only the author understands. Graduation thesis outline can not generally be written in this way. The second is the sentence style. That is, the content of the part is summarized in a sentence form that expresses the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can see it clearly, but it takes time and effort. The outline of the thesis should be submitted to the instructor for reading, so this method of writing is required.
Second, after the outline is written, there is another important work that cannot be neglected. This is the scrutiny and revision of the outline. This kind of scrutiny and revision should grasp the following points. The first is to judge whether the topic is appropriate and appropriate; the second is to refine the structure of the outline. First, whether the part, level and paragraph of the division can fully explain the problem around the central argument or the main topic to be explained is whether it is reasonable; whether the links between the levels and paragraphs are close and whether the transition is natural. Then check the objective overall layout and then “fine-tune” the order of discussion in each level.
Third, graduation thesis writing generally requires an outline to be drawn to the following levels.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
General argument { { { 1.
2.
One, ......
......
two,
......
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
The basic structure of a thesis consists of three parts: preface, theory, and conclusion. The two parts of the preface and conclusion should be relatively simple in the middle of the outline. This theory is the focus of the full text. It should be written in a pen-and-ink section. Therefore, it should be listed in more detail in the outline. At least two levels of standards should be included in this part of the thesis. The layers should be deep and the layers should be reasoned so as to reflect the organic combination of the general arguments and the arguments.
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