On the Analysis Materials of Openly Selecting the Party and Government Leading Cadres System and Its Social Influence

In recent years, with the continuous introduction of various laws, regulations, and regulations on the selection of leading cadres by the central government, the open selection of party and government leading cadre systems has been increasingly explored in various regions and at all levels in the country, and a series of practices have been achieved in practice. The results also revealed many problems, which will be analyzed and reflected in this article.

I. Overview of China's open selection of party and government leading cadres

The so-called open selection of the party and government leading cadre system refers to the system in which the party committee and its organizational departments adopt open registration, examination and investigation, and screen out the system of leading cadres. It insists on openness, fairness, and impartiality, and insists on the combination of examinations and inspections. It is one of the methods for selecting and appointing party and government leading cadres in China.

China's open selection of the party and government leading cadre system was born in the early 1980s, and it has been more than 20 years of development. It has experienced three stages: experimental exploration, improvement and promotion, and system implementation.

Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, publicly selected bureau-level cadres in 1985, and opened the prelude to the open selection test of leading cadres; in 1992, the relevant departments of the central government forwarded the “Selection of Double Tests” in Jilin Province. The report on the situation of leading cadres at the deputy level and department level affirmed the practice of publicly selecting leading cadres, and required all departments to explore and improve the selection methods of cadres from the actual situation, and the public selection system entered the promotion stage; July XX On the basis of amending the "Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of Party and Government Leading Cadres", the Central Government issued the "Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government", specifically adding a chapter on "open selection and competition for posts". It is clearly pointed out that "open selection and competition for posts is one of the ways to select and appoint leading cadres of the party and government", which marks the basic formation of the open selection of leading cadres in the country; the "public selection" issued by the Central Office of XX Provisional Regulations on the Work of Leading Cadres and the Provisions on the Open Selection System for Leading Cadres in the Civil Service Law of the People's Republic of China on January 1, XX Selection system into a new stage of specification propulsion.

Second, the basic content, procedures and development status of the open selection system of party and government leading cadres in China

1. The basic content and program of the open selection system for party and government leading cadres in China

The open selection of party and government leading cadres in China is mainly applicable to the selection and appointment of party members at all levels of the local government, leaders of the government work department or other candidates, leading members of other institutions within the party and government organs or other candidates, and other leadership positions applicable to open selection. In any of the following circumstances, public selection should generally be carried out: First, in order to improve the leadership structure or leadership positions, there is a need for centralized selection of leading cadres; second, there are vacancies in leadership positions, and there is no suitable candidate for this unit; Stronger positions and leading cadres who lack professional positions.

The public selection work should go through the following procedures: release announcement; registration and qualification review; unified examination; organization inspection, research and selection of candidates; party committee discussion and decision; 2. The Status Quo of the Open Selection of the Party and Government Leading Cadres System in China

The open selection of the party and government leading cadre system as an important means of selecting and appointing leading cadres is gradually being carried out at different levels and in different scales across the country, with outstanding achievements. Specifically in the following aspects:

The scope of development is extensive: all provinces, cities, counties and districts in the country have basically carried out this work, including the local party committee, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the government, the CPPCC, the disciplinary committee's work department or the working body's leading members or their candidates, selected and selected. A large number of outstanding cadres with both ability and political integrity.

The selection level is comprehensive: China's open selection of the party and government leading cadres from the regular position to the deputy, from the provincial and departmental leading cadres to the grassroots township leading cadres, covering most of the level of leading cadres in China.

Diverse forms of practice: In the process of conducting open selection of leading cadres, local party organizations, under the guidance of the "Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government" and the "Interim Provisions on the Open Selection of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government", combined with the actual situation in the local area, It has created a variety of forms of practice for the open selection of leading cadres.

Third, the public selection of the party and government leading cadre system to change the cadre selection system in China

The implementation of the open selection of leading cadres broke the traditional system of selecting and employing people in China, which brought about a series of changes in the selection system for cadres in China, mainly in the following aspects:

1. The change in the way people are selected. The selection of traditional cadres is mainly through the nomination and leadership of the organization department. The promotion of officials is mainly in the hands of superior leaders. In actual work, it is easy to form a cadre selection and appointment method of “individual brewing and collective decision”. The public selection of the party and government leading cadre system is carried out for the whole society. The method of public examination has broken through the existing rules for the selection and appointment of cadres. The whole process of appointment is open to the news media and the public, and is carried out according to the established rules. The change from "minority" selection to "majority" selection, from Bole to horses to the selection of horses.

2. The change in the scope of the selection. Most of the former officials were selected from within their own units. The party and government leading cadres were mainly appointed from within the party and government organs, and outstanding talents outside the system could only hope that the "official" would sigh. The open selection system for leading cadres broke through the restrictions of geography, industry and occupation, and was carried out for the whole society. As long as the registration conditions are met, people from all over the country can participate in the selection, incorporate the allocation of administrative talents in the organization into the market allocation, and first realize the two-way selection mechanism in the selection of Chinese cadres, thus greatly expanding the scope of cadre selection.

3. The transformation of selection and orientation. The cadre selection method is a sensitive line that affects the nerves of the leading cadres. Different cadre selection methods produce different selection orientations and breed various official forms. The appointment of superiors is guided by the will of the chief executive, and the "management" is popular; the democratic appraisal is interpersonal-oriented, and the "official" is taken as the road; the performance appraisal is based on performance-oriented, and the "official" emerges; the open selection takes the test as the core content, and it believes that Guided by vegan, the test "tube" is popular.

IV. Analysis of the Influence and Effect of China's Open Selection of Party and Government Leading Cadres System

The open selection system of leading cadres has shown the effect of double-edged swords in practice: on the one hand, it responds to the requirements of social and political development, and reflects the responsibility of openness, transparency, openness and efficiency; on the other hand, it violates the administrative system to some extent. Its own requirements undermine stability and loyalty.

1. The positive effect of openly selecting the party and government leading cadre system

The open selection system of leading cadres reflects publicity

The entire process of public selection is carried out in accordance with established rules and procedures, avoiding the black box operations that may exist in the traditional selection system, and promoting the operation of government agencies from black boxes to transparency. Adhere to democracy, hand over policies to the people, let the people participate extensively, and implement the people's right to know, participate, choose, and supervise. The whole process of appointment is subject to the supervision of the public. The cadre selection is no longer like watching flowers in the fog, but looking at the fish in a glass jar. In this state of transparency, various irregularities and illegal operations have been greatly reduced, thereby increasing the degree of democracy and openness of appointments.

The open selection system of leading cadres highlights the openness

The open selection policy is conducive to expanding the view of the selection and employment of the organizational department, and it is convenient to select the cadres who truly have the real talents and meet the requirements of the development of the socialist market economy to the leadership positions, and promote the government institutions to gradually move from the closed state. open. Through open selection, talents are selected in an open environment, so that all cadres who want to be officers, officers, and cadres have opportunities, stage, and status, so that outstanding talents can stand out and compete, thus enhancing the government's openness.

Leading cadre open selection system improves efficiency

The open selection system is conducive to improving the efficiency of cadres' work and promoting the efficiency and accountability of the government. Openly select leading cadres for the society, and introduce a more objective and fair talent detection mechanism, so that those with the same conditions have the qualifications and rights to participate in competitive leadership positions, openly, fairly and fairly select and select leading cadres. This can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the young and middle-aged cadres to work diligently and study hard, thus stimulating the sense of competition among the cadres, promoting everyone to improve their business abilities and capabilities, and promoting administrative efficiency. 2. The negative effect of openly selecting the party and government leading cadre system

The open selection system of party and government leading cadres hinders the development planning of civil servants' personal careers

Civil servants are the main body of administrative actions and the most dynamic factor in administrative organizations. The career planning of civil servants refers to the plans made by civil servants themselves to actively and actively plan their future career development direction and path. Under the current cadre system in China, the career development path of civil servants is relatively narrow, and the diversified job classifications suitable for the growth of civil servants are not sound enough. The government agencies employed by civil servants are one of the important subjects of their career planning. In fact, it has become the only way for many civil servants to realize the value of life. In order to achieve personal career development, civil servants must obtain promotion in their positions, and the prerequisite for obtaining promotion is that there must be job vacancies. Under the system of selecting and appointing traditional cadres, after the leadership positions are vacant, the normal promotion sequence within the organization ensures that the qualified reserve cadres are successively replenished. After years of hard work, some cadres have become reserve candidates for entering the leadership. The open selection of the party and government leading cadre system has changed the basic pattern of promotion. Many positions have been obtained through examinations by outside the system, making this part of the cadres also It needs to be produced through open selection. Invisibly, it has squeezed the relatively narrow promotion space to a large extent, directly affecting the development of their career.

The open selection system of leading cadres reduces the loyalty of officials to the organization and increases the possibility of conflicts in the administrative system.

The open selection system of leading cadres is based on ability as the primary value orientation. The value orientation of cadres' selection ability may lead to the weakening of loyalty value to a certain extent. The open selection requires the applicants themselves to have considerable knowledge and skills, and through their own active efforts and to obtain positions, they are highly self-sufficient. Under the traditional appointment system, the appointee often feels grateful for the organization that appoints himself to a position, thus showing a high degree of organizational loyalty. In the open selection system, the self-sufficiency of the position has weakened the individual's gratitude to the organization to a certain extent, and believes that the acquisition of the position is entirely from the individual's efforts, thus reducing the loyalty to the organization. This also greatly increases the possibility of internal contradictions in the system. Under the current open selection system, many deputy leaders are elected by public elections. They have a strong public base. They often lack the corresponding political loyalty to the administrative organization system under the leadership of the full-time leadership. It is easy to create conflicts between responsibilities and permissions, thereby increasing internal friction and undermining unity within the system.

Openly selecting and leading cadre system damages the stability of the administrative organization system

An important rationality of the existence of the bureaucratic system lies in its stability. It resists the influence of changes in the political field on the administrative field with stability, and guarantees the stability and continuity of the implementation of national policies. Only by ensuring the stability of civil servants' duties can civil servants be able to resist political pressure and temptation of interests. This determines that the civil service promotion system must be a stable system, usually in accordance with the accumulation of qualifications and experience to obtain job promotion or other forms of compensation. Under the open selection system of leading cadres, as long as they meet the required recruitment conditions, anyone has the opportunity to sign up for a public recruitment of a position and obtain an opportunity to serve through an open, fair and impartial examination. This is a civil servant that transcends tradition. The promotion path has increased opportunities. Under the great temptation to get a promotion, many civil servants are uneasy about their jobs, and it is not surprising that they want to get leadership positions through exams. Frequent changes in the personnel within the administrative system have largely hampered the continuity of government work and the stability of the civil service.

V. Conclusion

The practice of openly selecting and leading leading cadres in China in the administrative field has aroused the turmoil of the civil servant system and brought fresh vitality to many aspects of the reform of the cadre and personnel system in China. However, the negative impact it has shown in the course of practice still needs to be We continue to avoid and improve in further reforms and practices. There is no perfect person, no gold is enough. We are looking forward to the open selection system of leading cadres in the practice and forging of the fire.