Education Promotion Program for the 21st Century
Education Promotion Program for the 21st Century
The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the grand goals and tasks of cross-century socialist modernization construction and made a comprehensive plan for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. In order to realize the goals and tasks set by the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, comprehensively promote the reform and development of education, and improve the quality and innovation of the whole nation, this action plan is specially formulated.
In the new era of reform, opening up, and modernization, Comrade Deng Xiaoping repeatedly stressed that to achieve socialist modernization, science and technology is the key, and education is the foundation. At the important moment of the turn of the century, Comrade Jiang Zemin profoundly pointed out that "in today's world, the advancement of science and technology with information technology as the main symbol is changing with each passing day, and the transformation of high-tech achievements into real productivity is getting faster and faster. The knowledge economy that is beginning to show heralds humanity. In the coming 21st century, the knowledge economy with high technology as the core will dominate, and the country's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness will increasingly depend on education development, science and technology. With the level of knowledge innovation, education will always be in a strategic position of priority development. Modern information technology is widely used in education and leads to profound changes in the education system. Lifelong education will be a common requirement of education development and social progress. At present, many governments regard revitalization education as the basic national policy for the new century. These trends indicate that profound changes will take place in the future education. We should prepare for new challenges as soon as possible.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, China’s educational undertakings have made remarkable achievements. The work of popularizing nine-year compulsory education and eradicating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults has made historic progress; vocational education and adult education have developed rapidly; the scale of higher education has steadily expanded; The education system and teaching reform have been gradually deepened, and the conditions for running schools and the quality of education have been improved; the basic structure of the education and law system has taken initial shape, all of which have laid a solid foundation for the revitalization of education in the 21st century. However, the level of education development in China is still low, and the educational structure and system, educational concepts and methods, and talent training models are still unable to meet the needs of modernization. In the current and future period, the lack of creative talents with international leading standards has become one of the main factors restricting China's ability to innovate and compete. Therefore, in line with the requirements of the times, revitalizing China's educational undertakings is an objective need to achieve the goal of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and conscientiously follow Comrade Deng Xiaoping's strategic guiding principle of "education should face modernization, face the world, and face the future", seize opportunities, deepen reform, forge ahead, and push Chinese education full of vigor and vitality to 21 century.
The "Action Plan for Education Revitalization for the 21st Century" is a blueprint for the construction of cross-century education reform and development based on the implementation of the Education Law and the Outline of China's Education Reform and Development. It is necessary to comprehensively plan, highlight key points, seize the key, and focus on implementation.
The main objectives of the action plan are:
By the year 2000, the country will basically popularize nine-year compulsory education, basically eliminate the illiteracy of young and middle-aged adults, vigorously promote the education of vegetarianism; improve the vocational education and training and continuing education system, and the new urban and rural labor force and incumbents can generally accept education at all levels and forms. Training; Active and steady development of higher education, the enrollment rate of higher education reaches 11%; aiming at the goal of the national innovation system, cultivating a group of high-level innovative talents; strengthening scientific research and cultivating high-tech industries in universities to foster economic development New growth points contribute; deepen reform, establish the basic structure of the new education system, and actively adapt to economic and social development.
By 2019, on the basis of fully realizing the "two basics" goal, cities and economically developed regions will systematically popularize high school education. The national population will reach the advanced level of the developing countries; the scale of higher education will be greatly expanded. The enrollment rate is close to 15%. Several universities and a number of key disciplines have entered or approached world-class standards. Basically, a lifelong learning system has been established to provide sufficient talent support and knowledge contribution to the national knowledge innovation system and modernization.
I. Implementing the “Cross-Century Education Project” to improve the national quality
1 The goal of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in 2000 is the “top priority” of the national education work. The "two bases" have entered the stage of tackling the key to ensuring the realization of the national goal. The key and difficult points of universal compulsory education work are in the central and western regions. During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the “National Compulsory Education Project for Poverty-stricken Areas” will continue to be implemented, with emphasis on mountain areas, pastoral areas and border areas.
Further strengthen education supervision, improve supervision institutions, improve supervision system, and ensure the quality of “two foundations” and the smooth implementation of quality education.
2. Implement the “Cross-Century Education Project”, promote the education of the whole society, and comprehensively improve the national ethos and national innovation ability. Reforming the curriculum system and evaluation system. In 2000, the curriculum framework and curriculum standards for modern basic education were initially formed, the content and teaching methods of education were reformed, a new evaluation system was implemented, teacher training was launched, and experiments on new courses were initiated. After 10 years of experimentation, we will promote the 21st century basic education curriculum textbook system throughout the country.
3. Strengthen and improve the moral education of the school . Continue to strengthen patriotism, team spirit, socialist ideal education, obey the law and social morality education, carry out the education of the Chinese nation's outstanding traditions and revolutionary traditions, implement labor skills education and mental health education, and cultivate students with good moral and healthy psychology. And noble sentiment.
4? Sports and aesthetic education are important components of alchemical education. It is necessary to strengthen sports and aesthetic education. To make students have a strong body. Aesthetic education can not only cultivate students' noble sentiments, but also stimulate students' learning vitality, promote intellectual development, and cultivate students' creative ability. By 2001, through the promulgation of the "Regulations on the Work of School Art Education", deepening the reform of education and equipment, and initially establishing a relatively scientific and rational sports and art education system in large and small China, ensuring the teachers of school sports and art education. Quantity and quality to improve teaching standards.
5? Implementing vegetarian education, we must start from the early childhood stage, use scientific methods to enlighten and develop the intelligence of young children, and cultivate children's healthy physique, good living habits, lively and cheerful personality and desire to seek knowledge.
Pay attention to special education, and strive to provide educational opportunities for the majority of disabled children and young people, and cultivate their self-reliant spirit and ability to survive and develop.
6? Continue to expand the scale of the training of minority students in mainland schools and promote the common improvement of the various ethnic groups. In the basic education stage, we must continue to run the teaching classes for the frontier ethnic minorities in the Mainland and appropriately expand the scale of training. Higher education institutions in the Mainland should make more contributions to the training of outstanding professionals in ethnic minorities. It is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the "bilingual" education and teaching and teacher training in ethnic areas.
7? Establish and improve the legal system for language and writing work, and comprehensively promote the school's language and writing work. All levels of schools, especially Chinese small and normal colleges, should continue to speak Mandarin, write standard words, and improve language and writing skills. The important content of the vegetarian education. Strengthen the management of Chinese language and minority language information processing, and strive to improve the standardization of language and characters in the whole society according to law. By 2019, the basic standardization of writing in the country will be realized, so that the application of Chinese language and characters will be more suitable for the socialist economy. The need for political and cultural development.
Second, the implementation of the "Cross-Century Gardening Project" to greatly improve the faculty of teachers
8? Greatly improve the overall quality of the teaching staff, especially to strengthen the construction of teachers' morality. Within 3 years, all existing primary and secondary school heads and full-time teachers will be trained and continued education in different ways to consolidate and improve the post-study training and certification system for primary and secondary school principals . Strengthen the construction of teaching materials for continuing education for Chinese small teachers. Chinese small-scale full-time teachers and normal school students are required to receive basic computer training. Around 2019, qualified regions strive to upgrade the qualifications of the national and junior high-level teachers to the specialist and university levels. The number of high school full-time teachers and principals in economically developed regions should reach a certain percentage. It is necessary to strengthen and reform teacher education and improve the quality of new teachers. Stronger institutions of higher learning should contribute to the development of new teachers and teacher training.
9? Focus on strengthening the construction of a small backbone of Chinese teachers. In 1999 and 2000, 100,000 junior and vocational school teachers were selected in the country. Through the implementation of the school's teaching reform test, tour lectures, seminars and training, and accepting the training of foreign teachers, we will play the role of the backbone teachers in the local teaching reform.
10? Implement a teacher appointment system and a full-time employment system, strengthen assessment, compete for posts, and optimize the teaching team. Around 2000, it is necessary to optimize the ranks of Chinese small faculty and staff and improve the efficiency of running schools by improving the ratio of students to teachers, laid off, and diverting surplus personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to broaden the channels of teachers' sources, recruit outstanding graduates of non-teaching colleges and universities with teacher qualifications to the society, and improve the structure of the teaching staff. Seriously solve the shortage of small Chinese teachers in remote mountainous areas and poverty-stricken areas. It is necessary to further improve the regular service system for teachers' graduates, to teach college graduates to remote and impoverished rural areas, adopt a regular rotation system, and enjoy the state-stipulated wage-sloping policy. Encourage civil servants at all levels of government agencies to teach in China.
Third, implement the "high-level creative talent project", strengthen the scientific research work of colleges and universities, and actively participate in the construction of the national innovation system
11? Colleges and universities should follow the forefront of international academic development and become a base for knowledge innovation and high-level creative talent training. It is necessary to pay attention to cultivating the spirit of unity, collaboration and dedication of high-level creative talents. It is necessary to attract a group of outstanding academic leaders who can lead the discipline to enter the international advanced level from home and abroad. In accordance with the principle of “choose one to hire one”, the state gives priority funding, and academic leaders have the autonomy to hire and use funds within the scope permitted by national policies.
12? Create a group of young and middle-aged academic talents with world-class standards, so that the knowledge and technology innovation bases of higher education institutions can achieve innovative results as soon as possible. Since 1998, in the key disciplines of national higher education institutions, a number of specially-appointed professors have been set up to openly recruit particularly outstanding young and middle-aged scholars at home and abroad to enter positions, set up special bonuses and encourage local governments and schools to set up corresponding rewards.
13? National colleges and universities select 10,000 key teachers in batches by means of competitive selection, and adopt a combination of state funding and self-financing to enhance scientific research funding support and improve scientific research, teaching quality and equipment and equipment standards.
Establish a research and teaching incentive fund for outstanding young teachers in institutions of higher learning. Since 1999, 100 young teachers who have achieved major scientific research and teaching achievements under the age of 35 have been selected every year for five consecutive years to increase their support for research and teaching.
14? Higher education institutions implement the State Key Laboratory and the Open Laboratory Visiting Scholar System to achieve the open benefits of key disciplines and improve the overall standard of the teaching staff. The state has set up a special fund for laboratory business expenses.
15? Further improve the quality of doctoral students in higher education institutions, and add special doctoral scholarships. Since 1999, we have selected 100 excellent doctoral thesis with innovative standards every year. For doctors who have stayed in colleges and universities after the award, they have supported their research and teaching for five consecutive years. It is necessary to steadily expand the number and scale of post-doctoral mobile stations in higher education institutions.
16? Strengthen international academic exchanges. In addition to continuing to send short-term visiting scholars according to the existing study fund system, the state-funded directors and research institutes and laboratory backbones are selected as senior visiting scholars to conduct targeted training and exchanges at leading foreign universities. Invite well-known overseas scholars, especially professors from world-class universities, as visiting professors at domestic universities to come to China for short-term lectures and research. Various measures must be taken to encourage overseas students to return to China, or to contribute to improving the teaching quality and scientific standards of higher education institutions in China.
Fourth, continue and accelerate the construction of the "211 Project", and vigorously improve the knowledge innovation ability of higher education institutions
17? The "211 Project" launched in 1995, focusing on the construction of a number of institutions of higher learning and a number of disciplines, has laid an important foundation for the cultivation of innovative talents and the construction of a national innovation system. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, it entered the stage of substantive construction. It is necessary to ensure that the first phase of the “211 Project” will be completed in 2000 and the second phase of the project will be launched on this basis to further enhance the knowledge innovation capability and scientific research level of universities.
Funds for the second phase of the “211 Project” project are still funded by the state, department, local and higher education institutions. Among them, the strength of the central special investment part is at least equal to the first phase of the project, mainly used to increase the strength of the key disciplines that have been established. At the same time, strengthen project management and improve the efficiency of capital use.
V. Establishing a number of first-class universities and a number of first-class disciplines with world-class standards
18? Building a world-class university is of great strategic importance. In accordance with the spirit of Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the Peking University Centennial Celebration Conference, “In order to achieve modernization, China must have a number of first-class universities with world-class standards.” After a long period of construction and accumulation, a few universities in China have a few disciplines and high-tech fields. It has reached and is close to the international advanced level, and has a group of high-level professors, especially the high quality of university students, which has created conditions for the establishment of a world-class university.
19? International top universities are formed through long-term construction. The construction of a top-ranking university requires government support and capital investment, but more importantly, the results of hard work of school leaders, teachers, and students over the years. In particular, after graduation, students have recognized their credibility in various construction positions in the country and even internationally. At the same time, this school has a large number of well-known scholars and professors. Therefore, to become a first-class university, we need to have a certain historical process, and we must pass the test of social practice. In this regard, we must have ambition and be down to earth. It is necessary to relatively concentrate the limited financial resources of the country, mobilize various enthusiasm, start with the construction of key disciplines, increase investment, and focus on the construction of a number of higher education institutions and disciplines that are close to and have the conditions to reach international advanced standards. In the next 10 to 20 years, we will strive to enter a world-class standard for a number of universities and a number of key disciplines.
6. Implementing “Modern Distance Education Project” to form an open education network and build a lifelong learning system
20? Modern distance education is a new type of education that has emerged with the development of modern information technology. It is the main means of building a lifelong learning system in the era of knowledge economy. Making full use of modern information technology and implementing the "modern distance education project" on the basis of the original distance education can effectively bring into play the advantages of various existing educational resources, in line with the trend of the development of science and technology education in the world, under the condition of shortage of educational resources in China To implement the strategic measures for major education, we must increase our efforts as an important infrastructure.
21? Based on the existing China Education and Research Network demonstration network and satellite video transmission system, improve the transmission rate of the backbone network, make full use of the existing communication resources of the country, and further expand the transmission capacity and network scale of the China Education and Research Network. In 2000, all colleges and universities in the country and thousands of upper secondary schools entered the network, and they sought computer networks to enter 50,000 college professors. The China Education and Research Network was used to establish an information system for the integration of college students' enrollment, computerized student management, and graduates' long-term employment services.
22? Continue to play the role of satellite TV education in modern distance education, transform the existing radio and television education transmission network, build a central station, and connect with the China Education and Research Network for high-speed connection, and carry out network transformation of some remote schools. In 2000, we strived to make the vast majority of China's rural areas able to watch educational TV programs. It is necessary to use excellent teachers and modern educational methods to run educational TV programs well, focusing on meeting the educational needs of remote areas, islands, mountains, forestry and animal husbandry.
23? Change the backward development and low level of remote education software development and production mode, give play to the government's macro-control role, use the advantages of various types of school education resources, and develop high-quality educational software through competition and market operation mechanism. It is necessary to focus on building a national distance education resource library and several educational software development and production bases. At the same time, pay attention to the introduction of foreign excellent modern distance education software.
24? The Ministry of Education implements centralized management of modern distance education in the country, and is responsible for organizing the formulation and implementation of the national “Development Plan for Modern Distance Education”. The “Modern Distance Education Project” will implement short-term state support and long-term self-reliance development strategies. The use of advanced information technology means, combined with the actual situation in China, constantly improve the standard of modern distance education.
In order to promote the development of modern distance education, the operating costs of modern distance education networks will be preferentially regulated according to international practice, and the tariffs on donated equipment and imported equipment will be reduced or exempted according to the law.
25? Establish and improve the continuing education system to meet the needs of lifelong learning and knowledge renewal. Conditional institutions of higher learning should set up continuing education courses and build a continuing education base. It is necessary to rely on the modern distance education network to set up high-quality online courses, organize the first-class teachers of the country to teach, realize the sharing of educational resources across time and space, and provide a variety of continuing education courses to managers and professionals in various industries. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the self-study examination system for higher education and secondary professional education, and to continuously expand the educational opportunities of members of society.
7. Implementing the “High-tech Industrialization Project of Colleges and Universities” to promote the development of the national high-tech industry and contribute to the cultivation of new economic growth points.
26? Colleges and universities should give full play to their own advantages in national innovation projects, strive to promote knowledge innovation and technological innovation, accelerate technology development, carry out scientific and technological research on key technologies common in economic construction, and transform traditional industries, adjust industrial structure, and strengthen agriculture. Work with rural areas and cultivate new growth points for the country's economic development.
Strengthen cooperation between industry, university and research institutes, and encourage higher education institutions and research institutes to carry out various forms of cooperation and cooperation, complement each other's advantages, and emphasize practical results. Promote the integration of higher education institutions, research institutes and enterprises in technological innovation and the development of high-tech industries. Encourage enterprises to establish demonstration centers for technology integration and diffusion, such as engineering research centers and productivity promotion centers, in higher education institutions, and develop high-tech products. Encourage higher education institutions to transfer technology to enterprises, or use existing small and medium-sized enterprises to set up high-tech enterprises, and explore the all-round cooperation between enterprises and universities from project establishment to production.
27? Forming a high-tech enterprise group around colleges and universities has become a successful experience in the development of knowledge economy. It is necessary to create conditions to establish high-tech industrialization bases around the institutions of higher learning, especially in areas where higher education institutions are concentrated, to develop science and technology parks, to become a window to attract foreign high-tech enterprises and introduce the latest achievements of foreign high-tech enterprises, and to bring into play technology. Develop the role of an "incubator". Strengthen entrepreneurship education for teachers and students, and take measures to encourage them to independently establish high-tech enterprises.
28? The establishment of high-tech enterprises in higher education institutions has promoted the development of high-tech industries, formed new economic growth points, played an important role as a driving force and a source of radiation, and became a practice base for cultivating innovative talents, and also provided new benefits for society. job opportunity. In the future, in accordance with the modern enterprise system, a group of high-tech industrial groups based on colleges and universities should be established.
29? Establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for high-tech industrialization in higher education institutions. The Ministry of Education has established a university science and technology industry development funding agency to fund major science and technology projects with development prospects in universities. Through technology, such as holdings, equity participation and credit, we will focus on supporting science and technology industries and science and technology development activities including universities. At the same time, as soon as possible, a group of intermediaries dedicated to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities will be established. The technical production factors are allowed to participate in the income distribution. The income from the transfer of scientific and technological achievements should be extracted according to the relevant provisions of the state, and distributed to the relevant research and development personnel according to the contribution. It is necessary to study the establishment of venture capital funds, encourage qualified high-tech enterprises to go public, and promote the development of high-tech industries.
8. Implement the Higher Education Law, actively and steadily develop higher education, accelerate the reform of higher education, improve the quality of education and the efficiency of running schools.
30. Effectively implement the provisions of the Higher Education Law on "Higher education should be oriented to the society, self-sponsored by law, and democratic management." In order to enable more high school graduates to have higher education opportunities, according to local needs and funding and the possibility of teachers, under the premise of adopting new mechanisms and models, the total number of undergraduate students in higher education in 2000 will reach 6.6 million people. The increase in the enrollment plan will be mainly used for the development of higher vocational education in the local area, and the scale of graduate students should have a large growth. The enrollment rate of higher education has increased from 9.1% in 1997 to around 11% in 2000. The ratio of students to normal colleges and universities has increased from 10:1 in 1997 to 12:1 in 2000. The average number of students in independent colleges has reached 4,000.
31? Accelerate the pace of reform of the higher education system and deepen the reform of higher education. We will continue to implement the principle of “co-construction, adjustment, cooperation, and merger”. In the next three to five years, we will basically form a two-level management and division of labor at the central and provincial levels. Under the guidance of the national giant policy, we will focus on provincial-level government coordination. The new system of organic integration of the strips. Except for a few universities in which the overall development of the country and the industry are very strong and need to be directly managed by the relevant departments of the state, most other institutions of higher learning are managed by the provincial government or jointly built with the local government. The central government continues to allocate funds to encourage and promote management system reform, and to adjust and optimize the layout of higher education institutions. Encourage and support social forces to run schools.
32. Actively developing higher vocational education is an urgent requirement for improving the national science and technology culture, delaying employment and developing the national economy. For higher vocational education, in addition to reforming, reorganizing and restructuring existing colleges, vocational colleges and independent adult colleges, and selecting some qualified secondary schools to develop higher vocational education, some universities and colleges It is possible to set up a higher vocational and technical college, and basically do not add new ones. Select 30 existing schools to build demonstration vocational and technical colleges. The development of non-degree higher vocational education, mainly for vocational qualification certificate education. It is necessary to gradually study the establishment of an overpass between ordinary higher education and vocational and technical education, allowing graduates of vocational and technical colleges to undergo high-level academic education after passing the examination.
Higher vocational education must face the regional economic construction and social development, adapt to the actual needs of the job market, and cultivate practical talents needed for the first line of production, service, and management, and truly develop characteristics. Actively adapt to the new situation of rural work and agricultural development, and cultivate all kinds of talents needed for rural modernization. It is necessary to gradually pass the responsibility for the enrollment plan, entrance examination and diploma issuance of higher vocational education to the provincial people's governments and schools through the pilot. The provincial people's government, under the guidance of the national giants, is in the higher vocational education in the region. Existing resources are co-ordinated. Accelerate the pace of developing higher vocational education and explore a variety of enrollment methods. A certain percentage of secondary vocational school graduates can enter higher vocational schools . Most ordinary high school graduates should accept various forms of higher vocational education except for entering ordinary higher education institutions. Improve the quality.
33. Intensify the reform of the enrollment and graduate employment system, and plan to promote the reform of the admissions examination system for higher education institutions in a step-by-step manner. It is necessary to proceed from the principle of facilitating the implementation of elementary education in China, the fair selection of qualified personnel in higher education institutions, the expansion of the autonomy of colleges and universities, and the stability of the society, and the pilot reform of the subjects, contents, methods and systems of the joint entrance examinations, and the enhancement of students’ ability and Integrate the assessment components of the element and explore the methods and systems for enrollment, examination and evaluation of higher education institutions suitable for different regions and schools . Carry out a pilot program of higher vocational education, “ schools are self-sponsored for the market, and students are self-employed”. By the year 2000, a relatively complete graduate employment system recommended by the school and relevant departments, students and employers under the guidance of national policies through the two-way selection of the talent and labor market and self-employment will be established. It is necessary to provide financial support to students with special difficulties in various forms to ensure that students who have been admitted to the entrance exam and who are already in school are not allowed to drop out of school due to financial difficulties. The state continues to arrange funds to support the poor students, and the local finance and schools are supporting the corresponding funds. At the same time, we will actively carry out pilot work on a variety of student aid systems, such as college student loans, and explore effective ways to finance students with financial difficulties under the conditions of a socialist market economy.
34? Actively promote the teaching reform of higher education institutions and reform educational ideas, concepts, contents and methods. It is necessary to vigorously promote the reform of the personnel training model for higher professional education, especially to reform the curriculum structure, strengthen the practice teaching base and the construction of the "double-skilled" type of teachers. The education of the university department should broaden the professional caliber and enhance the adaptability. In the next 3 to 5 years, the profession will be adjusted from more than 200 to more than 100. Continue to promote the "Training Contents and Curriculum System Reform Plan for the 21st Century", and build 200 cultural and scientific basic talent training bases, 100 basic course teaching bases, and 20 college students' cultural resources. Become a teaching demonstration base with advanced domestic standards. Actively and steadily develop professional degree graduate education, further improve the professional degree system, and cultivate a large number of high-level applied talents.
35? Vigorously promote the reform of the internal management system of higher education institutions. Gradually implement the appointment system, reduce redundant staff, streamline the staff of colleges and universities, make the ratio of students to faculty and staff, the ratio of students to employees, and the ratio of full-time teachers to employees; accelerate the social reform of school logistics, streamline diversion personnel. The expansion of the enrollment plan of higher education institutions should be linked to the progress of the socialization of school logistics. Select a number of better-performing cities to form a business management university logistics service group company, engaged in student apartment property management and school logistics life services. In the 3 to 5 years, most areas will realize the socialization of university logistics.
9. Actively develop vocational education and adult education, train a large number of high-ranking laborers and middle-level and middle-level talents, and especially increase the intensity of education for agricultural and rural work.
36. According to the Education Law and the Vocational Education Law, efforts should be made to establish a system of pre- and post-employment education and training that is in line with China's national conditions, so that primary, secondary and higher vocational education and training are linked to each other. Education and adult education communicate and coordinate development. Establish a vocational education curriculum reform and textbook construction fund, and implement curriculum reform and textbook construction planning. Relying on ordinary higher education institutions and higher vocational and technical colleges, we will focus on building 50 vocational education teachers and internship instructors to train training bases. Local governments should also strengthen the construction of vocational education teacher training bases.
Continue to implement the diversion of post-secondary education, and actively develop secondary vocational education from the actual situation in various places. The current proportion of vocational education and general education in the national high school should be maintained, and efforts should be made to achieve the goals set forth in the "China Education Reform and Development Program." A very small number of regions that have not yet popularized nine-year compulsory education should provide vocational and technical training for small and medium-sized graduates who cannot enter the country. In areas where the high-school education structure is basically reasonable, the focus of vocational education should be on improving quality and efficiency. . Some regions with more developed economies can develop some integrated high schools and postpone them to the third year of high school. It is necessary to make scientific predictions on the social needs of secondary vocational education. According to the principle of “first training, then post”, various types of new employees are given time-limited and different forms of vocational education and training. Secondary vocational education should reform the professional and curriculum structure, implement a flexible course selection system, improve the quality of training, and enable graduates to adapt to the needs of future social industrial structure and employment market changes, and strive to develop a number of professional technologies with high social reputation in various places. School .
37? Adult education should focus on job training and continuing education. Through the establishment of a modern enterprise education system and vocational qualification certificate system, flexible and diverse forms of schooling can be adopted to enable all types of laid-off and transfer personnel to receive vocational training at different levels and years. Or formal education, serving the reemployment project, and standardizing and institutionalizing it. Actively provide on-the-job training for business management and financial management personnel. Promote cooperation between companies, schools and other government business units. Carry out experimental work in community education, gradually establish and improve a lifelong education system, and strive to improve the quality of the whole people.
According to the development trend of different disciplines, professions and industries, strengthen the continuing education of professional and technical personnel, improve the system of education, examination and use, establish a continuing education fund, and promote the construction of continuing education bases and networks. It is also necessary to strengthen the training and training of civil servants, improve the training mechanism, and build a highly qualified and professional team of state administrative cadres.
38? Increase the intensity of vocational education and adult education system, management system, operational mechanism and reform of the enrollment and employment system. Adapt to the establishment and development of a socialist market economic system, and encourage social forces to organize various forms of vocational education and adult education under the guidance of the government. Vocational education and adult education should take the road of combining production and education, adjust school layout, optimize resource allocation, strengthen entrepreneurship education and professional ethics education, implement a more flexible teaching model, and strive to develop characteristics and better serve the regional economy and Social development services.
Conscientiously implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee, deepen the comprehensive reform of the combination of agricultural science and education and all kinds of education, promote the coordinated development of rural general education, adult education and vocational education, and give full play to the rural education in rural modernization. positive effects. Literacy work should be combined with practical technical training in rural areas to effectively consolidate the effectiveness of literacy and combine literacy with poverty alleviation. In the next 3 to 5 years, graduates or graduates of compulsory education in most rural areas in the country will be able to receive certain forms of vocational and technical training before and after their employment, including “green certificate” training, so that some people can master one or two production and get rich. Practical technology, to adapt to the needs of rural economic and social development and farmers to get rich and run a well-off, in particular to take a variety of education and training forms, to provide adequate and applicable technology and management talents for township enterprises and rural industrial upgrading.
X. Deepen the reform of the school-running system and mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of developing education
39. Conscientiously implement the policy of “active encouragement, strong support, correct guidance, and strengthened management” for the social power to run schools . In the next 3 to 5 years, the government will be the mainstay of the government, and all sectors of society will participate in public schools and private schools. A school system for common development.
It is necessary to formulate preferential policies that are conducive to the absorption of social funds for education and the development of private schools . Teachers and students of private schools enjoy the same treatment as teachers and students of public schools in terms of job title, business training, entrance examinations, and social activities. The state has established a social strength school recognition and reward fund, and commends collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions.
40? Social power running schools should be included in the track of running schools according to law and managing according to law. Social power is not for profit, and encourages the development of scrolling. It is necessary to improve the construction of laws and regulations, enrich the school setting standards, improve the management system, strengthen the school management, strictly enforce financial audits, continuously improve the level of education and management, and encourage existing schools to achieve economies of scale.
To ensure that the educational institutions organized by social forces are self-sponsored, the higher education institutions can recruit students independently for the society, and issue the certificate of completion of non-degree education students according to law. Students can also participate in self-study exams or diploma examinations held by the state. Nationally recognized academic credentials.
41. The reform of the school- running system of public schools should be piloted under the guidance of the government education administrative department. The basic education stage should be combined with the transformation of weak schools . The higher education stage mainly focuses on local colleges and adult colleges and universities, and explores various forms of school-running mode. In promoting the reform of the school-running system, according to education laws and regulations, school property rights must be clarified, state-owned educational facilities must not be used for other purposes, and state-owned and public assets must not be lost.
XI. Guarantee the “three growths” of education funds according to law, and effectively increase the effective investment of education.
42. To implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, we must change the concept of investing in education as a consumer investment. We must effectively regard development education as an infrastructure, and invest in education as a basic investment, and do everything possible to increase investment in education.各級財政要 認真落實已出台的籌措教育經費的各項法律規定和政策，特別是要保證做到《教育法》規定的教育經費的“三個成長”。要按照《教育法》和《中國教育改革和發展綱要》的規定，逐步提高國家財政性教育經費佔國民生 產總值的比例，努力實現4%的目標。
逐步提高中央本級和省級財政支出中教育經費支出所佔的比例。自1998年起，中央本級財政按同口徑每年提高1個百分點，2000年，將此比例提高3個百分點左右，除按原有政策保 留目前每年由中央安排的教育專項外，上述增量部分主要用於振興行動計畫中中央財政支持和資助的項目。同時，各省、自治區、直轄市財政支出中教育經費所佔的比例，也應根據各 地實際每年提高1～2個百分點。
認真貫徹《國務院辦公廳轉發財政部關於進一步做好教育科技經費預算安排和確保教 師工資按時發放通知的通知》的精神，從1998年起，各級財政每年 超收部分和財政預算外收入，應按不低於年初確定的教育經費佔財政支出的比例用於教育。
加強對城、鄉教育費附加的征管工作，以確保足額徵收並由教育行政部門商財政部門統 籌安排使用。積極支持勤工儉學、校辦產業的發展，並對其繼續實行稅收優惠政策。
在中國中國小幼兒教師獎勵基金會的基礎上，建立中華教育發展基金會，多渠道籌集教 育經費。
43?加快高校筒子樓建設和危房的改造，爭取到2000年基本解決高校青年教師住房困難。中央部委所屬高校此項工程所需資金，中央財政予以專項支持，其餘部分由學校及其主管 部門分擔，改造後的筒子樓作為高校的公寓和周轉用房。
44?利用銀行貸款，進一步加快中央部委高校的教職工住房建設。為解決高校教師住房困難、穩定高校教師隊伍，在2000年前建設銀行基礎設施貸款中，安排一部分用於中央部委 所屬高校住房建設，以支持利用學校自用土地，加快新增“經濟適用型”住房，資金不足部分，應多渠道籌措解決。同時，要繼續加強中國小教師的“安居工程”的建設。
45?各級教育部門必須採取各種措施深化教育改革，完善撥款製度，精簡機構和冗員，提高經費使用效益。同時，加強對教育經費的審計與監督。
十二、高舉鄧小平理論的偉大旗幟，加強高等學校黨的建設和思想政治工 作，把高等學校建設成為社會主義精神文明建設的重要陣地
46?高等學校的德育工作要以馬列主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論為指導，按照江澤民同志對全國青年和大學生提出的堅持“學習科學文化與加強思想修養的統一、學習書本知識 與投身社會實踐的統一、實現自身價值與服務祖國人民的統一、樹立遠大理想與進行艱苦奮鬥的統一”的要求，貫徹落實《中共中央關於進一步加強和改進學校德育工作的若幹意見》 ，堅持社會主義辦學方向，完善德育工作體系，教育引導學生堅定政治信念，加強思想修養，樹立遠大理想，投身社會實踐，自覺艱苦奮鬥，立志振興中華，把培養“四有”新人的戰 略任務落到實處。
47?認真組織實施普通高等學校公共馬克思主義理論課和思想品德課 課程設定新方案，加快鄧小平理論“進教材、進課堂、進學生頭腦”工作的步伐，用鄧小平 理論武裝大學生。要加強“兩課”課程體系和教材建設的研究，把理論研究基地建設好。加強“兩課”教師的培訓工作，提高他們的政治和業務水準，提高思想理論教育的實效。
48?加強高等學校中華民族優秀傳統教育和革命傳統教育、人文科學教育和藝術教育，通過增設選修課、舉辦專題講座和各種知識性、文藝性業餘活動等多種方式，提高學生的文化貭素。
49?加強高等學校的哲學社會科學研究。要在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論的指導下，緊密結合國民經濟和社會發展的重大理論和實踐問題組織研究，發揮高等學校 “思想庫”、“人才庫”的優勢。要進一步加大高校哲學社會科學研究的投入，設立理論研究和教學優秀成果獎，提高高等學校哲學社會科學的研究水準和參與重大決策的能力。
加強教育科學研究。要統籌規劃，突出重點，促進研究成果向實際套用的轉化，為教育 巨觀決策科學化、民主化服務，為教育改革和發展的實踐服務，為繁榮教育科學服務。
50?高等學校黨組織要切實加強黨的建設，加強和改進黨對思想政治工作的領導。要在黨委的統一部署下，建立和完善校長及行政系統為主實施的德育管理體製，加強高等學校思想政 治工作隊伍的建設，使高等學校在社會主義精神文明建設，維護生動活潑、安定團結的政治局面中發揮重要作用。
The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the grand goals and tasks of cross-century socialist modernization construction and made a comprehensive plan for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. In order to realize the goals and tasks set by the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, comprehensively promote the reform and development of education, and improve the quality and innovation of the whole nation, this action plan is specially formulated.
In the new era of reform, opening up, and modernization, Comrade Deng Xiaoping repeatedly stressed that to achieve socialist modernization, science and technology is the key, and education is the foundation. At the important moment of the turn of the century, Comrade Jiang Zemin profoundly pointed out that "in today's world, the advancement of science and technology with information technology as the main symbol is changing with each passing day, and the transformation of high-tech achievements into real productivity is getting faster and faster. The knowledge economy that is beginning to show heralds humanity. In the coming 21st century, the knowledge economy with high technology as the core will dominate, and the country's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness will increasingly depend on education development, science and technology. With the level of knowledge innovation, education will always be in a strategic position of priority development. Modern information technology is widely used in education and leads to profound changes in the education system. Lifelong education will be a common requirement of education development and social progress. At present, many governments regard revitalization education as the basic national policy for the new century. These trends indicate that profound changes will take place in the future education. We should prepare for new challenges as soon as possible.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, China’s educational undertakings have made remarkable achievements. The work of popularizing nine-year compulsory education and eradicating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults has made historic progress; vocational education and adult education have developed rapidly; the scale of higher education has steadily expanded; The education system and teaching reform have been gradually deepened, and the conditions for running schools and the quality of education have been improved; the basic structure of the education and law system has taken initial shape, all of which have laid a solid foundation for the revitalization of education in the 21st century. However, the level of education development in China is still low, and the educational structure and system, educational concepts and methods, and talent training models are still unable to meet the needs of modernization. In the current and future period, the lack of creative talents with international leading standards has become one of the main factors restricting China's ability to innovate and compete. Therefore, in line with the requirements of the times, revitalizing China's educational undertakings is an objective need to achieve the goal of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and conscientiously follow Comrade Deng Xiaoping's strategic guiding principle of "education should face modernization, face the world, and face the future", seize opportunities, deepen reform, forge ahead, and push Chinese education full of vigor and vitality to 21 century.
The "Action Plan for Education Revitalization for the 21st Century" is a blueprint for the construction of cross-century education reform and development based on the implementation of the Education Law and the Outline of China's Education Reform and Development. It is necessary to comprehensively plan, highlight key points, seize the key, and focus on implementation.
The main objectives of the action plan are:
By the year 2000, the country will basically popularize nine-year compulsory education, basically eliminate the illiteracy of young and middle-aged adults, vigorously promote the education of vegetarianism; improve the vocational education and training and continuing education system, and the new urban and rural labor force and incumbents can generally accept education at all levels and forms. Training; Active and steady development of higher education, the enrollment rate of higher education reaches 11%; aiming at the goal of the national innovation system, cultivating a group of high-level innovative talents; strengthening scientific research and cultivating high-tech industries in universities to foster economic development New growth points contribute; deepen reform, establish the basic structure of the new education system, and actively adapt to economic and social development.
By 2019, on the basis of fully realizing the "two basics" goal, cities and economically developed regions will systematically popularize high school education. The national population will reach the advanced level of the developing countries; the scale of higher education will be greatly expanded. The enrollment rate is close to 15%. Several universities and a number of key disciplines have entered or approached world-class standards. Basically, a lifelong learning system has been established to provide sufficient talent support and knowledge contribution to the national knowledge innovation system and modernization.
I. Implementing the “Cross-Century Education Project” to improve the national quality
1 The goal of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in 2000 is the “top priority” of the national education work. The "two bases" have entered the stage of tackling the key to ensuring the realization of the national goal. The key and difficult points of universal compulsory education work are in the central and western regions. During the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the “National Compulsory Education Project for Poverty-stricken Areas” will continue to be implemented, with emphasis on mountain areas, pastoral areas and border areas.
Further strengthen education supervision, improve supervision institutions, improve supervision system, and ensure the quality of “two foundations” and the smooth implementation of quality education.
2. Implement the “Cross-Century Education Project”, promote the education of the whole society, and comprehensively improve the national ethos and national innovation ability. Reforming the curriculum system and evaluation system. In 2000, the curriculum framework and curriculum standards for modern basic education were initially formed, the content and teaching methods of education were reformed, a new evaluation system was implemented, teacher training was launched, and experiments on new courses were initiated. After 10 years of experimentation, we will promote the 21st century basic education curriculum textbook system throughout the country.
3. Strengthen and improve the moral education of the school . Continue to strengthen patriotism, team spirit, socialist ideal education, obey the law and social morality education, carry out the education of the Chinese nation's outstanding traditions and revolutionary traditions, implement labor skills education and mental health education, and cultivate students with good moral and healthy psychology. And noble sentiment.
4? Sports and aesthetic education are important components of alchemical education. It is necessary to strengthen sports and aesthetic education. To make students have a strong body. Aesthetic education can not only cultivate students' noble sentiments, but also stimulate students' learning vitality, promote intellectual development, and cultivate students' creative ability. By 2001, through the promulgation of the "Regulations on the Work of School Art Education", deepening the reform of education and equipment, and initially establishing a relatively scientific and rational sports and art education system in large and small China, ensuring the teachers of school sports and art education. Quantity and quality to improve teaching standards.
5? Implementing vegetarian education, we must start from the early childhood stage, use scientific methods to enlighten and develop the intelligence of young children, and cultivate children's healthy physique, good living habits, lively and cheerful personality and desire to seek knowledge.
Pay attention to special education, and strive to provide educational opportunities for the majority of disabled children and young people, and cultivate their self-reliant spirit and ability to survive and develop.
6? Continue to expand the scale of the training of minority students in mainland schools and promote the common improvement of the various ethnic groups. In the basic education stage, we must continue to run the teaching classes for the frontier ethnic minorities in the Mainland and appropriately expand the scale of training. Higher education institutions in the Mainland should make more contributions to the training of outstanding professionals in ethnic minorities. It is necessary to pay attention to strengthening the "bilingual" education and teaching and teacher training in ethnic areas.
7? Establish and improve the legal system for language and writing work, and comprehensively promote the school's language and writing work. All levels of schools, especially Chinese small and normal colleges, should continue to speak Mandarin, write standard words, and improve language and writing skills. The important content of the vegetarian education. Strengthen the management of Chinese language and minority language information processing, and strive to improve the standardization of language and characters in the whole society according to law. By 2019, the basic standardization of writing in the country will be realized, so that the application of Chinese language and characters will be more suitable for the socialist economy. The need for political and cultural development.
Second, the implementation of the "Cross-Century Gardening Project" to greatly improve the faculty of teachers
8? Greatly improve the overall quality of the teaching staff, especially to strengthen the construction of teachers' morality. Within 3 years, all existing primary and secondary school heads and full-time teachers will be trained and continued education in different ways to consolidate and improve the post-study training and certification system for primary and secondary school principals . Strengthen the construction of teaching materials for continuing education for Chinese small teachers. Chinese small-scale full-time teachers and normal school students are required to receive basic computer training. Around 2019, qualified regions strive to upgrade the qualifications of the national and junior high-level teachers to the specialist and university levels. The number of high school full-time teachers and principals in economically developed regions should reach a certain percentage. It is necessary to strengthen and reform teacher education and improve the quality of new teachers. Stronger institutions of higher learning should contribute to the development of new teachers and teacher training.
9? Focus on strengthening the construction of a small backbone of Chinese teachers. In 1999 and 2000, 100,000 junior and vocational school teachers were selected in the country. Through the implementation of the school's teaching reform test, tour lectures, seminars and training, and accepting the training of foreign teachers, we will play the role of the backbone teachers in the local teaching reform.
10? Implement a teacher appointment system and a full-time employment system, strengthen assessment, compete for posts, and optimize the teaching team. Around 2000, it is necessary to optimize the ranks of Chinese small faculty and staff and improve the efficiency of running schools by improving the ratio of students to teachers, laid off, and diverting surplus personnel. At the same time, it is necessary to broaden the channels of teachers' sources, recruit outstanding graduates of non-teaching colleges and universities with teacher qualifications to the society, and improve the structure of the teaching staff. Seriously solve the shortage of small Chinese teachers in remote mountainous areas and poverty-stricken areas. It is necessary to further improve the regular service system for teachers' graduates, to teach college graduates to remote and impoverished rural areas, adopt a regular rotation system, and enjoy the state-stipulated wage-sloping policy. Encourage civil servants at all levels of government agencies to teach in China.
Third, implement the "high-level creative talent project", strengthen the scientific research work of colleges and universities, and actively participate in the construction of the national innovation system
11? Colleges and universities should follow the forefront of international academic development and become a base for knowledge innovation and high-level creative talent training. It is necessary to pay attention to cultivating the spirit of unity, collaboration and dedication of high-level creative talents. It is necessary to attract a group of outstanding academic leaders who can lead the discipline to enter the international advanced level from home and abroad. In accordance with the principle of “choose one to hire one”, the state gives priority funding, and academic leaders have the autonomy to hire and use funds within the scope permitted by national policies.
12? Create a group of young and middle-aged academic talents with world-class standards, so that the knowledge and technology innovation bases of higher education institutions can achieve innovative results as soon as possible. Since 1998, in the key disciplines of national higher education institutions, a number of specially-appointed professors have been set up to openly recruit particularly outstanding young and middle-aged scholars at home and abroad to enter positions, set up special bonuses and encourage local governments and schools to set up corresponding rewards.
13? National colleges and universities select 10,000 key teachers in batches by means of competitive selection, and adopt a combination of state funding and self-financing to enhance scientific research funding support and improve scientific research, teaching quality and equipment and equipment standards.
Establish a research and teaching incentive fund for outstanding young teachers in institutions of higher learning. Since 1999, 100 young teachers who have achieved major scientific research and teaching achievements under the age of 35 have been selected every year for five consecutive years to increase their support for research and teaching.
14? Higher education institutions implement the State Key Laboratory and the Open Laboratory Visiting Scholar System to achieve the open benefits of key disciplines and improve the overall standard of the teaching staff. The state has set up a special fund for laboratory business expenses.
15? Further improve the quality of doctoral students in higher education institutions, and add special doctoral scholarships. Since 1999, we have selected 100 excellent doctoral thesis with innovative standards every year. For doctors who have stayed in colleges and universities after the award, they have supported their research and teaching for five consecutive years. It is necessary to steadily expand the number and scale of post-doctoral mobile stations in higher education institutions.
16? Strengthen international academic exchanges. In addition to continuing to send short-term visiting scholars according to the existing study fund system, the state-funded directors and research institutes and laboratory backbones are selected as senior visiting scholars to conduct targeted training and exchanges at leading foreign universities. Invite well-known overseas scholars, especially professors from world-class universities, as visiting professors at domestic universities to come to China for short-term lectures and research. Various measures must be taken to encourage overseas students to return to China, or to contribute to improving the teaching quality and scientific standards of higher education institutions in China.
Fourth, continue and accelerate the construction of the "211 Project", and vigorously improve the knowledge innovation ability of higher education institutions
17? The "211 Project" launched in 1995, focusing on the construction of a number of institutions of higher learning and a number of disciplines, has laid an important foundation for the cultivation of innovative talents and the construction of a national innovation system. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, it entered the stage of substantive construction. It is necessary to ensure that the first phase of the “211 Project” will be completed in 2000 and the second phase of the project will be launched on this basis to further enhance the knowledge innovation capability and scientific research level of universities.
Funds for the second phase of the “211 Project” project are still funded by the state, department, local and higher education institutions. Among them, the strength of the central special investment part is at least equal to the first phase of the project, mainly used to increase the strength of the key disciplines that have been established. At the same time, strengthen project management and improve the efficiency of capital use.
V. Establishing a number of first-class universities and a number of first-class disciplines with world-class standards
18? Building a world-class university is of great strategic importance. In accordance with the spirit of Comrade Jiang Zemin’s speech at the Peking University Centennial Celebration Conference, “In order to achieve modernization, China must have a number of first-class universities with world-class standards.” After a long period of construction and accumulation, a few universities in China have a few disciplines and high-tech fields. It has reached and is close to the international advanced level, and has a group of high-level professors, especially the high quality of university students, which has created conditions for the establishment of a world-class university.
19? International top universities are formed through long-term construction. The construction of a top-ranking university requires government support and capital investment, but more importantly, the results of hard work of school leaders, teachers, and students over the years. In particular, after graduation, students have recognized their credibility in various construction positions in the country and even internationally. At the same time, this school has a large number of well-known scholars and professors. Therefore, to become a first-class university, we need to have a certain historical process, and we must pass the test of social practice. In this regard, we must have ambition and be down to earth. It is necessary to relatively concentrate the limited financial resources of the country, mobilize various enthusiasm, start with the construction of key disciplines, increase investment, and focus on the construction of a number of higher education institutions and disciplines that are close to and have the conditions to reach international advanced standards. In the next 10 to 20 years, we will strive to enter a world-class standard for a number of universities and a number of key disciplines.
6. Implementing “Modern Distance Education Project” to form an open education network and build a lifelong learning system
20? Modern distance education is a new type of education that has emerged with the development of modern information technology. It is the main means of building a lifelong learning system in the era of knowledge economy. Making full use of modern information technology and implementing the "modern distance education project" on the basis of the original distance education can effectively bring into play the advantages of various existing educational resources, in line with the trend of the development of science and technology education in the world, under the condition of shortage of educational resources in China To implement the strategic measures for major education, we must increase our efforts as an important infrastructure.
21? Based on the existing China Education and Research Network demonstration network and satellite video transmission system, improve the transmission rate of the backbone network, make full use of the existing communication resources of the country, and further expand the transmission capacity and network scale of the China Education and Research Network. In 2000, all colleges and universities in the country and thousands of upper secondary schools entered the network, and they sought computer networks to enter 50,000 college professors. The China Education and Research Network was used to establish an information system for the integration of college students' enrollment, computerized student management, and graduates' long-term employment services.
22? Continue to play the role of satellite TV education in modern distance education, transform the existing radio and television education transmission network, build a central station, and connect with the China Education and Research Network for high-speed connection, and carry out network transformation of some remote schools. In 2000, we strived to make the vast majority of China's rural areas able to watch educational TV programs. It is necessary to use excellent teachers and modern educational methods to run educational TV programs well, focusing on meeting the educational needs of remote areas, islands, mountains, forestry and animal husbandry.
23? Change the backward development and low level of remote education software development and production mode, give play to the government's macro-control role, use the advantages of various types of school education resources, and develop high-quality educational software through competition and market operation mechanism. It is necessary to focus on building a national distance education resource library and several educational software development and production bases. At the same time, pay attention to the introduction of foreign excellent modern distance education software.
24? The Ministry of Education implements centralized management of modern distance education in the country, and is responsible for organizing the formulation and implementation of the national “Development Plan for Modern Distance Education”. The “Modern Distance Education Project” will implement short-term state support and long-term self-reliance development strategies. The use of advanced information technology means, combined with the actual situation in China, constantly improve the standard of modern distance education.
In order to promote the development of modern distance education, the operating costs of modern distance education networks will be preferentially regulated according to international practice, and the tariffs on donated equipment and imported equipment will be reduced or exempted according to the law.
25? Establish and improve the continuing education system to meet the needs of lifelong learning and knowledge renewal. Conditional institutions of higher learning should set up continuing education courses and build a continuing education base. It is necessary to rely on the modern distance education network to set up high-quality online courses, organize the first-class teachers of the country to teach, realize the sharing of educational resources across time and space, and provide a variety of continuing education courses to managers and professionals in various industries. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the self-study examination system for higher education and secondary professional education, and to continuously expand the educational opportunities of members of society.
7. Implementing the “High-tech Industrialization Project of Colleges and Universities” to promote the development of the national high-tech industry and contribute to the cultivation of new economic growth points.
26? Colleges and universities should give full play to their own advantages in national innovation projects, strive to promote knowledge innovation and technological innovation, accelerate technology development, carry out scientific and technological research on key technologies common in economic construction, and transform traditional industries, adjust industrial structure, and strengthen agriculture. Work with rural areas and cultivate new growth points for the country's economic development.
Strengthen cooperation between industry, university and research institutes, and encourage higher education institutions and research institutes to carry out various forms of cooperation and cooperation, complement each other's advantages, and emphasize practical results. Promote the integration of higher education institutions, research institutes and enterprises in technological innovation and the development of high-tech industries. Encourage enterprises to establish demonstration centers for technology integration and diffusion, such as engineering research centers and productivity promotion centers, in higher education institutions, and develop high-tech products. Encourage higher education institutions to transfer technology to enterprises, or use existing small and medium-sized enterprises to set up high-tech enterprises, and explore the all-round cooperation between enterprises and universities from project establishment to production.
27? Forming a high-tech enterprise group around colleges and universities has become a successful experience in the development of knowledge economy. It is necessary to create conditions to establish high-tech industrialization bases around the institutions of higher learning, especially in areas where higher education institutions are concentrated, to develop science and technology parks, to become a window to attract foreign high-tech enterprises and introduce the latest achievements of foreign high-tech enterprises, and to bring into play technology. Develop the role of an "incubator". Strengthen entrepreneurship education for teachers and students, and take measures to encourage them to independently establish high-tech enterprises.
28? The establishment of high-tech enterprises in higher education institutions has promoted the development of high-tech industries, formed new economic growth points, played an important role as a driving force and a source of radiation, and became a practice base for cultivating innovative talents, and also provided new benefits for society. job opportunity. In the future, in accordance with the modern enterprise system, a group of high-tech industrial groups based on colleges and universities should be established.
29? Establish and improve the guarantee mechanism for high-tech industrialization in higher education institutions. The Ministry of Education has established a university science and technology industry development funding agency to fund major science and technology projects with development prospects in universities. Through technology, such as holdings, equity participation and credit, we will focus on supporting science and technology industries and science and technology development activities including universities. At the same time, as soon as possible, a group of intermediaries dedicated to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities will be established. The technical production factors are allowed to participate in the income distribution. The income from the transfer of scientific and technological achievements should be extracted according to the relevant provisions of the state, and distributed to the relevant research and development personnel according to the contribution. It is necessary to study the establishment of venture capital funds, encourage qualified high-tech enterprises to go public, and promote the development of high-tech industries.
8. Implement the Higher Education Law, actively and steadily develop higher education, accelerate the reform of higher education, improve the quality of education and the efficiency of running schools.
30. Effectively implement the provisions of the Higher Education Law on "Higher education should be oriented to the society, self-sponsored by law, and democratic management." In order to enable more high school graduates to have higher education opportunities, according to local needs and funding and the possibility of teachers, under the premise of adopting new mechanisms and models, the total number of undergraduate students in higher education in 2000 will reach 6.6 million people. The increase in the enrollment plan will be mainly used for the development of higher vocational education in the local area, and the scale of graduate students should have a large growth. The enrollment rate of higher education has increased from 9.1% in 1997 to around 11% in 2000. The ratio of students to normal colleges and universities has increased from 10:1 in 1997 to 12:1 in 2000. The average number of students in independent colleges has reached 4,000.
31? Accelerate the pace of reform of the higher education system and deepen the reform of higher education. We will continue to implement the principle of “co-construction, adjustment, cooperation, and merger”. In the next three to five years, we will basically form a two-level management and division of labor at the central and provincial levels. Under the guidance of the national giant policy, we will focus on provincial-level government coordination. The new system of organic integration of the strips. Except for a few universities in which the overall development of the country and the industry are very strong and need to be directly managed by the relevant departments of the state, most other institutions of higher learning are managed by the provincial government or jointly built with the local government. The central government continues to allocate funds to encourage and promote management system reform, and to adjust and optimize the layout of higher education institutions. Encourage and support social forces to run schools.
32. Actively developing higher vocational education is an urgent requirement for improving the national science and technology culture, delaying employment and developing the national economy. For higher vocational education, in addition to reforming, reorganizing and restructuring existing colleges, vocational colleges and independent adult colleges, and selecting some qualified secondary schools to develop higher vocational education, some universities and colleges It is possible to set up a higher vocational and technical college, and basically do not add new ones. Select 30 existing schools to build demonstration vocational and technical colleges. The development of non-degree higher vocational education, mainly for vocational qualification certificate education. It is necessary to gradually study the establishment of an overpass between ordinary higher education and vocational and technical education, allowing graduates of vocational and technical colleges to undergo high-level academic education after passing the examination.
Higher vocational education must face the regional economic construction and social development, adapt to the actual needs of the job market, and cultivate practical talents needed for the first line of production, service, and management, and truly develop characteristics. Actively adapt to the new situation of rural work and agricultural development, and cultivate all kinds of talents needed for rural modernization. It is necessary to gradually pass the responsibility for the enrollment plan, entrance examination and diploma issuance of higher vocational education to the provincial people's governments and schools through the pilot. The provincial people's government, under the guidance of the national giants, is in the higher vocational education in the region. Existing resources are co-ordinated. Accelerate the pace of developing higher vocational education and explore a variety of enrollment methods. A certain percentage of secondary vocational school graduates can enter higher vocational schools . Most ordinary high school graduates should accept various forms of higher vocational education except for entering ordinary higher education institutions. Improve the quality.
33. Intensify the reform of the enrollment and graduate employment system, and plan to promote the reform of the admissions examination system for higher education institutions in a step-by-step manner. It is necessary to proceed from the principle of facilitating the implementation of elementary education in China, the fair selection of qualified personnel in higher education institutions, the expansion of the autonomy of colleges and universities, and the stability of the society, and the pilot reform of the subjects, contents, methods and systems of the joint entrance examinations, and the enhancement of students’ ability and Integrate the assessment components of the element and explore the methods and systems for enrollment, examination and evaluation of higher education institutions suitable for different regions and schools . Carry out a pilot program of higher vocational education, “ schools are self-sponsored for the market, and students are self-employed”. By the year 2000, a relatively complete graduate employment system recommended by the school and relevant departments, students and employers under the guidance of national policies through the two-way selection of the talent and labor market and self-employment will be established. It is necessary to provide financial support to students with special difficulties in various forms to ensure that students who have been admitted to the entrance exam and who are already in school are not allowed to drop out of school due to financial difficulties. The state continues to arrange funds to support the poor students, and the local finance and schools are supporting the corresponding funds. At the same time, we will actively carry out pilot work on a variety of student aid systems, such as college student loans, and explore effective ways to finance students with financial difficulties under the conditions of a socialist market economy.
34? Actively promote the teaching reform of higher education institutions and reform educational ideas, concepts, contents and methods. It is necessary to vigorously promote the reform of the personnel training model for higher professional education, especially to reform the curriculum structure, strengthen the practice teaching base and the construction of the "double-skilled" type of teachers. The education of the university department should broaden the professional caliber and enhance the adaptability. In the next 3 to 5 years, the profession will be adjusted from more than 200 to more than 100. Continue to promote the "Training Contents and Curriculum System Reform Plan for the 21st Century", and build 200 cultural and scientific basic talent training bases, 100 basic course teaching bases, and 20 college students' cultural resources. Become a teaching demonstration base with advanced domestic standards. Actively and steadily develop professional degree graduate education, further improve the professional degree system, and cultivate a large number of high-level applied talents.
35? Vigorously promote the reform of the internal management system of higher education institutions. Gradually implement the appointment system, reduce redundant staff, streamline the staff of colleges and universities, make the ratio of students to faculty and staff, the ratio of students to employees, and the ratio of full-time teachers to employees; accelerate the social reform of school logistics, streamline diversion personnel. The expansion of the enrollment plan of higher education institutions should be linked to the progress of the socialization of school logistics. Select a number of better-performing cities to form a business management university logistics service group company, engaged in student apartment property management and school logistics life services. In the 3 to 5 years, most areas will realize the socialization of university logistics.
9. Actively develop vocational education and adult education, train a large number of high-ranking laborers and middle-level and middle-level talents, and especially increase the intensity of education for agricultural and rural work.
36. According to the Education Law and the Vocational Education Law, efforts should be made to establish a system of pre- and post-employment education and training that is in line with China's national conditions, so that primary, secondary and higher vocational education and training are linked to each other. Education and adult education communicate and coordinate development. Establish a vocational education curriculum reform and textbook construction fund, and implement curriculum reform and textbook construction planning. Relying on ordinary higher education institutions and higher vocational and technical colleges, we will focus on building 50 vocational education teachers and internship instructors to train training bases. Local governments should also strengthen the construction of vocational education teacher training bases.
Continue to implement the diversion of post-secondary education, and actively develop secondary vocational education from the actual situation in various places. The current proportion of vocational education and general education in the national high school should be maintained, and efforts should be made to achieve the goals set forth in the "China Education Reform and Development Program." A very small number of regions that have not yet popularized nine-year compulsory education should provide vocational and technical training for small and medium-sized graduates who cannot enter the country. In areas where the high-school education structure is basically reasonable, the focus of vocational education should be on improving quality and efficiency. . Some regions with more developed economies can develop some integrated high schools and postpone them to the third year of high school. It is necessary to make scientific predictions on the social needs of secondary vocational education. According to the principle of “first training, then post”, various types of new employees are given time-limited and different forms of vocational education and training. Secondary vocational education should reform the professional and curriculum structure, implement a flexible course selection system, improve the quality of training, and enable graduates to adapt to the needs of future social industrial structure and employment market changes, and strive to develop a number of professional technologies with high social reputation in various places. School .
37? Adult education should focus on job training and continuing education. Through the establishment of a modern enterprise education system and vocational qualification certificate system, flexible and diverse forms of schooling can be adopted to enable all types of laid-off and transfer personnel to receive vocational training at different levels and years. Or formal education, serving the reemployment project, and standardizing and institutionalizing it. Actively provide on-the-job training for business management and financial management personnel. Promote cooperation between companies, schools and other government business units. Carry out experimental work in community education, gradually establish and improve a lifelong education system, and strive to improve the quality of the whole people.
According to the development trend of different disciplines, professions and industries, strengthen the continuing education of professional and technical personnel, improve the system of education, examination and use, establish a continuing education fund, and promote the construction of continuing education bases and networks. It is also necessary to strengthen the training and training of civil servants, improve the training mechanism, and build a highly qualified and professional team of state administrative cadres.
38? Increase the intensity of vocational education and adult education system, management system, operational mechanism and reform of the enrollment and employment system. Adapt to the establishment and development of a socialist market economic system, and encourage social forces to organize various forms of vocational education and adult education under the guidance of the government. Vocational education and adult education should take the road of combining production and education, adjust school layout, optimize resource allocation, strengthen entrepreneurship education and professional ethics education, implement a more flexible teaching model, and strive to develop characteristics and better serve the regional economy and Social development services.
Conscientiously implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee, deepen the comprehensive reform of the combination of agricultural science and education and all kinds of education, promote the coordinated development of rural general education, adult education and vocational education, and give full play to the rural education in rural modernization. positive effects. Literacy work should be combined with practical technical training in rural areas to effectively consolidate the effectiveness of literacy and combine literacy with poverty alleviation. In the next 3 to 5 years, graduates or graduates of compulsory education in most rural areas in the country will be able to receive certain forms of vocational and technical training before and after their employment, including “green certificate” training, so that some people can master one or two production and get rich. Practical technology, to adapt to the needs of rural economic and social development and farmers to get rich and run a well-off, in particular to take a variety of education and training forms, to provide adequate and applicable technology and management talents for township enterprises and rural industrial upgrading.
X. Deepen the reform of the school-running system and mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of developing education
39. Conscientiously implement the policy of “active encouragement, strong support, correct guidance, and strengthened management” for the social power to run schools . In the next 3 to 5 years, the government will be the mainstay of the government, and all sectors of society will participate in public schools and private schools. A school system for common development.
It is necessary to formulate preferential policies that are conducive to the absorption of social funds for education and the development of private schools . Teachers and students of private schools enjoy the same treatment as teachers and students of public schools in terms of job title, business training, entrance examinations, and social activities. The state has established a social strength school recognition and reward fund, and commends collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions.
40? Social power running schools should be included in the track of running schools according to law and managing according to law. Social power is not for profit, and encourages the development of scrolling. It is necessary to improve the construction of laws and regulations, enrich the school setting standards, improve the management system, strengthen the school management, strictly enforce financial audits, continuously improve the level of education and management, and encourage existing schools to achieve economies of scale.
To ensure that the educational institutions organized by social forces are self-sponsored, the higher education institutions can recruit students independently for the society, and issue the certificate of completion of non-degree education students according to law. Students can also participate in self-study exams or diploma examinations held by the state. Nationally recognized academic credentials.
41. The reform of the school- running system of public schools should be piloted under the guidance of the government education administrative department. The basic education stage should be combined with the transformation of weak schools . The higher education stage mainly focuses on local colleges and adult colleges and universities, and explores various forms of school-running mode. In promoting the reform of the school-running system, according to education laws and regulations, school property rights must be clarified, state-owned educational facilities must not be used for other purposes, and state-owned and public assets must not be lost.
XI. Guarantee the “three growths” of education funds according to law, and effectively increase the effective investment of education.
42. To implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, we must change the concept of investing in education as a consumer investment. We must effectively regard development education as an infrastructure, and invest in education as a basic investment, and do everything possible to increase investment in education.各級財政要 認真落實已出台的籌措教育經費的各項法律規定和政策，特別是要保證做到《教育法》規定的教育經費的“三個成長”。要按照《教育法》和《中國教育改革和發展綱要》的規定，逐步提高國家財政性教育經費佔國民生 產總值的比例，努力實現4%的目標。
逐步提高中央本級和省級財政支出中教育經費支出所佔的比例。自1998年起，中央本級財政按同口徑每年提高1個百分點，2000年，將此比例提高3個百分點左右，除按原有政策保 留目前每年由中央安排的教育專項外，上述增量部分主要用於振興行動計畫中中央財政支持和資助的項目。同時，各省、自治區、直轄市財政支出中教育經費所佔的比例，也應根據各 地實際每年提高1～2個百分點。
認真貫徹《國務院辦公廳轉發財政部關於進一步做好教育科技經費預算安排和確保教 師工資按時發放通知的通知》的精神，從1998年起，各級財政每年 超收部分和財政預算外收入，應按不低於年初確定的教育經費佔財政支出的比例用於教育。
加強對城、鄉教育費附加的征管工作，以確保足額徵收並由教育行政部門商財政部門統 籌安排使用。積極支持勤工儉學、校辦產業的發展，並對其繼續實行稅收優惠政策。
在中國中國小幼兒教師獎勵基金會的基礎上，建立中華教育發展基金會，多渠道籌集教 育經費。
43?加快高校筒子樓建設和危房的改造，爭取到2000年基本解決高校青年教師住房困難。中央部委所屬高校此項工程所需資金，中央財政予以專項支持，其餘部分由學校及其主管 部門分擔，改造後的筒子樓作為高校的公寓和周轉用房。
44?利用銀行貸款，進一步加快中央部委高校的教職工住房建設。為解決高校教師住房困難、穩定高校教師隊伍，在2000年前建設銀行基礎設施貸款中，安排一部分用於中央部委 所屬高校住房建設，以支持利用學校自用土地，加快新增“經濟適用型”住房，資金不足部分，應多渠道籌措解決。同時，要繼續加強中國小教師的“安居工程”的建設。
45?各級教育部門必須採取各種措施深化教育改革，完善撥款製度，精簡機構和冗員，提高經費使用效益。同時，加強對教育經費的審計與監督。
十二、高舉鄧小平理論的偉大旗幟，加強高等學校黨的建設和思想政治工 作，把高等學校建設成為社會主義精神文明建設的重要陣地
46?高等學校的德育工作要以馬列主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論為指導，按照江澤民同志對全國青年和大學生提出的堅持“學習科學文化與加強思想修養的統一、學習書本知識 與投身社會實踐的統一、實現自身價值與服務祖國人民的統一、樹立遠大理想與進行艱苦奮鬥的統一”的要求，貫徹落實《中共中央關於進一步加強和改進學校德育工作的若幹意見》 ，堅持社會主義辦學方向，完善德育工作體系，教育引導學生堅定政治信念，加強思想修養，樹立遠大理想，投身社會實踐，自覺艱苦奮鬥，立志振興中華，把培養“四有”新人的戰 略任務落到實處。
47?認真組織實施普通高等學校公共馬克思主義理論課和思想品德課 課程設定新方案，加快鄧小平理論“進教材、進課堂、進學生頭腦”工作的步伐，用鄧小平 理論武裝大學生。要加強“兩課”課程體系和教材建設的研究，把理論研究基地建設好。加強“兩課”教師的培訓工作，提高他們的政治和業務水準，提高思想理論教育的實效。
48?加強高等學校中華民族優秀傳統教育和革命傳統教育、人文科學教育和藝術教育，通過增設選修課、舉辦專題講座和各種知識性、文藝性業餘活動等多種方式，提高學生的文化貭素。
49?加強高等學校的哲學社會科學研究。要在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論的指導下，緊密結合國民經濟和社會發展的重大理論和實踐問題組織研究，發揮高等學校 “思想庫”、“人才庫”的優勢。要進一步加大高校哲學社會科學研究的投入，設立理論研究和教學優秀成果獎，提高高等學校哲學社會科學的研究水準和參與重大決策的能力。
加強教育科學研究。要統籌規劃，突出重點，促進研究成果向實際套用的轉化，為教育 巨觀決策科學化、民主化服務，為教育改革和發展的實踐服務，為繁榮教育科學服務。
50?高等學校黨組織要切實加強黨的建設，加強和改進黨對思想政治工作的領導。要在黨委的統一部署下，建立和完善校長及行政系統為主實施的德育管理體製，加強高等學校思想政 治工作隊伍的建設，使高等學校在社會主義精神文明建設，維護生動活潑、安定團結的政治局面中發揮重要作用。
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