[Boutique] Kyoto Agreement

First

For the purposes of this Protocol, the definition contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. In addition:

1. “Conference of the Parties” means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.

2. “Convention” means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted in New York on May 9, 1992.

3. “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988.

4. The Montreal Protocol refers to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on September 16, 1987.

5. “Parties present and voting” means Parties present and voting in favour or against.

6. “Parties” means Parties to this Protocol, unless the context indicates otherwise.

7. “Parties included in Annex A” means Parties included in Annex A of the Convention, including possible amendments, or Parties that have notified under Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Convention.

Second

1. Each Party included in Annex A, in order to promote sustainable development, in achieving its quantified limits and emission reduction commitments, should:

Implement and/or further develop policies and measures based on national circumstances, such as:

Enhance the energy efficiency of relevant sectors of the economy;

Protect and enhance the sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account their commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; practices for promoting sustainable forest management, afforestation and reforestation;

Promote sustainable agricultural practices, taking into account climate change;

Research, promote, develop and increase the use of new and renewable energy, carbon dioxide and carbon sequestration technologies and advanced and innovative technologies that benefit the environment;

Gradually reduce or phase out all market deficiencies, fiscal incentives, tax and tariff exemptions and subsidies that are in violation of the objectives of the Convention, and use market instruments;

Encourage appropriate reforms by relevant authorities to promote policies and measures to limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;

Take measures to limit and/or reduce greenhouse gas emissions not regulated by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;

Limit and/or reduce methane emissions through waste management and recovery and use in the production, transportation and distribution of energy;

In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in cooperation with other such Parties, to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of the policies and measures adopted by them in accordance with this Article. To that end, these Parties should take steps to share their experiences and exchange information on these policies and measures, including efforts to improve the comparability, transparency and effectiveness of such policies and measures. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider ways of facilitating such cooperation, at the first session or thereafter, as soon as practicable, taking into account all relevant information.

2. The Parties included in Annex A shall make efforts through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively, to seek to limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol arising from aviation and marine bunker fuels.

3. The Parties included in Annex A shall endeavour to implement the policies and measures referred to in this Article by minimizing adverse effects, including adverse effects on climate change, impacts on international trade, and other In particular, the social, environmental and economic impacts of Parties in developing countries and those specifically identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, as appropriate, take further action to facilitate the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.

4. If the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol concludes that it is useful to coordinate any of the policies and measures referred to in paragraph 1 above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential impacts, The methods and methods of policies and measures are reviewed.

Article 3

1. The Party included in Annex A shall ensure, individually or collectively, that the total amount of anthropogenic CO2 equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall not exceed its quantified limits and emission reductions as contained in Annex B. Commitments and their assigned amounts, calculated in accordance with the provisions of this Article, to reduce their total emissions of these gases by at least 5% from 1990 levels during the 2008-2019 commitment period.

2. Each Party included in Annex A shall make provable progress in fulfilling its commitments under this Protocol by 2005.

3. Land-use change and forestry activities directly caused by humans since 1990 – limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation, resulting in net changes in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration, as carbon storage for each commitment period Measured in terms of verifiable changes, applied to achieve the commitments of each Party included in Annex A, in accordance with this Article. Emissions of greenhouse gas sources and carbon removal associated with these activities should be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.

4. Prior to the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex A shall provide data for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to determine its 1990 carbon storage and Estimate changes in carbon storage for subsequent years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first meeting or thereafter, as soon as practicable, discharges and sinks of various greenhouse gas sources related to agricultural soils and land-use change and forestry. Decisions on how to remove other activities related to human activities, how to add to or subtract from the assigned amount of the Party included in Annex A, taking into account various uncertainties, Transparency, verifiability of the report, work on the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, advice from the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice under Article V and decisions of the COP. This decision should apply to the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply this decision for these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, but these activities must have taken place since 1990.

5. Its base year or period is a commitment by the Party included in Annex A, which is being established in accordance with decision 9/CP.2 of the second session of the Conference of the Parties to the market economy, to implement its provisions in this article. The base year or period shall prevail. Any other Party included in subsidiary record I, which is transitioning to a market economy but has not submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention, may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Deliberate use of a historical base year or period other than 1990 for the performance of the undertakings provided for in this article. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notifications.

6. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall allow Parties included in the subsidiary archives that are transitioning to a market economy to perform their provisions in addition to this Article. There is a degree of flexibility in commitments beyond those commitments.

7. During the first quantified emission limitation and emission reduction commitment period from 2008 to 2019, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex A shall be equal to the greenhouse gas listed in Annex A to Annex A. The percentage of the total amount of man-made carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in 1990 or the base year or the base period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above is multiplied by 5. Land use change and forestry for those Parties included in the subsidiary archives that constitute the net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990, for the purpose of calculating their assigned amounts, they should be included in the various sources in their 1990 base year or base period. The total amount of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions minus the removal of various sinks resulting from land use change in 1990.

8. Any Party included in Annex A, for the purposes of the calculations referred to in paragraph 7 above, may use 1995 as the base year for its hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.

9. The commitments of Parties included in Annex A to the subsequent period shall be determined in the amendment to Annex B of this Protocol, and such amendments shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall begin consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above.

10. Any emission reduction unit or any portion of an assigned amount obtained by a Party from another Party in accordance with Article 6 or Article 17 shall be included in the assigned amount of the Party to which it is obtained.

11. Any emission reduction unit or any part of an assigned amount transferred by a Party to another Party in accordance with Articles 6 and 17 shall be deducted from the assigned amount of the Party to which it is transferred.

12. Any certified emission reductions obtained by a Party from another Party in accordance with Article 12 shall be credited to the assigned amount of the Party.

13. If a Party included in Annex A is discharged less than its assigned amount under this Article during the commitment period, such difference shall be recorded by the Party at the request of the Party for the subsequent assigned period of the commitment period.

14. Each Party included in Subsidiary Archives shall endeavour to implement the commitments of paragraph 1 above in a manner that minimizes the development of Parties to developing countries, in particular Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. The adverse social, environmental and economic impacts of those Parties specifically identified in the paragraph. In accordance with the relevant decisions of the COP on the implementation of these provisions, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider the necessary actions to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. The impact of the consequences and/or corresponding measures on the Parties referred to in the above clauses. Issues to be considered should include financing, insurance and technology transfer.

Article 4

1. Any Contracting Party listed in Annex A that has entered into an agreement to jointly perform its commitments under Article 3 shall not exceed the subsidiary file B as long as its combined total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A The commitments contained in them based on their quantified limits and reductions in emissions and the assigned amounts calculated in accordance with Article 3 shall be deemed to have fulfilled these commitments. The respective emission levels assigned to each Party to the Agreement shall be stated in the Agreement.

2. Each Party to such an agreement shall notify the Secretariat of the contents of the agreement on the date of their deposit of the ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol or accession to this Protocol. The Secretariat shall then inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the content of the agreement.

3. Any such agreement shall continue to be implemented for the duration of the commitment period referred to in Article 3, paragraph 7.

4. If a Party acts within and with the organization of a regional economic integration organization, any changes to the composition of the organization after the adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Any change in the composition of the organization shall apply only to those commitments under Article 3 that have been adopted following the change.

5. Once the parties to the agreement fail to meet their total combined emission reduction levels, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for its own emission levels as stated in the agreement.

6. If a Party cooperates with and cooperates with a regional economic integration organization that is itself a Party to the Protocol, each member of the regional economic integration organization shall, separately and in accordance with Article 24 If the regional economic integration organization acting fails to meet the total combined emission reduction level, it shall be responsible for the emission level notified in accordance with this Article.

The fifth

1. Each Party included in Annex A shall establish an anthropogenic emission and various sources for estimating the sources of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol no later than one year prior to the start of the first commitment period. The national system of clearing the sink. Guidelines for such national systems that should reflect the methodology referred to in paragraph 2 below shall be decided by the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.

2. Estimate the methodology for anthropogenic emissions and removal of various sinks from all sources of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. If this methodology is not used, appropriate adjustments should be made in accordance with the methodology agreed upon at the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, inter alia, review and, as appropriate, revise these methodologies and make adjustments, based on the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice. At the same time, taking into account any relevant decisions taken by the COP. Any revision or adjustment to the methodology shall be used only to determine compliance with the commitments under Article 3 for any commitment period passed after the amendment.

3. The global warming potential for anthropogenic emissions and removals by sinks from various sources of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and third by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. The parties agreed at the session. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol periodically reviews and, where appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions taken by the COP. Any revision of the global warming potential shall apply only to the commitments under Article 3 of any commitment period adopted after the amendment.

Article 6

1. For the purposes of fulfilling the commitments of Article 3, any Party included in Subsidiary File 1 may transfer to or obtain from any other such Party anthropogenic emissions from any source of economic activity aimed at reducing greenhouse gases or Enhance the emission reduction units generated by various remittances of man-made items, but:

Any such project is subject to approval by the Party concerned;

Any such project shall be capable of reducing emissions from the source or enhancing the removal of sinks, which reduction or enhancement is additional to any other reduction or enhancement that occurs;

Parties that do not comply with their obligations under Articles 5 and 7 will not receive any emission reduction units;

The reduction of emissions units should be complemented by national actions taken to meet the commitments under Article 3.

2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may further develop guidance for the implementation of this Article, including verification and reporting, at its first session or thereafter, as soon as practicable.

3. A Party listed in Annex A may authorize a legal entity to participate in an action under the responsibility of that Party that may result in the creation, transfer or acquisition of emission reduction units under this Article.

4. If, in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 8, it is found that a Party included in the subsidiary file has problems in fulfilling the requirements referred to in this article, the transfer and acquisition of the emission reduction unit may continue after the problem has been identified, but in any compliance issue Before a settlement is resolved, a Party may not use any emission reduction unit to fulfil its commitment under Article 3.

Article 7

1. Each Party included in subsidiary file 1 shall submit its annual anthropogenic emissions and removals by sinks of various sources of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. The list contains additional information that will be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below to ensure compliance with the objectives of Article 3.

2. Each Party included in subsidiary file 1 shall include in its national communications submitted under article 12 of the Convention the necessary supplementary information determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below to demonstrate compliance with this Protocol. The circumstances of the promised.

3. Each Party included in Annex A shall submit the information required by paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first list of the Convention in the first year of the commitment period following its entry into force for this Protocol. Each such Party shall submit the information requested in paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication to be submitted after the entry into force of this Protocol for it and after the adoption of the guidelines in accordance with paragraph 4 below. The frequency of subsequent submission of the information required by this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable decided by the Conference of the Parties to submit a national communication.

4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt, at its first session, and periodically review the guidelines for the preparation of the information requested in this article, taking into account the adoption of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. Guidance for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex A. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also decide on the manner in which the assigned amount is calculated prior to the first commitment period.

eighth

1. National communications submitted by each Party included in Annex A to Article 7 shall be considered by the expert review team in accordance with the relevant decisions of the COP and in accordance with the Parties to the Convention serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The meeting was reviewed in accordance with the guidelines adopted for this purpose in paragraph 4 below. Information submitted by each Party in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 1, of Annex A shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and calculation of the emissions inventory and assigned amounts. In addition, the information submitted by each Party included in subsidiary document I in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 2, shall be reviewed as part of the communication review.

2. The expert review team shall be coordinated by the secretariat in accordance with the guidance provided by the Conference of the Parties for this purpose and selected from among the experts nominated by Parties to the Convention and, where appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations. Member composition.

3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment of all aspects of a Party's implementation of this Protocol. The expert review team shall prepare a report to be submitted to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Protocol, assessing the Party’s performance of its commitments and indicating any potential problems in achieving its commitments and affecting the achievement of commitments. a variety of factors. Such reports should be distributed by the Secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. The Secretariat shall set out any implementation issues identified in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.

4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, adopt and periodically review the guidelines for the review of the implementation of this Protocol by expert review teams, taking into account Relevant decisions of the COP.

5. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall consider the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice:

Information submitted by Parties in accordance with Article 7 and reports of expert reviews conducted in accordance with this Article;

The implementation issues identified by the Secretariat in accordance with paragraph 3 above, as well as any issues raised by Parties.

6. In accordance with the consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall make decisions on the implementation of this Protocol for any matter.

Article 9

1. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impact, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. .

These reviews should be coordinated with those relevant reviews required under the Convention, in particular Article 4, paragraph 2, and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention. On the basis of these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action.

2. The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, and further reviews shall be conducted on a regular basis and in a timely manner.

Article 10

All Parties, in view of their common but differentiated responsibilities and their particular national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, do not introduce any new commitments to Parties not included in Annex II, but reaffirm Where existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention continue to contribute to the fulfilment of these commitments for sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention,:

Develop, where relevant and where possible, programmes of cost-effective countries and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models that reflect the socio-economic situation of each Party a list of countries that prepare and regularly update anthropogenic emissions and removals by sinks of various sources of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using a comparable methodology to be agreed upon by the COP, and The guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the COP are consistent;

Develop, implement, publish and regularly update programmes containing countries that are mitigating climate change measures and measures that are conducive to full adaptation to climate change, and, where appropriate, regional programmes:

Such programmes will, inter alia, involve the energy, transport and industrial sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. In addition, adaptation technologies and methods aimed at improving regional planning can also improve adaptation to climate change;

Parties included in Annex A shall submit information on actions taken under this Protocol, including country programmes, in accordance with Article 7; other Parties shall endeavour to include in their national communications, as appropriate, Information on climate change and its adverse impacts, including programmes to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and enhance programmes for clearing, capacity-building and adaptation measures;

Cooperation promotes effective ways to develop, apply and disseminate environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes related to climate change, and takes all practical steps to promote, facilitate and, where appropriate, fund such technologies, know-how, The practices and processes are specifically transferred to or provided to developing countries, including the development of policies and programmes to facilitate the effective transfer of publicly or publicly-owned environmentally sound technologies and to create an enabling environment for the private sector to promote and enhance transfers and Get environmentally friendly technologies;

d) Collaboration in scientific and technological research to promote the maintenance and development of systematic observing systems and the development of databases to reduce the uncertainties associated with the climate system, the adverse effects of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various coping strategies, And promote the development and strengthening of national capacities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention;

Cooperation at the international level and, where appropriate, the use of existing institutions to promote the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including strengthening national capacity-building, in particular by strengthening talent and institutional capacity, exchanging or deploying personnel training, especially in developing countries Experts and promote public awareness and public access to information on climate change at the national level. The implementation of these activities through relevant bodies of the Convention should be developed in an appropriate manner, taking into account Article 6 of the Convention;

In accordance with the relevant decisions of the COP, the inclusion of programmes and activities under this Article in national communications;

In the implementation of the commitments under this article, full consideration is given to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.

Article 11

1. In the implementation of Article X, Parties shall take into account the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, of the Convention.

2. In the context of the implementation of article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with article 4, paragraph 3, and article 11 of the Convention, and through entities entrusted with the financial mechanism of the Convention, the Convention Developed country Parties and other developed Parties listed in Annex II shall:

Provision of new and additional funds to cover all costs incurred by the agreed developing countries in promoting the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention referred to in Article X;

And provide the funds required by developing country Parties, including funds for technology transfer, to cover the ongoing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, as agreed upon in Article X. The total incremental cost agreed by the country Party and the international entity referred to in Article 11 of the Convention in accordance with that Article.

The performance of these existing commitments should take into account the need for adequate and predictable financial flows and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. Guidance in the relevant decisions of the COP to entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, including those agreed upon prior to the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.

3. Developed country Parties and other developed Parties listed in Annex II of the Convention may also provide funds for the implementation of Article X through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels and by developing country Parties.

Article 12

1. A clean development mechanism is hereby established.

2. The purpose of the CDM is to assist Parties not included in Annex I to achieve sustainable development and to benefit the Convention's ultimate goal, and to assist Parties included in Annex A to achieve compliance with Article 3 Limitations and commitments to reduce emissions.

3. According to the Clean Development Mechanism:

Parties not included in Annex II will benefit from project activities that generate proven emission reductions;

Parties included in Annex A Parties may use the proven emission reductions obtained through such project activities to promote compliance with their quantified limits under Article 3 as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. And part of the commitment to reduce emissions.

4. The CDM shall be placed under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and shall be overseen by the Executive Board of the CDM.

5. The emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by the operational entity designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol on the following basis:

Voluntary participation with the approval of each Party concerned;

Practical, measurable and long-term benefits associated with mitigating climate change;

Reducing emissions is additional to any reduction in emissions that can occur without proven project activities.

6. If necessary, the CDM should assist in arranging the financing of proven project activities.

7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall develop modalities and procedures at its first session with a view to ensuring transparency, efficiency and reliability through independent audit and verification of project activities.

8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that part of the proceeds from the proven project activities are used to cover administrative expenses and to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to pay for adaptation. cost.

9. Participation in the CDM, including activities referred to in paragraph 3 above and participation in proven emission reductions, may include private and/or public entities and may be subject to the possibility of the CDM Executive Board. Any guidance.

10. Proven emission reductions obtained during the period from 2000 to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist compliance during the first commitment period.

Article 13

1. The supreme body of the Convention of the Parties to the Convention shall serve as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.

2. A Party to the Convention that is not a Party to this Protocol may participate as an observer in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by Parties to this Protocol.

3. When the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol functions, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties serving as a Party to the Convention but not a Party to this Protocol at that time shall be contracted by this Protocol. The other party elected by the Parties to this Protocol is replaced.

4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review the performance of this Protocol and shall, within its mandate, make the decisions necessary to facilitate the effective implementation of this Protocol. The Conference of the Parties shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:

Based on all information provided to it under the provisions of this Protocol, assessing the Party's implementation of this Protocol and the overall impact of measures taken under this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social impacts and their cumulative impact, and The extent of progress in the objectives of the Convention;

Periodic review of the obligations of Parties under this Protocol, in accordance with the objectives of the Convention, the experience gained in implementation and the development of scientific and technical knowledge, with due regard to Article 4, paragraph 2, and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention. Any review requested and, in this regard, consider and adopt a periodic report on the implementation of this Protocol;

Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures taken by Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differentiated circumstances, responsibilities and capacities of Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;

Facilitate the coordination of measures taken by these Parties to address climate change and its impact, at the request of two or more Parties;

In accordance with the objectives of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, taking into account relevant decisions of the COP, promoting and guiding development and regular improvement, as agreed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, A comparable methodology for the effective implementation of this Protocol;

Make recommendations necessary for the implementation of this Protocol on any matter;

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 11, seek to mobilize additional funds;

Establish a subsidiary body deemed necessary to implement this Protocol;

Seek and utilize, as appropriate, the services, cooperation and information provided by competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations;

Exercise other functions required to implement this Protocol and consider any tasks resulting from decisions of the COP.

5. The rules of procedure of the COP and the financial rules adopted in accordance with the provisions of the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, unless the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may make a decision.

6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties to be held following the entry into force of this Protocol. The ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held annually and in conjunction with the ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.

7. The special session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other time as the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Convention, as deemed necessary, or at the request of any Party. Held, but must be supported by at least one third of the Parties within six months of the Secretariat’s transfer of the request to the Parties.

8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as their member States or observers that are not Parties to the Convention, may be represented as observers at the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Session. Any group or body that is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, is notified by the Secretariat that it is willing to send representatives as observers to the Convention as a meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. A session of the Conference may be accepted unless at least one third of the Parties present are opposed. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure referred to in paragraph 5 above.

Article 14

1. The Secretariat established under Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol.

2. Article VIII, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the Secretariat and Article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Convention on the functions of the Secretariat shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The Secretariat should also exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.

Article 15

1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions of the Convention concerning the functions of the two bodies shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention.

2. A Party to the Convention that is not a Party to this Protocol may participate as an observer in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary body. When a subsidiary body is a subsidiary body to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by the Parties to this Protocol.

3. When the subsidiary bodies established by articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions in dealing with matters relating to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the subsidiary body that represents a Party to the Convention but is not a Party to this Protocol at the time And shall be replaced by another member selected by the Parties to this Protocol from among the Parties to this Protocol.

Article 16

The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, in the light of the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, consider, as soon as practicable, apply to this Protocol and, as appropriate, modify Article 13 of the Convention. Multilateral negotiation program. The operation of any multilateral negotiating procedure applicable to this Protocol shall not impair the procedures and mechanisms established under Article 18.

Article 17

The COP should establish relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines for emissions trading, in particular its verification, reporting and responsibility. Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purpose of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3.

Any such trade should be complementary to national actions taken to achieve the quantified limits and emission reduction commitments set forth in the article.

Article 18

The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, adopt appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms for the continuation and processing of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including An illustrative list, taking into account the cause, category, extent and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedure or mechanism that may have binding consequences under this Article shall be adopted by way of an amendment to this Protocol.

Article 19

The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.

Article 20

1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.

2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at the ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Any amendments to this Protocol shall be sent by the Secretariat to the Parties at least six months prior to the meeting at which the amendment is proposed. The Secretariat shall also transmit the proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and forward them to the depositary for information.

3. Each Party shall make every effort to reach an agreement on any amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts have been made to achieve consensus but no agreement has been reached, as a last resort, the amendment should be adopted by a three-fourths majority of the Parties present and voting. The amendments adopted shall be sent by the Secretariat to the depositary, who shall forward them to all Parties for their acceptance.

4. The instrument of acceptance of the amendment shall be deposited with the depositary and the amendments adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall be accepted on the ninetieth day after the date on which the depositary receives the instrument of acceptance of at least three quarters of the Parties to this Protocol. The Party to the amendment enters into force.

5. For any other Party, the amendment shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which the Party deposited its instrument of acceptance of the amendment with the depositary.

Article 21

1. The subsidiary file of this Protocol shall form an integral part of this Protocol and, unless expressly provided otherwise, any reference to it shall be referred to at the same time. Any subsidiary files adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be limited to lists, forms and any other explanatory material of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative nature.

2. Any Party may propose a subsidiary file for this Protocol and may propose amendments to the subsidiary file of this Protocol.

3. The subsidiary files of this Protocol and amendments to the subsidiary files of this Protocol shall be adopted at the regular sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any ancillary files or amendments to the ancillary files proposed shall be sent by the secretariat to the Parties at least six months before the meeting at which the proposed annex or amendment to the subsidiary files is proposed. The Secretariat shall also transmit to the Parties and signatories of any subsidiary files or any amendments to the subsidiary files submitted to the depositary for information.

4. Each Party shall make every effort to reach an agreement by consensus on any subsidiary files filed or amendments to the subsidiary files. If all efforts have been made to seek consensus, but no agreement has been reached, as a last resort, the subsidiary file or amendments to the subsidiary file shall be adopted by a three-fourths majority of the Parties present and voting. Subsidiary files adopted or amendments to the ancillary files shall be sent by the Secretariat to the depositary and then sent by the depositary to all Parties for their acceptance.

5. In addition to the subsidiary file A and the subsidiary file B, the subsidiary files or amendments to the subsidiary files adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall be issued by the depositary to all Parties to this Protocol for the adoption of the subsidiary file. Or in force for all Contracting Parties after six months from the date of notification of the amendment to the subsidiary file, except for those Parties who have notified the depositary in writing during this period that they do not accept the subsidiary file or amendments to the subsidiary file. For withdrawal of a Party that does not accept notification,

The subsidiary file or amendment to the subsidiary file shall take effect on the ninetieth day after the date on which the depositary receives the notice of withdrawal.

6. If the adoption of an ancillary file or an amendment to an ancillary file involves an amendment to this Protocol, the subsidiary file or amendment to the subsidiary file shall not enter into force until the amendment to this Protocol enters into force.

7. Amendments to Annex A and Subsidiary B of this Protocol shall be adopted and entered into force in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 20, but any amendments to Annex B shall be adopted only in the manner agreed by the Party concerned.

Article 22

1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided in paragraph 2 below.

2. The regional economic integration organization shall exercise the same number of votes as the number of its member States that are Parties to this Protocol in matters within its mandate. If any member of such an organization exercises its own voting rights, the organization may not exercise its voting rights and vice versa.

Article 23

The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the depositary of this Protocol.

Article 24

1. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the Convention. This Protocol shall be open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from March 16, 1998 to March 15, 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day following the signing deadline. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the depositary.

2. Any regional economic integration organization that is a Party to this Protocol and whose member States are not Parties shall be bound by the obligations of this Protocol. If one or more of the Member States of such an organization is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its Member States shall determine their respective responsibilities in fulfilling their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and its member states are not entitled to exercise the rights provided for in this Protocol at the same time.

3. The regional economic integration organization shall declare its licensing rights in matters specified in this Protocol in its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. These organizations shall also notify the depositary of any material changes to their scope of authority and the depositary shall notify the Parties.

Article 25

1. This Protocol shall be included in not less than fifty-five Parties to the Convention, including its associated carbon dioxide emissions, which account for at least 55% of the total CO2 emissions of the Parties included in Annex A in 1990. The ninth day after the date on which the Party has deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

2. For the purposes of this Article, “Total CO2 Emissions by Parties included in Subsidiary Files 1990” means the Party included in Annex A on or before the adoption of this Protocol, in which it submitted under Article 12 of the Convention. The number notified in the first national communication.

3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this Protocol after the conditions of entry into force set out in paragraph 1 above have been met, this Protocol shall be submitted from its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Effective on the ninth day after the date of deposit.

4. For the purposes of this article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be considered as an additional instrument other than the instrument deposited by the member States of that organization.

Article 26

No reservations may be made to this Protocol.

Article 27

1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.

2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiration of one year from the date of receipt of the notification of withdrawal by the Depositary or on the date of the change as stated in the notification of withdrawal.

3. Any Party withdrawing from the Convention shall be deemed to have also withdrawn from this Protocol.

Article 28

The original of this Protocol shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and its Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts shall be equally authentic.

Booked in Kyoto on December 11, 1997