Writing of English titles and English abstracts of academic papers

English title and English abstract are important components of academic and technical scientific journals. They are a bridge and medium for international communication, academic exchange and cooperation, and have special significance and role. Good English titles and English abstracts play an important role in increasing the opportunities for journals and papers to be searched and cited, attracting readers, and expanding their influence. In order to help readers write English titles and English abstracts, this paper summarizes the basic requirements and precautions of English titles and English abstracts to provide readers with reference and guidance.

First, the title of the paper

1. The basic requirements for the writing of English title should be concise, specific and exact. It can summarize the main purpose of the article, conform to the relevant principles of preparing bibliography, indexing and retrieval and help to select keywords and classification numbers. The Chinese title usually does not exceed 20 Chinese characters, and if necessary, the secondary title can be added. Non-publicly known abbreviations, characters, codes, and structural formulas and formulas should be avoided in the title. The first letter of the English title and the first letter of each real word should be capitalized.
2. Notes on writing English title In addition to the above basic requirements, we should also pay attention to the following questions when writing English titles.
The structure of the English title. The English title uses the phrase as the main form, especially the noun phrase is the most common, that is, the title is basically composed of one or several nouns plus its preposition and postposition. Phrase-type titles should be determined with good central words, and then modified before and after, pay attention to the correct word order, adjectives should be closely adjacent to the nouns they modify.
The articles in the English title have a simplified trend, and any articles that are not available can be used. The first word at the beginning of an English title must not use the, and, an and a.
The uppercase and lowercase of the English title has the following three formats: all letters are capitalized; the first letter of each word is capitalized, but the articles, conjunctions, and prepositions below 3 or 4 are all lowercase; the first letter of the first word of the title is capitalized. The rest are lowercase.
The consistency of Chinese and English titles. In the same paper, the English title and the Chinese title should be consistent, but it does not mean that the words should be one-to-one. In many cases, individual non-substantive words may be omitted or changed.
In short, the wording of the title is very important, it is directly related to the reader's attitude towards the article, and the words must be considered.

Second, the abstract

1. The summary of the definition of the abstract is also called summary and executive summary. Abstract is the highly concentrated subject of the thesis. It should be able to refine the main points of the thesis, concisely describe the content and scope of the paper, and briefly summarize and summarize it. The abstract allows the reader to understand the main content of the paper as soon as possible, to supplement the inadequacy of the title, and to facilitate the construction and maintenance of the scientific and technical information retrieval database.
2. The basic requirements and precautions for abstract writing should not simply repeat the information already in the title. Do not write the content appearing in the introduction into the abstract. Do not copy the text of the subtitle or the conclusion of the paper in the main body of the paper, or the paper. The content is interpreted and evaluated.
Try to use textual narratives, do not list the data in the text in the abstract; the text should be concise, should exclude the content that has become common sense in the subject area, should delete the meaningless or unnecessary words; the content should not be expanded to explain the explanation, do not enumerate the illustration , do not introduce the research process.
The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main content and viewpoints described in the paper should not be omitted. It should be written as a short essay that can be used independently.
Abstracts are generally not segmented, and should not be written. The statement should be objective, and it is not appropriate to make a subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and results, and it should not be compared with other people's research.
Use a third person. It is suggested that the nature of the document and the subject of the document should be indicated by means of “research on...”, “reported...the status quo”, “investigation...investigation”, and it is not necessary to use “this article” or “author” as the subject.

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