Thesis and Logic: The Logic of Essay Writing

I. Papers and Logic

A graduation thesis, like other articles, should be the unification of content and form. Content refers to topics and materials, and forms refer to logical structures and linguistic expressions. Although the content of the paper is decisive, the form of the paper is not negative or passive, and in fact plays an important role. We know that when people want to think, they must use concepts such as concept, judgment, and reasoning. These forms of thinking are not only the means used by humans to reflect objective reality, but also the basic materials for constructing papers. Only by mastering these forms of thinking and their related logical requirements can we write a graduation thesis with logical color. Therefore, in the process of writing a thesis, we should abide by the basic laws of logic and consciously apply these basic laws throughout the various aspects of writing and the whole paper. Specifically,

Then pay attention to the following questions:

First, the content of the paper is in line with objective reality and can be convincing.

Second, the concept is clear, the judgment is appropriate, and the reasoning is coherent.

Third, the content of the paper is closely related, and the whole paper forms a unified whole.

From the actual situation of college students, because they have a solid professional basic knowledge, they can use professional basic knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems, and they have specialized in formal logic and basically mastered the knowledge of logic. Therefore, we are here. Focus on the close relationship between the content of the paper, the whole paper forms a logical problem such as a unified whole. In the logic of graduation thesis, the logical connection between the content of the thesis occupies an important position. It is not only the concrete expression of the author's logical connection, but also the concrete manifestation of the logical connection of the objective things discussed by the author. It plays an important role in enhancing the logical effect and persuasiveness of the thesis.

Second, the logical structure between the content of the paper

The logical connection between the papers, that is, the whole thing and the relationship between the parts and the parts of the affairs reflected in the paper, is basically a vertical logical connection and a horizontal logical connection, and the two are always intertwined. They are represented in the logical structure of the thesis: vertical structure, horizontal structure, and combined structure.

1. Vertical structure.

The so-called vertical logical connection refers to the logical order between the general argument, the sub-an argument and the small argument, and the logical order between the argument points and the small arguments. The vertical logical connection between the content of the thesis is embodied in the vertical structure of the thesis, which is characterized by the vertical development of the ideology of the thesis. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "When writing an article, we must talk about logic. It is to pay attention to the whole article. The structure of the whole speech, there must be a relationship between the beginning, the middle, and the tail. There must be an internal connection, not to conflict with each other." Only the content of the paper should be properly handled. The vertical logical connection can make the paper have a rigorous structure.

In order to elaborate the general argument, a paper should list several points of argument, each of which expands into one part, and there should be an intrinsic connection between each part. Each sub-thesis is divided into several small arguments, each of which expands into a paragraph, and there should be an intrinsic connection between the various arguments. In this way, the vertical logical connection of the whole paper is reflected, and the complete system and rigorous structure of the paper are formed accordingly.

2. Horizontal structure.

The so-called horizontal logical connection refers to the logical connection between arguments and arguments, viewpoints and materials. The horizontal logical connection between the content of the paper is embodied in the horizontal structure of the paper. In a paper, only the general arguments exist purely as arguments or viewpoints, while the arguments and arguments have dual “identities”, either as arguments or viewpoints, or as arguments and materials. As for the materials used to explain the small arguments, there can only be a "identity" of materials or arguments. The paper needs to be very persuasive. The most important thing is that the arguments are clear, the arguments are sufficient, the arguments are strict, and the inevitable connection between arguments and arguments is revealed. First of all, only by combining the general arguments and materials organically, the thesis has vitality and can receive good results. Secondly, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between the arguments and the materials, and even the relationship between the arguments and the materials. This can not only directly prove the arguments or arguments, but also indirectly serve the general arguments.

3. Combined structure.

The logical connection between the content of the thesis is interspersed vertically and horizontally. The concrete performance is the vertical and horizontal structure of the paper, which is referred to as the combined structure. Some of the papers of this structure are mainly in the vertical direction, and some are mainly in the horizontal direction.

Third, the use of logical methods

To correctly handle the logical connection between the content of the thesis and enhance the logical power of the thesis, we must learn to use the logical thinking method. The logical thinking method is a whole. It consists of a series of methods that are both distinct and related, including: methods of induction and deduction, methods of analysis and synthesis, from concrete to abstract and from abstract to specific. Method, logic and historical unity. The logical thinking method is not only the method of content arrangement and logical argumentation in the writing of the thesis, but more importantly, the method of scientific research.

1. The method of induction and deduction.

Induction is a method of individual to general thinking, that is, a general conclusion is drawn from a number of individual cases, or a number of individual judgments are used as arguments to prove an argument or topic. Inductive methods must be applied to find the general nature or law of things from factual materials. It is a logical method that we often use when writing a thesis. For example, when we summed up the experience and lessons of China's economic construction, we saw that in the mid and early half of the 1950s, we paid attention to the economic law and the economy developed steadily. In the early 1960s, we paid attention to the economic law and the economy was quickly restored. And development; since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, we have adopted a series of policies and measures that are in line with the actual situation, and the economy has begun to recover and develop healthily. Thus, we conclude that only when we act according to economic laws, can our economy be developed.

Contrary to induction, it is a general-to-individual way of thinking, that is, using a general theory of known as an argument to prove an individual argument. For example, we use theory to guide investigations and research, and even use a sentence from a classic writer to demonstrate a point of view. This method is used.

2. Analytical and integrated approach.

Analysis is the way of thinking that decomposes things into individual attributes, parts and aspects, and separately studies and expresses them. Synthesis is a way of thinking that combines the various attributes, parts and aspects that have been decomposed into research and expression. In the process of writing graduation thesis, both research and presentation arguments, as well as research and expression points, often use analytical and integrated methods. For example: Comrade Mao Zedong's "Analysis of the Classes of Chinese Society". At the beginning, the question is raised first. The primary problem of the revolution is to distinguish between the enemy, the friend, and the friend. In the middle, analyze the various classes that make up the whole of Chinese society. At the end, combine the above points, solve the problem, and answer the enemy of the Chinese revolution proposed at the beginning. Friends problem.

3. From concrete to abstract and from abstract to concrete.

From concrete to abstract, it is based on the concrete appearance of social and economic phenomena, through analysis and research, to form abstract concepts and categories of thinking. From abstraction to concreteness, it is a method of thinking that reproduces the overall socio-economic relationship in theory from the abstract category to the specific category. In the process of writing a thesis, in general, it is also necessary to use the method from concrete to abstract and abstract to specific, that is, on the basis of possession of data, through analysis and research, to find arguments in the mind, in general in the mind. Form the system of the thesis, and then part of the paper will be written in order from the abstraction to the specific order. Of course, some papers do not necessarily adopt this method.

4. A unified approach to logic and history.

The rise from abstraction to concrete methods is the logical approach. The so-called historical method is a method expressed in accordance with the historical process of the development of things. The development of logic is a theoretical reproduction of the historical development process. However, it is rare for a paper to use a combination of logic and historical methods in general, and it is often used in economic monographs and textbooks as a whole. It should be pointed out that the above various logical methods are the concrete manifestations of materialist dialectics in the thinking process. In the process of writing a thesis, it is often necessary to use it comprehensively.