The idea of ​​writing academic papers

Ideas and requirements for planning ideas

1 . The idea is to expand around the theme

In order to make the papers clear and well-organized, it is necessary to have a full text through the whole text. This is the theme of the paper. The theme is the essence of an academic paper, which is an academic insight that reflects the author's academic views. The impact of the paper on the reader is mainly achieved by its theme. Therefore, before writing a thesis, the idea of ​​planning should focus on the theme and conceive to serve the theme. As the French painter Miller said: "The so-called concept refers to the art of passing one's thoughts to others." It can be seen that this article is very important.

2 . To conceive the layout of the paper, we must strive for the integrity of the structure.

When conceiving a paper, sometimes it is found that it needs to be written in chronological order, and sometimes it needs to be written in the order of geographical location, but more needs to be written in a logical relationship, that is, it is required to conform to the internal relationship and law of objective things. , in line with the logic of scientific research and understanding of things. But no matter what the situation, it should be reasonable, coherent and complete. Sometimes, there are several writing schemes in mind, which requires comparison. In the comparison, as the thinking deepens, the writing ideas will go through a process from complex to simple, from a thousand to a clear clue. At this time, we should seize the opportunity of the epiphany in a timely manner, and follow the spirit of the ancients to "should be determined and must be determined" to determine a better plan.

3 . To be a reader

Write and publish any technical article, the ultimate purpose of which is to let others read it. Therefore, when designing, it is required to do "the reader in the heart" and make more readers' analysis. With a clear readership, we can effectively develop ideas and successfully determine the perspectives of ideas, materials, and expressions. Generally speaking, readers can be divided into professional readers, non-professional readers, supervisors or heads of scientific and technological work agencies, etc. People have different requirements for scientific and technical articles and evaluation criteria. For academic papers, the readers are readers of peers. Therefore, the concept should be considered from the perspective of satisfying professional needs and development, determine the choice of materials and depth and breadth of expression, and clarify the focus of the paper. If a paper contains several topics of different importance, the author should distinguish between the primary and secondary, and consider how to transition from the secondary topic to the main topic to attract the interest of professional readers.

How to improve your ability to think

It is hard to imagine that an author with unclear thinking will write a well-organized and well-defined paper. Therefore, the important problem is to train thinking ability through writing practice, the thinking ability is improved, and the ability to conceive a thesis will be improved.

Before the formal writing of academic papers, it is necessary to formulate an outline, which can greatly help the author to exercise ideas and improve the ability to conceive. This method is one of the effective methods proved by long-term practice. According to the data, the world's first scientific and technical personnel who plan to make an outline and then write according to the outline account for about 95% of the total.

The role of the writing outline, specifically, the following:

1 . The writing outline, similar to a blueprint for construction, can help the author to outline the framework or outline of the whole paper, reflecting his initial conception after the digestion of materials and logical thinking. What can be written first and then written What, how to express consistency before and after, where is the focus, where to make some comments or explanations. According to this plan writing, the papers can be clearly leveled, and the content is consistent and consistent.

2 . In the drafting of an outline, it is only necessary to use some simple sentences or even words and phrases to prompt them. The material unit and the corresponding organization of the organization are sequenced, and the workload is not large, and it is easy to do. When the outline is written, it will come from the whole. It's like turning a kaleidoscope, and as soon as you turn it slightly, a new pattern appears. The same is true of the adjustment of the outline. It should be said that it is much easier to adjust the high-speed outline than to write the humanities without a plan.

The sentences used to prompt writing in the outline can sometimes be used to make the title of the passage. It can be seen that through the formulation of the writing outline, the structure of the paper can be determined, and the whole thesis can form a unified and complete theoretical system.

3 . The outline of the outline was written by many authors who worked with busy authors and co-authors. The former, because of busy work, and sometimes interrupt the writing process, can use the outline tips to help you immediately restore the original ideas when rewriting; the latter can help the co-authors to divide and coordinate according to the outline, avoiding the Repeat and omission.

[example]

Thesis: Influence of foundation stiffness on stress of arch dam body

I. Introduction

1 . Introduce the location and shape of the arch dam

2 . Introduce the geological features of the dam site

3 . Prompt local defects in the dam foundation

Four different homogeneous mold-changing foundations were extracted to calculate the stress of the dam.

Second, the influence of foundation stiffness on beam and arch load

The effects of the three foundation conditions on the beam and arch load are analyzed.

Uniform ground λ value

1 . Give the expression of λ.

2 . Draw a graph of the effect of "different variable-mode uniform foundation on beam and arch load".

3 . Provide "the main geometry table of the '86 type' arch dam".

Argument: The effect of λ variation on the arch end load is much smaller than that of the arch crown.

Influence of stiffness of asymmetric foundation on both sides

1 . Draw a graph of the influence of the asymmetric foundation stiffness on the beam and arch load on the left and right banks.

2 . Analyze the graphical results.

Local low modulus

1 . Three graphs are drawn for the left and right ends and the crown.

2 . Analyze the graphical results.

The above three parts are summarized [targeting, one-to-one correspondence to explain the degree of influence].

Third, the impact of foundation stiffness on the dam body reset

1 . Uniform foundation.

2 . Asymmetrical foundations on both sides.

3 . The effect of local foundation stiffness reduction.

Fourth, the influence of foundation stiffness on the stress of the dam

1 . The effect of the change in λ value on the dam stress in the case of a uniform foundation.

2 . Asymmetry between the two sides.

3 . The effect of local deformation of the foundation.

V. Conclusion

1 . According to the analysis of the influence of the change of λ value, it is pointed out that in the design of arch dam, a certain overhang is needed at the bottom to reduce the stress caused by water pressure at the bottom by the weight of the dam.

2 . For stiffness, it is pointed out that structural asymmetry compensates for the asymmetry of the foundation stiffness.

3 . Although there is a weak zone of rock, it is limited to the vicinity of the boundary and does not change the stress distribution of the entire arch dam.

It is important to note that the influence of foundation deformation on the stress of the dam is significant, and its value must be taken seriously.

Argument should be strict

Argumentation is the method and process of using arguments to prove arguments. The argument should be rigorous and logical so that the article can be convincing. From the overall situation of the article, the author asks questions, analyzes problems and solves problems, conforms to the laws of objective things, conforms to people's understanding of objective things, and makes people's logic programs and cognitive programs unified, and the whole article forms a logical whole. From a local point of view, for the analysis of a certain problem, the interpretation of a certain phenomenon should reflect a more complete process of concept, judgment, and reasoning.

Graduation thesis is based on logical thinking. It appeals to the understanding of the use of scientific language. It reflects the nature or law of things through concepts, judgments, and inferences. It is known from the unknown. All kinds of graduation thesis adopt this. a form of thinking. Social science papers often use known facts and take the form of inductive reasoning to obtain an understanding of the unknown. To make the arguments rigorous and logical, we must do the following: Conceptual judgment is accurate, which is the premise of logical reasoning; It is necessary to clarify the process of understanding the objective things in a hierarchical and orderly way; to take the theory as the key point, the combination of the virtual and the real, reflecting From "real" to "virtual", from "things" to "reasons", from the perceptual knowledge to the leap of rational understanding.

In addition, writing a thesis should also pay attention to the clarity and standardization of the style. Academic papers, survey reports, popular science books, feasibility reports, and publicity outlines all have their own characteristics, and they cannot be mixed with each other in writing methods.