How to write a report
I. The meaning and function of the opening report The opening report is the project plan submitted by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research after the project direction is determined. It mainly explains that this topic should be studied, whether it is conditional for research and how to prepare for research, or it can be said to be the argumentation and design of the subject. The opening report is an important part of improving the quality and level of the topic.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research project that the researcher has developed before the research is officially established. It preliminarily specifies the specific contents and steps of various aspects of the research. The research program plays a key role in the smooth development of the entire research work, especially for those with less research experience, a good solution can prevent us from starting, or do not know what to do next after a period of time. What is the case, ensuring that the entire research work is carried out in an orderly manner. It can be said that the level of research programs is an important reflection of the quality and level of a topic.
Second, write the basic work of the research plan should be done to write a good research plan on the one hand to understand their basic structure and writing, but "the result is to learn poetry, kung fu outside the poem", write a good report and research plan is still important Do a lot of basic work. First of all, we need to understand the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental characteristic of research work is to be creative and familiar with other people's research in this area. We will not be able to study many and mature situations. Next, repeat the path that others have walked, and stand on the basis of other people’s research, and engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study. Second, we must master the basic theoretical knowledge related to our subject, and the theoretical foundation is solid. Research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical foundation, it is difficult for you to study deep into it, and it is difficult to have real creation. Therefore, when we conduct scientific research, we must collect information in many ways and strengthen theoretical study so that when we write reports and programs, we can be more confident, and the reports and programs that are formulated can be more scientific and perfect.
Third, the research project structure and writing research project mainly includes the following aspects:
The name of the project name is the name of the project. This seems to be a small problem, but in fact, many people write the name of the subject, often write inaccurate and inappropriate, thus affecting the image and quality of the entire subject. This is what people usually say, "only children will be born, they will not name." So how do you name the subject?
First, the name should be accurate and standardized.
Accuracy is the name of the subject. What is the problem of the research topic? What is the object of the research? The name of the subject must be consistent with the content of the research. It should not be too big or too small. It is necessary to accurately study your research. The objects and problems are summarized.
The norm is that the words and sentence patterns used should be standardized and scientific, and the plausible words cannot be used. The slogan and conclusion sentence patterns should not be used. Because we are doing scientific research, we must express our thoughts and opinions in a scientific, normative language. The subject is the problem we have to solve. This issue is being explored. It is starting to study and cannot be conclusive.
Second, the name should be concise and not too long.
No matter the paper or the subject, the name can't be too long. If you can't use the word, try not to use it. Generally, don't exceed 20 words. In this school report form, I see the name is relatively simple, I will not say more.
The purpose and significance of the research of the subject research is why it is worth studying and studying it. This can generally be discussed from the perspective of actual needs. It points out that there is such a problem in reality, and it needs to be studied and solved. What is the practical effect of the research of this topic? Then, the theoretical and academic value of the topic will be written. These must be written in a specific way, targeted, and can not be slogan slogan. Don't write all the general slogans that adhere to the party's educational policy, implement quality education, and improve the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) The relevant background of the research: that is, based on what and what inspired. (2) By analyzing the actual situation of education and teaching in the locality, it is pointed out why the subject should be studied, the value of research, and the problem to be solved.
The history and current status of the research at home and abroad.
There should be some specifications, and if it is a small topic, it can be omitted. Generally speaking, it should: master the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; find problems to be further studied, and thus determine the platform, research characteristics or breakthrough points of this research. Refer to the general report.
The guiding ideology of the subject research is what direction should be adhered to in the giant view, what requirements are met, etc. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, government development planning, or guidance on research issues. Sexual opinions, etc. For the topic of a relatively large scope and a long time, everyone has a clear guiding ideology in the general aspect, which can avoid some directional errors in theoretical research. Here, I will introduce to you a paragraph in the guiding ideology of the topic written by Mr. He in the research project of "Foshan Education Modernization Process": "This research should be based on the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the state, and based on the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government. Decided that, according to the decision of the Foshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, combined with the national conditions, the market situation and the reality of Foshan's education reform and development, ... strive to reveal the law and expression of the process of education modernization in Foshan City, and serve the practice of education modernization in Foshan City. In addition, there is also a reference for the research and experimental program of the key subject of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" of the Guangdong Education and Scientific Research, "Subject Teaching and Quality Education". The guiding ideology of the project reads: "Insist on Marxism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Guided by the theory, starting from the "two transformations" in China's economic field and the basic requirements for basic education in our province in 2019, we will carry out all-round research on the theoretical and practical issues of implementing quality education in China's small-disciplinary teaching. Reforming experimental and theoretical research, effectively guiding the majority of Chinese teachers to in-depth teaching reform in subject teaching, comprehensively implementing the education policy, comprehensively improving the quality of education, thereby promoting the development of basic education in our province and contributing to the establishment of Guangdong as a strong province of education. ".
The goal of the research of the target research of the subject research is also the specific purpose to be achieved at the end of the project. What specific problems should be solved, that is, the predetermined goals to be achieved in this research: the target orientation of the research of this topic, and the key issues to be determined when determining the target The words should be accurate, concise, and clear. Relative to the purpose and guiding ideology, the research objectives are more specific, can not be said in general terms, and must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific, can we know what the specific direction of the work is, and then know what the research focus is, and the ideas will not be disturbed by various factors.
Common problems are: not writing research goals; target deduction is not tight; target words are not accurate; goals are set too high, and no research or research is possible on the intended goals. When determining the research objectives of the project, on the one hand, we must consider the requirements of the project itself, and on the other hand, consider the actual working conditions and work levels of the research team.
The basic content of the subject research We have the research objectives of the subject, we must determine the specific content of our research according to the goal, relative to the research objectives, the research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, they are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determine the content of the research, we often do not consider it very specific. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of the research are taken as research content, which is very unfavorable for our entire research. Therefore, we must learn to break down the subject and do it little by little.
The basic content generally includes: (1) the definition of the title of the subject. Three points should be made as clear as possible: the object of the study, the problem of the study, and the method of the study. (2) The definition of theories, nouns, terms, and concepts related to this topic.
Method of research
1. This topic studies whether to set sub-topics. Each sub-topic must have a certain relative independence, but also form a subject system. As a provincial and municipal issue, it is best to set up sub-topics. Form a school-wide research project.
2. The specific research methods can be selected from the following: observation method, investigation method, experimental method, experience summarization method, case method, comparative research method, literature data method, etc. If you want to study the current situation of students' practical ability, they must be inseparable from the survey method; to study how to optimize the personality of primary school students should use the experimental method; to study how to train young teachers can use the experience summary method; to study the educational countermeasures of problem family students Case law and so on.
3. Describe the “how to do” and “how to do” when determining the research method. If you want to use the survey method, you should explain the purpose, task, object, scope, survey method, design or source of the questionnaire. It is best to attach the survey plan.
4. Promote the use of comprehensive research methods. A large subject often requires multiple methods, and a small subject may be mainly a method, but other methods are also used.
When applying various methods, we must strictly follow the requirements of the method, and we must do it by experience and common sense. For example, we have to investigate and understand the situation. How do we formulate a questionnaire and how to conduct an analysis? It is not a casual form to make a table. It is enough to do some percentages and averages.
Highlight the action research method.
The steps of the subject research The steps of the subject research are the arrangement of the subject research in time and order. The steps of the research should fully consider the interrelationship and difficulty level of the research content. Under normal circumstances, it starts from the basic problem and is carried out in stages. The time from each time to the end of each stage must be stipulated. The main steps and time schedule of the research include: the stages of the whole research, the start and stop time of each stage, the research objectives and tasks to be completed in each stage, the main research steps of each stage, and the schedule of the research work of this semester. Wait.
The form of the results of the research The purpose of this topic is to study what form of phase research results are to be achieved and to end the research results. There are many forms, such as survey reports, experimental reports, research reports, papers, experience summaries, survey scales, test scales, computer software, instructional design, videotapes, etc., among which survey reports, research reports, and papers are the main research results. The form of expression. Different topics, the content and form of research results are different, but regardless of the form, the research of the subject must have results. Otherwise, this topic will not be completed.
In the program, the organizational structure and personnel division of the project should be written by the team leader, deputy leader, team members, and division of labor. The leader of the research team is the person in charge of this topic. A research group should include three people, one is the right to the right, the second is the person of insight, and the third is the person with lofty ideals. If you have the right to the subject, you can get more support. If you know the quality and level of the subject, you will have a higher level. If you are interested, you can not be afraid of hard work and do it in a down-to-earth manner. The division of labor of the research team must be clear and reasonable, and strive to let everyone understand their work and responsibilities, not to eat big pots. However, on the basis of the division of labor, we must also pay attention to the cooperation of all personnel, and we will jointly study and discuss together to overcome various difficulties and problems in the research process.
Other related issues or safeguard mechanisms such as the activity time of the Task Force;
Learn what theory and knowledge, how to learn, what training to take or participate in;
How to ensure the normal conduct of research work;
Source and fund raising of the project;
How to get support from relevant leaders and expert guidance;
How to communicate with peers outside the school.
Fourth, pay attention to three points:
1. Learn to collect and obtain information. Everything is learned.
2, to learn more, learn more. Brainstorming and opening eyes.
3. Innovation. Going high and looking more creative.
The research plan is the work plan of the whole research project that the researcher has developed before the research is officially established. It preliminarily specifies the specific contents and steps of various aspects of the research. The research program plays a key role in the smooth development of the entire research work, especially for those with less research experience, a good solution can prevent us from starting, or do not know what to do next after a period of time. What is the case, ensuring that the entire research work is carried out in an orderly manner. It can be said that the level of research programs is an important reflection of the quality and level of a topic.
Second, write the basic work of the research plan should be done to write a good research plan on the one hand to understand their basic structure and writing, but "the result is to learn poetry, kung fu outside the poem", write a good report and research plan is still important Do a lot of basic work. First of all, we need to understand the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental characteristic of research work is to be creative and familiar with other people's research in this area. We will not be able to study many and mature situations. Next, repeat the path that others have walked, and stand on the basis of other people’s research, and engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study. Second, we must master the basic theoretical knowledge related to our subject, and the theoretical foundation is solid. Research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical foundation, it is difficult for you to study deep into it, and it is difficult to have real creation. Therefore, when we conduct scientific research, we must collect information in many ways and strengthen theoretical study so that when we write reports and programs, we can be more confident, and the reports and programs that are formulated can be more scientific and perfect.
Third, the research project structure and writing research project mainly includes the following aspects:
The name of the project name is the name of the project. This seems to be a small problem, but in fact, many people write the name of the subject, often write inaccurate and inappropriate, thus affecting the image and quality of the entire subject. This is what people usually say, "only children will be born, they will not name." So how do you name the subject?
First, the name should be accurate and standardized.
Accuracy is the name of the subject. What is the problem of the research topic? What is the object of the research? The name of the subject must be consistent with the content of the research. It should not be too big or too small. It is necessary to accurately study your research. The objects and problems are summarized.
The norm is that the words and sentence patterns used should be standardized and scientific, and the plausible words cannot be used. The slogan and conclusion sentence patterns should not be used. Because we are doing scientific research, we must express our thoughts and opinions in a scientific, normative language. The subject is the problem we have to solve. This issue is being explored. It is starting to study and cannot be conclusive.
Second, the name should be concise and not too long.
No matter the paper or the subject, the name can't be too long. If you can't use the word, try not to use it. Generally, don't exceed 20 words. In this school report form, I see the name is relatively simple, I will not say more.
The purpose and significance of the research of the subject research is why it is worth studying and studying it. This can generally be discussed from the perspective of actual needs. It points out that there is such a problem in reality, and it needs to be studied and solved. What is the practical effect of the research of this topic? Then, the theoretical and academic value of the topic will be written. These must be written in a specific way, targeted, and can not be slogan slogan. Don't write all the general slogans that adhere to the party's educational policy, implement quality education, and improve the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) The relevant background of the research: that is, based on what and what inspired. (2) By analyzing the actual situation of education and teaching in the locality, it is pointed out why the subject should be studied, the value of research, and the problem to be solved.
The history and current status of the research at home and abroad.
There should be some specifications, and if it is a small topic, it can be omitted. Generally speaking, it should: master the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; find problems to be further studied, and thus determine the platform, research characteristics or breakthrough points of this research. Refer to the general report.
The guiding ideology of the subject research is what direction should be adhered to in the giant view, what requirements are met, etc. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, government development planning, or guidance on research issues. Sexual opinions, etc. For the topic of a relatively large scope and a long time, everyone has a clear guiding ideology in the general aspect, which can avoid some directional errors in theoretical research. Here, I will introduce to you a paragraph in the guiding ideology of the topic written by Mr. He in the research project of "Foshan Education Modernization Process": "This research should be based on the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the state, and based on the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government. Decided that, according to the decision of the Foshan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, combined with the national conditions, the market situation and the reality of Foshan's education reform and development, ... strive to reveal the law and expression of the process of education modernization in Foshan City, and serve the practice of education modernization in Foshan City. In addition, there is also a reference for the research and experimental program of the key subject of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" of the Guangdong Education and Scientific Research, "Subject Teaching and Quality Education". The guiding ideology of the project reads: "Insist on Marxism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Guided by the theory, starting from the "two transformations" in China's economic field and the basic requirements for basic education in our province in 2019, we will carry out all-round research on the theoretical and practical issues of implementing quality education in China's small-disciplinary teaching. Reforming experimental and theoretical research, effectively guiding the majority of Chinese teachers to in-depth teaching reform in subject teaching, comprehensively implementing the education policy, comprehensively improving the quality of education, thereby promoting the development of basic education in our province and contributing to the establishment of Guangdong as a strong province of education. ".
The goal of the research of the target research of the subject research is also the specific purpose to be achieved at the end of the project. What specific problems should be solved, that is, the predetermined goals to be achieved in this research: the target orientation of the research of this topic, and the key issues to be determined when determining the target The words should be accurate, concise, and clear. Relative to the purpose and guiding ideology, the research objectives are more specific, can not be said in general terms, and must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific, can we know what the specific direction of the work is, and then know what the research focus is, and the ideas will not be disturbed by various factors.
Common problems are: not writing research goals; target deduction is not tight; target words are not accurate; goals are set too high, and no research or research is possible on the intended goals. When determining the research objectives of the project, on the one hand, we must consider the requirements of the project itself, and on the other hand, consider the actual working conditions and work levels of the research team.
The basic content of the subject research We have the research objectives of the subject, we must determine the specific content of our research according to the goal, relative to the research objectives, the research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, they are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determine the content of the research, we often do not consider it very specific. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of the research are taken as research content, which is very unfavorable for our entire research. Therefore, we must learn to break down the subject and do it little by little.
The basic content generally includes: (1) the definition of the title of the subject. Three points should be made as clear as possible: the object of the study, the problem of the study, and the method of the study. (2) The definition of theories, nouns, terms, and concepts related to this topic.
Method of research
1. This topic studies whether to set sub-topics. Each sub-topic must have a certain relative independence, but also form a subject system. As a provincial and municipal issue, it is best to set up sub-topics. Form a school-wide research project.
2. The specific research methods can be selected from the following: observation method, investigation method, experimental method, experience summarization method, case method, comparative research method, literature data method, etc. If you want to study the current situation of students' practical ability, they must be inseparable from the survey method; to study how to optimize the personality of primary school students should use the experimental method; to study how to train young teachers can use the experience summary method; to study the educational countermeasures of problem family students Case law and so on.
3. Describe the “how to do” and “how to do” when determining the research method. If you want to use the survey method, you should explain the purpose, task, object, scope, survey method, design or source of the questionnaire. It is best to attach the survey plan.
4. Promote the use of comprehensive research methods. A large subject often requires multiple methods, and a small subject may be mainly a method, but other methods are also used.
When applying various methods, we must strictly follow the requirements of the method, and we must do it by experience and common sense. For example, we have to investigate and understand the situation. How do we formulate a questionnaire and how to conduct an analysis? It is not a casual form to make a table. It is enough to do some percentages and averages.
Highlight the action research method.
The steps of the subject research The steps of the subject research are the arrangement of the subject research in time and order. The steps of the research should fully consider the interrelationship and difficulty level of the research content. Under normal circumstances, it starts from the basic problem and is carried out in stages. The time from each time to the end of each stage must be stipulated. The main steps and time schedule of the research include: the stages of the whole research, the start and stop time of each stage, the research objectives and tasks to be completed in each stage, the main research steps of each stage, and the schedule of the research work of this semester. Wait.
The form of the results of the research The purpose of this topic is to study what form of phase research results are to be achieved and to end the research results. There are many forms, such as survey reports, experimental reports, research reports, papers, experience summaries, survey scales, test scales, computer software, instructional design, videotapes, etc., among which survey reports, research reports, and papers are the main research results. The form of expression. Different topics, the content and form of research results are different, but regardless of the form, the research of the subject must have results. Otherwise, this topic will not be completed.
In the program, the organizational structure and personnel division of the project should be written by the team leader, deputy leader, team members, and division of labor. The leader of the research team is the person in charge of this topic. A research group should include three people, one is the right to the right, the second is the person of insight, and the third is the person with lofty ideals. If you have the right to the subject, you can get more support. If you know the quality and level of the subject, you will have a higher level. If you are interested, you can not be afraid of hard work and do it in a down-to-earth manner. The division of labor of the research team must be clear and reasonable, and strive to let everyone understand their work and responsibilities, not to eat big pots. However, on the basis of the division of labor, we must also pay attention to the cooperation of all personnel, and we will jointly study and discuss together to overcome various difficulties and problems in the research process.
Other related issues or safeguard mechanisms such as the activity time of the Task Force;
Learn what theory and knowledge, how to learn, what training to take or participate in;
How to ensure the normal conduct of research work;
Source and fund raising of the project;
How to get support from relevant leaders and expert guidance;
How to communicate with peers outside the school.
Fourth, pay attention to three points:
1. Learn to collect and obtain information. Everything is learned.
2, to learn more, learn more. Brainstorming and opening eyes.
3. Innovation. Going high and looking more creative.
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