Medical paper writing format

The scientific research paper is the author's scientific thinking 'after the summary of the scientific research results obtained through scientific practice', the argumentative articles written according to the arguments and arguments. An excellent paper requires both rich content, novelty, and scientific strength, and it must be theoretical and practical, and the words are fluent and clear. The writing format of scientific research papers generally includes the following contents: 1 title; 2 author; 3 abstract; 4 keywords; 5 introduction; 6 text; 7 thanks; 8 references. In order to make the writing of the paper more standardized and formatted, the requirements for writing these eight items and the issues to be noted are described below.

1. The title of the topic is the most important and first part of the article 'should be able to attract readers' and give people the most concise tips.

1. It should be as simple and clear as possible and closely related to the theme of the article. It is necessary to highlight the original and distinctive content of the paper, so that it can play a finishing touch to enlighten the reader's interest.

2. The number of words should not be too much'. Generally, it should not exceed 20 words.

3. Try to avoid the use of chemical structure, mathematical formulas or symbols, abbreviations, abbreviations and trade names that are not familiar to the peers. Try not to use punctuation in the title.

4. If necessary, use the subtitle to make additional explanations. The subtitle should be written in parentheses or dashes under the title.

5. If the article belongs to the “funded project” project, you can add a commentary in the upper right corner of the question and write the corner and its content at the footnote.

6. In order to facilitate external communication 'should be accompanied by English title' All letters are capitalized and placed below the Chinese abstract and keywords.

2. The author's signature is an essential part of the paper' to reflect the actual situation.

1. The author should be the author of the paper's refers to those who are directly involved in all or part of the main work 'substantial contribution to the research' and who are responsible for the content and academic issues of the paper.

2. The research work is mainly designed by individual people. The name of the co-authored papers should be arranged according to the order of contribution of the paper work; the student's graduation thesis should indicate the name and title of the instructor. The author's name should give the full name.

3. The next line of the author should indicate the work unit where he is located and the zip code.

4. In order to facilitate understanding and communication, the author's detailed address, telephone, fax and e-mail address should be attached to the final of the paper.

Abstract summary is a brief, concise and coherent restatement of the main content of scientific research papers. It is necessary to express the new and most distinctive content of the paper itself.

1. There are two kinds of concrete writing methods: “structured abstract” and “unstructured abstract”. The former is generally divided into four columns: purpose, method, result and conclusion, which stipulates about 250 words; the latter does not divide the column to specify no more than 150 words. At present, most medical and pharmaceutical journals in China use “structured abstracts”.

2. The abstract is independent and complete, and the results require the listing of key data and statistical significance.

3. Generally write in the third person's tone, avoid using "this article", "we", "this study", etc. as the beginning of the abstract.

4. Keyword keywords are also called index words 'mainly for indexing of library and information workers'. Also for readers to consult the required papers through keywords.

1. A keyword is a word or term selected from the paper to indicate the subject matter of the full text. It is required to use the normative words listed in the Medical Thesaurus as much as possible.

2. The keyword generally selects 3 to 8 words' and labels the English keywords corresponding to Chinese one by one. There should be spaces between each word to distinguish them.

3. The keyword is usually located after the summary, before the introduction.

Fives. The introduction of the introduction as the beginning of the paper's role as a program, mainly answering the question "why to study".

1. The content of the introduction mainly introduces the research background, purpose and scope of the paper'. It briefly explains the significance of the research topic and the predecessors' opinions and academic viewpoints. 'The achievements and the author's intention and analysis basis' include the problems to be solved by the thesis, Research scope and technical solutions.

2. The introduction should be concise and 赅 'Do not equate to the abstract or the abstract of the abstract. If more specialized terms or abbreviations are used in the body, it is best to define the description in the introduction first.

3. The number of words is generally less than 300 words.

6. The main body of the text is the main body of the research paper's materials, methods, results, and discussion. 'Some parts of which need to be subtitled' to make the level clearer.

1. Materials and materials are the material basis of scientific research. It is necessary to specify the research objects, pharmaceutical reagents, instruments and equipment.

In the case of animal experiments, the name, type, strain, grade, quantity, sex, age, weight, health status, grouping method, number of cases in each group, etc. of the experimental animals should be stated in the materials; Explain the number of cases, gender, age, occupation, case type, symptoms and signs, diagnostic criteria, grouping methods, treatment measures, clinical observation indicators and efficacy judgment criteria.

Explain the source, batch number, preparation method, etc. of the test drug. The Chinese medicine should indicate the scientific name and source. The crude extract should indicate the content of the effective part or component and the preliminary quality standard. If the author is self-extracted, the extraction process should be briefly described. .

Indicate the production unit, name, model, main parameters and precision of the main equipment.

Indicate the name, composition, batch number, purity, dosage, production unit, date of manufacture, and preparation method of the main drug and reagent.

2. method

It is only necessary to specify the source of the literature by using the method already reported, and it is not necessary to elaborate on the process; if it is a creative method, it is necessary to detail the innovation, so that the reader can repeat the verification according to this; if it is improved on the conventional method, Specifically describe the improvement and the reasons for the improvement'. Also indicate the source of the original law.

The control method for the variable conditions of the experimental conditions should be described in detail' to show the reliability and accuracy of the results.

In the experimental research paper, a negative control group and a positive drug control group should be established. The former generally uses a solvent as a control, and the latter uses a recognized and effective drug to verify the reliability of the experimental method.

In the pharmacodynamic and toxicological studies, three dose groups of high, medium and low are usually set to reflect the dose-effect relationship of the drug.

The experimental design should take into account that each group has a sufficient number of samples to meet the needs of statistical processing. Generally speaking, small animals are at least 8 to 10 in each group, and large animals are at least 4 to 6 in each group. At the same time, the statistical method of data processing should be explained. The statistical processing results are generally expressed in three grades of p>0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.01.

3. Results The test results are the core part of the paper 'this part requires the analysis and generalization of the various data obtained in the study' and the statistically processed results are expressed in the form of words or graphs.

form

1 The form design should be clear, concise and standardized. In addition to the column head and the body, each table also has a table order and a table title 'the table title and the table sequence are written in the middle'. In the text, it is necessary to explicitly mention the table x.

2 The table with the text 'General should be listed below the natural paragraph of the "See Table x" text.

3 forms generally use a three-line table.

4 The title should be self-evident. If the data in the table are expressed by “mean±standard deviation”, please note it after the table title; if the number of cases in each group in the table is equal, then the notes are unified after the table title. If the number of cases is not equal, add another column. , respectively, the number of cases in each group; if the unit of measurement in the table is consistent 'can be written after the table', if the inconsistency should be written separately under each column' without brackets.

5 The number of digits in the upper and lower rows of the Arabic numerals in the table is aligned. 'Undiscovered data is indicated by '-'. 'Untested or not indicated by blank'. The measured result is zero with "0".

illustration

1 The diagram includes schematic diagrams, graphs, photographs, and the like.

2 Figure requires a moderate size ratio 'thickness and uniformity' digital clarity' photo black and white contrast. As with the table, you should also put the 'foresight text' with the text.

3 Each picture must have a sequence and a picture title 'usually written below the figure. The title of the figure should be self-evident.

The results should be respected when dealing with the facts. The data in the results is required to be accurate, complete, and reliable. At the same time, care should be taken not to ignore accidental phenomena and data.

The results of clinical efficacy studies of drugs should pay attention to all the information related to drugs, such as efficacy, side effects and precautions.

4. Discussion and discussion is the logical extension of the result. It is the synthesis, judgment and reasoning of the whole text 'from the sensibility to the rational understanding process'. The author also makes full use of his own knowledge of the field 'the practice of contacting this subject' to propose new insights and clarifications. New points of view.

The discussion should start from the result of 'tightening the title' and should not be digressed. Specifically, the results observed in this experiment 'analyze its theoretical and practical significance' can confirm the correctness of the hypothesis 'to find out the inherent laws in the results' and the results of their past or other authors and their theoretical interpretation Compare 'analyze similarities and differences and their possible causes' to present new insights based on your own or reference to other people's materials.

In the discussion, we should use the idea of ​​splitting into two to correctly analyze and evaluate the possible shortcomings and lessons in our work. For example, whether there are limitations in the methods used in this study, etc., and propose possible future research directions and possible application of the results. The idea's often inspired the reader's ideas.

Longer discussion 'should be written by sub-project' Each project should focus on one central content' and title it. The central content of the discussion should echo the various parts of the text, especially the results section. The data in the above sections should not be repeated in the discussion.

In order to reflect the objectivity of the discussion, the third person tone is generally used in writing.

Discussion should not be written into a literature review, and should not simply repeat the results of the experiment, but theoretically selectively analyze, compare, interpret, and reason the research results 'to the main problem', especially the innovation and uniqueness of this research. Play and propose a new hypothesis' to reveal the issues to be further studied and the future research directions.

7. Acknowledgements Anyone who does not have the above-mentioned author qualification 'but who has given guidance or assistance to this research' should be thankful, but the name of the person must be obtained with the consent of the thank you. Acknowledgments are generally made in separate paragraphs 'after the text.

Eight. References References require that the most important documents read by the authors, including published publications, patents, and other relevant archives, should not be included in the internal lectures and unpublished works.

1. The reference documents listed in the paper generally do not exceed 10 articles. The summary does not exceed 30 articles.

2. In-text labeling method: When the bibliography is in the order of the citations in the text, the serial number of the author's full text is directly numbered. The serial number of the document is placed in the square bracket in the upper right corner of the author's last name.

3. When the serial number of the document is used as the direct complement of the text, 'should be side by side with the number of the same text'. Such as: Experimental methods are reported in the literature [2] or according to the literature [2].

4. Description format

Magazine: Serial number. Author 'Article name, publication name' Year, volume, starting page number. Such as: Liu Kang 'Zi Hui' Li Shaoping. Comparison of three rat osteoporosis models. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis '1998' 4:13~18

Book: Serial number, title, edition, place of publication, publisher's publication year, starting page number. Such as: Xu Shuyun, Ru Ruzhen, Chen Xiu editor. The third edition of pharmacological experimental methodology Beijing People's Health Publishing House XX: 911 ~ 916

5. Description rules

Author: three or less than three were all written out 'and separated by a comma' more than three before writing the names of three people 'after adding "other" or "etal". The collective author has to write the full name.

Title: Chinese full name 'Foreign abbreviations can be in accordance with the format of the American medical index "indermedicus".

Version: The first edition is not marked with 'Other editions are recorded in Arabic. Such as "2nd Edition" - "2nd".