How to use the reference book
The reference books include Chinese dictionaries, English-Chinese dictionaries, Chinese-English dictionaries, title books, atlases, manuals, encyclopedias, statistical materials, and CDs.
The reference book generally has the following characteristics.
First, the information received is authoritized. For example, in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, more than 50,000 entries, including words, words, phrases, idioms, and idioms, are one of the most authoritative Chinese reference books.
Second, the information received is intensive. A reference book in one aspect is often the most concentrated expression of information in this area. For example, "The Middle School Chemistry Classical Problem Analysis Dictionary" received more than 1,600 questions, and the relevant questions were almost "one net."
Again, the information received is ordered. One of the reasons why the reference book is called "tool" is that it is convenient to retrieve. For example, "The basic knowledge of physics and chemistry in high school is available for examination", whether it is graded or sub-disciplined, it can be obtained at one time and is very convenient.
Of course, the reference book also has its inherent inadequacies. This mainly reflects that the content is often lagging behind, the period of writing the book is long, and it is not easy to revise it once. Therefore, the content is somewhat lagging and understandable. When students are using, be sure to look for the latest version and pay attention to whether there are any new or revised versions.
The reference book is arranged according to a certain method. For the compiler, this is the arrangement method. For the user, this is the inspection method, and the two are collectively called the inspection method. To use the tool correctly, you must master its main troubleshooting methods. The main troubleshooting methods for the reference book are as follows:
According to the word order method, there are form method, sequence method, number method, time series method and ground order method. The main methods of checking by content are taxonomy and subject matter.
Formal order method: The order method is a method of ordering the Chinese characters according to their physical structure and using the identity of their shapes. It can be summarized into three cases: (1) is the number of strokes according to the strokes of the words; (2) is the pen-shaped method according to the pen shape when writing; (3) is the radical method of the Chinese radicals.
The method of pen number method is also called stroke method. Chinese characters are composed of different strokes, such as "opening to the outside world", "right", "outside" for five strokes, "open" for four strokes, and "release" for eight strokes. The pen number method is a method of arranging items in order according to the number of strokes of Chinese characters. This method is relatively simple, as long as the strokes of Chinese characters can be counted, the number of pens is small, the number of pens is long, the number of pens is the same, or the number is further divided, or the pen shape Make a distinction. The book on the number of articles by the number of pens is "Chinese Dictionary", "New Knowledge Dictionary", "Philosophy Dictionary" and so on.
To use a tool book arranged by the number of pens, you must first understand the traditional or simplified characters used in this book to correctly calculate the strokes. Secondly, pay attention to certain words and special writing. If the strokes are not clearly defined, they will be wrong. The stroke method is one of the most common auxiliary arrangement methods. It is generally used in conjunction with the first method, the number method, and the pen method. But it is also useful to compile the body of a small reference book.
2 pen-shaped method:
The pen shape is also called the stroke method. This is a method of sequentially arranging entries by using the same character of Chinese characters. The advantage of the pen-and-pen method is that it only emphasizes the pen and the position is fixed. The disadvantage is that each class has more entries, and the pens often vary from person to person, and inspection is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, most reference books only use it as a helper method, and it is rarely used to organize the text.
3 first law:
The radical method is a method of checking the Chinese characters by the radical method. It is classified into a Chinese character with the same radicals. The same radical is the radical, the same radical, and the number of strokes. arrangement.
Sequence method: The sequence method is a method based on the pronunciation of words and the order of the linguistic symbols indicating these pronunciations. It is now more popular in the Chinese Pinyin alphabet.
The Chinese pinyin alphabet check method is easy to arrange and easy to check. It does not involve a series of troubles such as strokes, strokes, pens, simplified and traditional. The inspection is accurate and rapid. It is a more scientific method of inspection and is in line with the international search tools. The rules also apply to computer retrieval.
Number method: The number method is to decompose Chinese characters into several pen shapes, and assign a fixed number to each pen shape, and link the code of the pen shape into a number, the number can represent the word, and then the size of the number. Chinese characters are arranged in order. The number method includes the four-corner number method. Its advantage is that it can be seen in the form of a clear number. As long as the rules are mastered, the number is easy to retrieve and the search is quick.
Timing method: The time series method is a method arranged in chronological order. Commonly used for reference books organized by historical age.
The ground order method: The ground order method is a method of arranging the items of the book according to natural or administrative divisions. It is widely used to prepare tools and books on geography and local literature, such as the Atlas of the People's Republic of China and the Atlas of the World. "Wait.
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is a way of organizing data by its intellectual content.
Thematic method: The subject method is a method of checking the content of the center of the document by using the standardized natural language as the identification symbol.
The reference book generally has the following characteristics.
First, the information received is authoritized. For example, in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, more than 50,000 entries, including words, words, phrases, idioms, and idioms, are one of the most authoritative Chinese reference books.
Second, the information received is intensive. A reference book in one aspect is often the most concentrated expression of information in this area. For example, "The Middle School Chemistry Classical Problem Analysis Dictionary" received more than 1,600 questions, and the relevant questions were almost "one net."
Again, the information received is ordered. One of the reasons why the reference book is called "tool" is that it is convenient to retrieve. For example, "The basic knowledge of physics and chemistry in high school is available for examination", whether it is graded or sub-disciplined, it can be obtained at one time and is very convenient.
Of course, the reference book also has its inherent inadequacies. This mainly reflects that the content is often lagging behind, the period of writing the book is long, and it is not easy to revise it once. Therefore, the content is somewhat lagging and understandable. When students are using, be sure to look for the latest version and pay attention to whether there are any new or revised versions.
The reference book is arranged according to a certain method. For the compiler, this is the arrangement method. For the user, this is the inspection method, and the two are collectively called the inspection method. To use the tool correctly, you must master its main troubleshooting methods. The main troubleshooting methods for the reference book are as follows:
According to the word order method, there are form method, sequence method, number method, time series method and ground order method. The main methods of checking by content are taxonomy and subject matter.
Formal order method: The order method is a method of ordering the Chinese characters according to their physical structure and using the identity of their shapes. It can be summarized into three cases: (1) is the number of strokes according to the strokes of the words; (2) is the pen-shaped method according to the pen shape when writing; (3) is the radical method of the Chinese radicals.
The method of pen number method is also called stroke method. Chinese characters are composed of different strokes, such as "opening to the outside world", "right", "outside" for five strokes, "open" for four strokes, and "release" for eight strokes. The pen number method is a method of arranging items in order according to the number of strokes of Chinese characters. This method is relatively simple, as long as the strokes of Chinese characters can be counted, the number of pens is small, the number of pens is long, the number of pens is the same, or the number is further divided, or the pen shape Make a distinction. The book on the number of articles by the number of pens is "Chinese Dictionary", "New Knowledge Dictionary", "Philosophy Dictionary" and so on.
To use a tool book arranged by the number of pens, you must first understand the traditional or simplified characters used in this book to correctly calculate the strokes. Secondly, pay attention to certain words and special writing. If the strokes are not clearly defined, they will be wrong. The stroke method is one of the most common auxiliary arrangement methods. It is generally used in conjunction with the first method, the number method, and the pen method. But it is also useful to compile the body of a small reference book.
2 pen-shaped method:
The pen shape is also called the stroke method. This is a method of sequentially arranging entries by using the same character of Chinese characters. The advantage of the pen-and-pen method is that it only emphasizes the pen and the position is fixed. The disadvantage is that each class has more entries, and the pens often vary from person to person, and inspection is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, most reference books only use it as a helper method, and it is rarely used to organize the text.
3 first law:
The radical method is a method of checking the Chinese characters by the radical method. It is classified into a Chinese character with the same radicals. The same radical is the radical, the same radical, and the number of strokes. arrangement.
Sequence method: The sequence method is a method based on the pronunciation of words and the order of the linguistic symbols indicating these pronunciations. It is now more popular in the Chinese Pinyin alphabet.
The Chinese pinyin alphabet check method is easy to arrange and easy to check. It does not involve a series of troubles such as strokes, strokes, pens, simplified and traditional. The inspection is accurate and rapid. It is a more scientific method of inspection and is in line with the international search tools. The rules also apply to computer retrieval.
Number method: The number method is to decompose Chinese characters into several pen shapes, and assign a fixed number to each pen shape, and link the code of the pen shape into a number, the number can represent the word, and then the size of the number. Chinese characters are arranged in order. The number method includes the four-corner number method. Its advantage is that it can be seen in the form of a clear number. As long as the rules are mastered, the number is easy to retrieve and the search is quick.
Timing method: The time series method is a method arranged in chronological order. Commonly used for reference books organized by historical age.
The ground order method: The ground order method is a method of arranging the items of the book according to natural or administrative divisions. It is widely used to prepare tools and books on geography and local literature, such as the Atlas of the People's Republic of China and the Atlas of the World. "Wait.
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is a way of organizing data by its intellectual content.
Thematic method: The subject method is a method of checking the content of the center of the document by using the standardized natural language as the identification symbol.
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