Construction professional internship Zhou Ji Fan Wen

Today, we came to the construction site for the first time. The master did not immediately let us go to the construction site, but gave us a safety and health education. Safety production is related to the reputation and benefits of the company, and it is also related to the lives of thousands of families. Therefore, in the construction and production, we must implement the safety policy of “safety first, prevention first” and adhere to the principle of “safe production of pipe production must be safe”.

I know the teacher’s "three guarantees, four mouths, five neighbors"

"Three guarantees" protection

All personnel entering the construction site must wear the helmet properly. Hard hats should be checked frequently and resolutely scrapped if they do not meet the requirements.

When working at a height of 2m or more, the seat belt must be fastened. The various parts on the seat belt must not be arbitrarily removed and replaced at will.

The specifications and materials of the safety net must conform to the national standards and should be carefully checked before use. The outside of the project and the outside of the gantry are all closed with a dense mesh safety net. The safety net is completed and can be used after inspection and acceptance.

"four mouths" protection

a) The stairway, elevator opening, access opening and retaining hole of the project shall be protected by safety.

b) After the stair is demolished, a 1.2m high double-layered guardrail is placed along the stairs.

c) Set a passageway on each side of the project and set up a shelter. The width of the shed is larger than the entrance and exit, and the length is not less than 3m. The roof of the shed is covered with 5cm thick wooden planks, and the rest of the unit that is temporarily not accessible is temporarily closed, and the closure should be firm and tight.

d) The hole should be covered with a cover and fixed firmly.

e) There should be a prominent warning sign at the entrance and stairway, and a red light at night.

"Five Edges" protection

a) Set protective railing around the foundation pit and hang red light at night to alert.

b) A 1.2 m high double-layered guardrail shall be set up around the roof, around the perimeter of the frame, on both sides of the ramp, and on both sides of the unloading platform, and the safety net shall be hung.

c) Temporary protective railings must be installed on the side of the elevator and on the side of the stairs. Do not remove them before installing the official railings.

d) In addition to the protective railings on both sides of the loading platform, the platform door shall also be provided with a safety door or a movable protective railing.

e) All kinds of adjacent protections must be installed firmly and can be used after inspection and acceptance. No one has the right to move and dismantle various protective devices, protective facilities and safety signs on the construction site.

Although the construction is important, it does not have a good environment, and it is not a good project. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the workplace with sanitation and sanitation.

Sanqing: The bottom of the work is clear; the bottom of the material is clear; the site is cleared.

Six good: construction is ready; equipment management is good; project quality is good; safe production is good; completion progress is good; life management is good.

Today, we saw the engineering drawings of the project, and read them all over the whole. I learned from my heart, knowing what place corresponds to what map, and also knowing the project overview in detail.

1. This project is the Zhangjiakou Rongchen Manor Commercial Street commissioned by Zhangjiakou Founder Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. The project site is located at Shengli South Road, Hedong District, Zhangjiakou City. The site geomorphology belongs to the interaction zone of the Qianlishan Mountain front slope Hongya skirt and the Qingshui River second-level terrace. The site is uneven and slopes from north to south.

2. Zhangjiakou City is arid-semi-arid climate with climatic characteristics such as windy and rainy, uneven rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. The average annual precipitation is 400 mm, the frost-free period is 140 days, and the rainy season is mainly concentrated in July-September, accounting for more than 70% of the annual rainfall. The groundwater depth in this area is about 35 meters, and the maximum annual variation of the water level is 1.5. In meters, the standard freezing depth in this area is 1.4 meters.

3. The project is a multi-storey commercial building with a fire resistance rating of 2, a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees and a building durability of 50 years.

4. There are two types of structure: frame shear wall structure and frame structure.

Under construction site to understand the internship and drawings

Today, Master took us to the construction site. When we left the construction site, we repeatedly emphasized safety and the three guarantees, four, and five neighbors. I deeply realized the necessity of safety first and safety and health education. I saw the foundation beam reinforcement and foundation beam formwork that was being tied up, and the foundation beam reinforcement and foundation beam formwork that had been tied and completed, and I learned the relevant knowledge and actual situation of the steel bars I learned a few days ago. After I got in touch, I combined Master’s teaching with production and applied the teacher’s teaching to actual production. The image learned about the cutting, binding, and connection of steel bars, and sublimated the knowledge of the teacher. To make the knowledge more solid

"3"

Inspecting the foundation beam with the master

Today, I and Master examined the foundation beam of yesterday's foundation, and the inspection principles and items are as follows:

1) Guaranteed items:

a. The variety and quality of the steel bars, the grades and performance of the welding rods must meet the design requirements and relevant standards. The chemical composition inspection and welding test must be carried out before the imported steel bars are welded, and the welding can be carried out after meeting the relevant regulations.

b. The steel surface must be clean. If there are granules or flakes of old rust, the steel bars that remain punctuated after derusting are strictly prohibited to be used according to the original specifications.

c. The specifications, shape, size, number, spacing, anchor length and joint setting of the steel bars must meet the design requirements and construction specifications.

d. The mechanical performance test results of welded joints must meet the special requirements for steel welding and acceptance.

2) Basic items

a. The number of buckles and loose buckles of the reinforced steel bars shall not exceed 10% of the number of buckles and shall not be concentrated.

b. The orientation of the hook should be correct. The lashing joints shall comply with the provisions of the construction code, and the lap length shall not be less than the specified value.

c. The number of stirrups made of i-grade steel bars meets the design requirements. The angle and straight length of the hooks are to comply with the construction specifications.

d. There is no transverse crack and burn on the welded joint, and the welding is uniform. The joint bend is not more than 4 degrees, and the displacement of the steel bar at the joint shall not be greater than 0.1d and not more than 2mm.

Foundation beam template

Yesterday, I and Master’s basic ground beam were tested on the template today, which is basically the same as the textbook, but it is slightly different, adding some practicality and randomness:

1) Use assembled steel formwork: Determine the diameter, length, position of the pull bolt, and the spacing and size of the longitudinal and transverse keels and side bars. In the case of a steel form that does not have a modulus, a wooden formwork can be added to make up the seam.

2) Installation of steel formwork: The installation of the combined steel formwork is made up of a flat formwork, a female and a male corner formwork. The u-shaped card, latch and other spare parts used for splicing the longitudinal and transverse ribs are required to be complete and firm, and not loose.

3) Pre-inspection of the template: After the template is installed, pre-check the section size and elevation, pull bolts, and connecting rod support. All should meet the requirements of design drawings and quality standards.

Foundation pit excavation

Today, on the way to the construction site, I saw some construction sites excavating the foundation pit and asked Master about the excavation of the foundation pit.

First, the process:

Determine the excavation sequence and slope → segmental stratified average digging → trimming and clearing

Second, the operation process

The project is an unsupported foundation pit and must be graded. The steepest slope of the slope should be 33%.

1. Excavate the foundation pit, reasonably determine the excavation sequence, route and excavation depth, and divide the stratified average digging.

2. When the excavator moves along the edge of the excavation, the width of the upper edge of the mechanical distance slope shall not be less than 1/2 of the depth of the foundation pit and the trench.

3. During the excavation process, the condition of the tank wall and the slope should be checked at any time. Prepare for protection against collapse.

4. Excavation pits shall not be dug below the design elevation.

5. In the earthwork that can not be dug in mechanical construction, it should be excavated at any time with manual labor, and the earthwork should be transported to the place where the machinery is dug by hand cart, so as to be dug in time.

6, repair and clear the bottom. At the bottom of the trough design 50cm trough, find the horizontal line, nail the small raft, manually excavate the temporary soil. At the same time, the line is pulled by the axis of both ends, and the size of the groove edge is checked to determine the groove width standard. In this way, the edge of the groove is trimmed, and finally the earth at the bottom of the groove is removed. After the repair of the bottom of the tank, the quality inspection and acceptance shall be carried out.

7. Due to the requirements of concrete pouring piles, the earthwork stored on site should be reasonably stacked. When the site is conditionally stacked, leave enough soil for backfilling; the excess earthwork should be transported away at one time to avoid secondary handling.

Third, the quality standard

The foundation soil of the foundation pit and the site must meet the design requirements and is strictly prohibited.

Quality issues that should be noted

Excavation of the foundation: the excavation foundation pit shall not exceed the base elevation.

The substrate is not protected: the disturbance to the foundation soil should be minimized after the foundation pit is excavated.

Excavation size is insufficient, the slope is too steep: the excavation width and slope at the bottom of the foundation pit, in addition to the structural size requirements, the working surface width should be increased according to the construction needs.

The construction sequence is unreasonable: the earthwork should be excavated strictly according to the construction sequence stipulated in the construction plan. It should be noted that the excavation should be carried out from the lower part first, and the stratification and segmentation should be carried out in order to form a certain slope for drainage.

Brick wall

Master continued to explain with the previous project.

Brick wall:

1) Grouping method: The masonry is generally used as a single one. Brick columns shall not be constructed with a core-filling method that is built around after four weeks.

2) Bricks and bricks at the bottom of the bricks: When the first floor of the outer wall is the bottom of the brick, the two walls are lined with bricks, and the front and rear walls are lined with bricks. According to the position of the door and window opening. Carefully check whether the length of the window wall and the size of the concrete are in line with the brick module. If the modulus is not met, move the position of the door window to the left or right. If there is a break, the seven-point or slab should be placed in the middle of the window, with a wall plaque or other inconspicuous parts. When moving the door window position, it should be noted that the head of the heating guard and the door window are not affected. In addition, when arranging bricks, it is also considered that the brick wall above the door window does not appear to be broken when it is closed. Therefore, there must be a holistic consideration when arranging bricks. That is to say, when each brick is arranged in front and rear, it is necessary to consider the brickwork behind the window. The corner of the window must be a seven-pointer.

3) Brick selection: Bricks with neat edges and corners, no bending, cracks, uniform color and basically the same specifications should be selected. When the tapping sound is loud, the bricks that are burnt and discolored and deformed can be used on the foundation and the inner wall that does not affect the appearance.

4) Disc angle: Before the bricklaying, the disc angle should be first. The disc angle should not exceed five layers. The large angle of the new disc should be lifted in time. If there is any deviation, it should be repaired in time. When checking the angle of the disc, carefully compare the brick layer and the elevation of the leather rod, and control the size of the gray seam to make the horizontal gray seam uniform. After the big angle plate is good, it will be reviewed again. The leveling and vertical can fully meet the requirements before the wall can be hung.

5) Hanging line: double-sided hanging line, if several people use a single connecting line on the long wall, there should be several branch line points in the middle, the small line should be tightened, and each layer of brick should be threaded to make the horizontal seam uniform. Straight and smooth.

6) Bricklaying: Bricklaying should adopt a shovel ash, a brick, and a squeezing "three one" bricklaying method, that is, full squeezing operation method. When laying bricks, the bricks should be flat, the hands are high, and the walls are to be opened; the hands are low and the walls are back. Bricklaying must be followed by the line, "Upper with the line, lower with the edge, left and right adjacent to be flat". The horizontal gray seam thickness and the vertical gray seam width are generally 10 mm, but should not be less than 8 mm and should not be greater than 12 mm. In the course of operation, it is necessary to carry out self-inspection carefully. If there is any deviation, it should be corrected at any time. It is strictly forbidden to smash the wall afterwards. The clear water wall is not allowed to have a three-point head, and it is not allowed to arbitrarily move and sew in the upper part. The masonry mortar should be used with the mixing. The cement mortar must be used up within 3 hours. The cement mortar must be used up within 4 hours. The overnight mortar should not be used. The wall should be sewed with the brickwork. The depth of the seam is 8~10mm. The depth is the same, the cleaning is clean, and the mixed water wall should be scraped off with the tongue.

7) Retention: The corner of the outer wall should be built at the same time. The intersection of the inner and outer walls must be left oblique, the length of the rafter should not be less than 2/3 of the height of the wall, and the scorpion must be straight and smooth. The segmentation position should be at the deformation joint or the corner of the door window. When the partition wall is built at the same time as the wall or the pillar, the yoke can be retained and the rib can be pre-embedded. Two φ6 steel bars are reserved for every 50cm of the wall, and the buried length is not less than 50cm on each side from the stubble of the wall, and the end should be added with a 90-degree hook. The top cover of the partition wall is tightly packed with bricks.