Social investigation report on resource conservation

Environmental impact assessment of water conservancy projects

Environmental impact assessment of water conservancy projects refers to the evaluation of the short- and long-term effects of the construction of water conservancy projects on the natural environment and social environment. The beneficial effects are fully utilized, the adverse effects are reduced or improved, and the basis for the construction of this water conservancy project is provided.

Modern water conservancy projects, while exerting one or more comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, and aquaculture water supply, will have certain impacts on the natural environment and social environment of the project site, upstream and downstream, estuary and even the whole basin. At the 11th International Dam Conference held in Madrid, Spain in 1973, the “Environmental Impact of Dam Construction” was first listed as a special issue. The International Dam Conference pointed out that the purpose of dam construction is to bring good living conditions to human beings, but it may also have adverse effects on the environment and human beings. Therefore, many countries have conducted environmental impact assessments of water conservancy projects since the 1970s.

China generally conducts environmental impact assessment at the feasibility study stage of water conservancy projects. Large-scale projects and general medium-sized projects should prepare environmental impact reports, and prepare environmental impact quotations for medium-sized and small-scale projects with less environmental impact.

Water environment capacity

Water environmental capacity refers to the amount of pollutants that can be contained by a water body or the ability to self-regulate and maintain ecological balance without affecting the normal use of water. Water environmental capacity is one of the basis for the development of local and professional water discharge standards. The environmental management department also uses it to determine how much pollutants are allowed to be discharged in fixed waters. 〖The article you are browsing is organized by the first 'Panwen.com', and the copyright belongs to the original author and the original source. 〗

Garbage measurement

In order to reduce the amount of garbage, Korea is currently pursuing a system called “junk measurement system”. The so-called garbage metering system pays the garbage disposal fee according to the amount of garbage produced by each household on the basis of paying the basic cleaning fee and the sanitation fee. The biggest advantage of the garbage metering system is that it breaks the “big pot” of garbage disposal fees, thus forcing people to realize that “there is more money to pay for the more productive garbage.” To reduce the surrender of this aspect, we must try to reduce waste and indirectly establish Environmental concepts that protect the environment and reduce pollution.

South Korea began to implement this system in January 1996 and is very popular among the community. The practice is to provide garbage bags of various capacities and specifications by the environmental protection department. Each garbage bag is charged different garbage disposal fees according to different specifications. In this way, the user will consider the garbage caused by the garbage and the environmental pollution caused by the garbage when purchasing or using the garbage bag, thereby minimizing the garbage.

Water Pollution Control Association

The Water Pollution Control Federation is a consortium of international water pollution control technology associations based in Washington. The Federation includes regional associations in dozens of states and pollution control technology associations in other countries around the world. In 1984, the membership had reached more than 30,000. Among them are engineers, managers, teaching and research personnel engaged in municipal engineering and water pollution control, and manufacturers of water pollution control equipment. The association has six committees including industrial wastewater, public relations, scientific research, safety, standard methods and technical practices.

The Federation disseminates and enhances practical experience and technical knowledge in water pollution control through publications and annual meetings in October.

Saving electricity resources

There is little time for China's electricity supply – in my hometown, there are often sudden power outages in the past few years. Although it has improved in recent years, the power is still insufficient, and there is still a large power shortage in some areas. Therefore, since the winter, there have been reports from the media on how to distribute electricity reasonably and how to save electricity to strive to "do not pull the brakes." In recent years, the “lighting projects” that have been rushing all over the country have also received a lot of criticism. Some local governments have also heard the changes and stopped lighting the facilities to ensure the production and use of electricity. But "in the next three to five years, China's economy will be shrouded in the shadow of power shortages. In some areas, the 'electricity shortage', including the 'electricity shortage' in China's most developed regions, will not be eased in the near future." As a result, just in the spring, some areas have already heard the sound of “bringing the brakes”. The power supply situation in Henan Province this year is “very severe”. According to experts’ prediction, the maximum load of our province’s power grid will reach 15 million kilowatts this summer, and the power gap is 200. Ten thousand kilowatts, it will be difficult to avoid power cuts during the peak period of the provincial network."

Power is tight, water resources are not loose, and water resources in many places are often tight. "Southern Weekend" reporter interviewed in a water-deficient area, staying at the farmhouse, a basin of washing water was used many times - the reporter washes his face first, the owner washes his face, the reporter washes his face... and many large cities in China are also water-deficient cities, in order to Water-saving, there was a Beijing expert who was in Zhengzhou to investigate the lack of water. He has not been willing to take a bath for several days!

But electricity and water are so tight, and waste is everywhere. From party and government organs to social groups to large and small enterprises to families, a lot of lights that don't need to be bright are brightly lit, and the water that should not flow should be in the day. The ground is flowing. The "public" few people feel bad, private because they have money, how much is "available", although it does not have to be used, but it must be used. However, electricity and water are public resources. In a certain period of time, the total amount is certain. If the land is used more, the land will be less. If the land is used too much, the land may have to be “brake-browed” or limited-time water supply. The lives and production of local people will be affected. This kind of influence has already had "precedents". Before and after the Spring Festival, "In addition to individual key users such as provincial and municipal government offices, transportation passenger transportation departments, and key large hospitals, almost all enterprises, institutions and residential areas in Changsha have begun to implement points. Power supply for three days to stop... It brings a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life." In fact, it is not difficult to imagine how sad it is to stop the power and stop the water: the home is dark, the candle is too expensive to buy, and the freezer and air conditioner have become furnishings; the wash can not be washed, even the toilet does not dare to use - No water rushing... My God, that day... If we can't effectively stop the wasteful behavior, such a day will come soon.

Therefore, any unit or individual - even if the electricity bill can be afforded, it is an obligation to save electricity, use electricity, water, and electricity, to ensure that everyone can use the power. However, consciously it is unreliable. In order to truly save the province's electricity and water, it is necessary to use a system to ensure that "there is more than enough to make up for the shortage." This can draw on the principle of the collection of personal income tax, determine the “levy point” for users who are not used, and charge it at the normal price within the “levy point”. If the number exceeds the threshold, the more you surpass, the higher the charge. First, it will force people to save to a considerable extent. The private money itself is distressed. The units that pay the money by the "public" will also formulate effective measures to ensure economic savings. Thereby effectively limiting waste, balancing usage, minimizing power outages and water cuts caused by insufficient supply, and ensuring normal life and production.

Let us remember, "Electric power is like a blood, carrying nutrients and oxygen, flowing through the whole body. Wherever you go, production and life are showing a thriving scene. If the blood flow is not smooth, it may lead to various kinds of Economic loss, even body necrosis." Electricity is so, but there is still a shortage of electricity, and water resources are irreplaceable. Once it is short, the consequences will be more serious. Therefore, we must plan ahead and introduce measures as soon as possible to resolutely curb all kinds of waste and maximize the saving of electricity and water resources.

Saving oil resources

How long can mineral resources be mined?

Human production and life are still inseparable from fossil fuels and metal deposits. Their content in the earth's crust is limited, and the amount of reserves is reduced. The faster the mining speed, the faster the rate of reduction. Some used scrap metals can be recycled and reused, but they can be reused to a limited extent and cannot replace the need for new mining; fossil fuels are less expensive and cannot be reused at all.

Since the advent of the internal combustion engine, human exploration and exploitation of oil has begun a "race" of uncertain future. Of course, people know that oil reserves are limited. However, if the growth rate of new proven reserves exceeds the amount of extraction and the proven reserves are sufficient for many years, people may adopt an optimistic attitude towards the use of oil. Development delays, let future generations solve this problem. This is of course an irresponsible attitude. In the past years, exploration has often been ahead of mining. For example, in 1970, the proven oil commercial reserves were only enough for 37 years. By 1988, due to new exploration discoveries, energy-saving technologies and other energy sources were known. The years in which oil commercial reserves can be mined have increased to 45 years. The geological reserves of oil are far greater than the proven reserves, while the exploitable commercial reserves account for only a small portion of the proven reserves. At the same time, the mining technology is still increasing, and the exploitation rate of proven reserves is also increasing. However, the total reserves of oil in the earth's crust are limited, and exploration techniques based on modern science will eventually identify the total amount that can be mined. Oil generation takes hundreds of millions of years, and in the foreseeable human history, humans cannot imagine that their reserves will increase. When oil does not accelerate the development of alternative energy sources to reduce the proportion of fossil fuels, this "race" will soon reach the end. This is the case with oil, as is coal and natural gas.

Statistics show that per capita energy consumption is closely related to income. Nowadays, the average person in New York consumes 1891 liters of gasoline per year, while the number in Calcutta in India is reduced to 182 liters. The difference between the two is nearly 10 times, and the comparison of all energy consumption is the same. It can be said that if humans consume natural resources unrestrainedly, the globally proven oil resources will be exhausted within a few years.

On the other hand, oil fields and other mines that are easy to mine are always depleted first. In order to mine the same amount of oil and other minerals, future generations will pay more and more, and production costs will become higher and higher. Not only that, but fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal are precious chemical raw materials, and their utilization value is much higher than that used as ordinary fuel. In other words, if people waste or unreasonably use these precious minerals today, they are essentially eating their grandchildren and blocking the development of future generations.