Investigation report on agricultural social practice in winter vacation hometown

Looking at my hometown agriculture

- Winter holiday social practice survey report

Ji Lei

Tsinghua University Software Institute Software 41

Abstract: In recent years, the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” has been the focus of attention. In his hometown of Songyang County, through investigation, he has in-depth understanding of the current situation of rural areas and the development of agricultural industrialization. This paper puts forward some new ideas on the main problems in agricultural industrialization.

Keywords: agricultural industrialization; rural land shortage; professional cooperation organization; farmers increase income; emerging township

With the ringing of the New Year's bell, the warm spring breeze of XX has quietly blown our faces. In the past XX years, the party and the state continued to implement a series of policies to effectively reduce the burden on farmers and promote the rural economy, education, and The development of medical and other undertakings has promoted the optimal adjustment of the agricultural structure, and the whole society has reached an unprecedented level of attention to the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Taking advantage of this Dongfeng, during the winter vacation, I conducted an in-depth and meticulous investigation into the production and living conditions of rural farmers in my hometown. Through visiting farmers and township governments, I learned about the income and expenditure structure of rural farmers and the medical and health conditions and education in rural areas. Through investigations and visits, I have gained some valuable practical experience, and I visited the government staff of relevant local departments on some urgent and urgent problems that I found, and finally got this report based on my own thinking.

a general situation

Located in the south of Zhejiang Province, Songyang County is an uncarved natural jade in the mountains of Fujian and Zhejiang. It has the largest mountain basin in southern Zhejiang, Songgu Plain. The unique natural environment has created a social environment in which Songyang has been economically sound, simple and peaceful, and socially peaceful. The Song Dynasty, the champion of the Yuan Dynasty, has a heartfelt admiration for "only this peach flower source, four plugs without him." However, it is this closed-minded idea of ​​the small-scale peasant economy that has made our county in the province’s earliest main body of the Chinese market economy, which is the earliest main body of the Chinese market economy, and missed many opportunities in the tide of reform and development of small and medium-sized private enterprises. In developed regions, we are far behind. In the XX years when the province's per capita GDP reached 3,000 US dollars, the per capita GDP of our county was only one-third of the province's per capita level. In particular, the living standards of the majority of farmers who account for 87.5% of the county's population are still relatively low. In XX, the per capita net income of farmers in Zhejiang Province reached 6,660 yuan, while the county had only 3,209 yuan.

The rural areas of our county can basically be divided into three samples: the plain village - the adjustment of industrial structure; the village near the township - in the process of urbanization; the mountain village - in poverty.

According to the statistical reports of the government departments and the actual investigation, through the adjustment of industrial structure, tea, edible fungi, fruits and vegetables have become the leading agricultural industries in the county with an output value of four billion yuan. In recent years, the development of tea production has been particularly rapid, with an annual output value of 145 million. The newly-built Zhejiang South Zhejiang tea market has become one of the largest tea markets in the province. Planting tea has become a characteristic industry in the plain township, as mentioned below.

In the vicinity of central towns, the simple sale of traditional agricultural products is no longer a major part of the income of farmers. Many farmers are also rushing to develop the tide of individual and private economy in Zhejiang Province. Many farmers have turned to industries such as industry and commerce, and some have even begun to return. Over-investment in agriculture, committed to agricultural industrialization, such as the establishment of agricultural products processing enterprises. Their income is mainly derived from operating income, entrepreneurial income and property income.

In addition, there are also some mountainous towns and towns in the county. The cultivated land is small and the land is barren, lacks suitable economic crops, and the industry is not developed enough to meet a large number of rural laborers. Therefore, migrant workers have become the main source of income for local farmers. Such as the town of Xixi is such a typical. The area of ​​cultivated land in the township is 6,172 mu, and there are as many as 8,855 laborers, and the per capita cultivated land is only 0.7 mu. A total of 2,396 people in the township go out to work, and some villages even have more than half of the labor output.

Second, the status quo and problems

Some of the farmers surveyed in the field survey are more typical. Through the analysis and analysis of the survey results, some common problems were found:

1. Farmers are generally not optimistic about the increase in income, and the contingency and risk of increasing income are too large.

Because of the limited land, tea farmers cannot expand their scale, and the income-increasing channels are narrow. Due to the small scale of the industry, they are over-reliant on the market, and the rise and fall of market prices will have a fatal impact on them.

Farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries and working outside the country are also cautious about the prospects for income growth due to capital, market and policy environment.

2. Education investment has become the largest expenditure for ordinary farmers' families.

Through the reform of rural taxes and fees, our county has completely exempted agricultural taxes, agricultural special product taxes, and most other rural administrative fees at the beginning of XX; our county will gradually implement the nine-year compulsory education exemption from the tuition and fees system from XX years. . In the past, according to the average peasant family, most families have two or more children. If they are in the small country or the middle school, the reliance on the family’s food and drink can be basically maintained. In the high school stage, it is not in the rural areas. In the region, a high school student needs about 6,000 yuan per year for tuition and daily expenses. The economic situation of the average peasant family can only bear the maximum cost of a child in high school, and it is very difficult; if the child goes to college, many families can not afford the burden.

3. The situation of returning to poverty due to illness is more common, and the rural medical insurance system and the minimum living security system need to be strengthened.

The rural medical insurance system has been implemented in our county for one year. It is generally required that doctors in hospitals at or above the county level can reimburse a certain percentage of the amount of a certain amount or more with valid documents. For most farmers, the general illness is to rely on earthwork or buy some common drugs, and are reluctant to go to the hospital. Medical insurance is ineffective for them. The farmers who actually go to the hospital usually spend one or two thousand. According to the regulations, they can only get one or two hundred insurance premiums, which can only be regarded as a drop in the bucket. The minimum living security system is limited by the financial strength of our county. First, the protection is small. Secondly, it is determined by money. The rural minimum living security insurance coverage rate is as high as 50%, which deserves the attention of the relevant government departments.

4. The development of financial credit business in rural credit cooperatives lags behind.

In the survey, more than 70% of the farmers thought that “going to a bank credit cooperative to borrow” was troublesome or troublesome. In fact, in most rural areas of the country, ordinary commercial banks take into account the small amount of loans to farmers, difficulty in concentration, and difficulty in repaying loans. In order to avoid risks, loans are not granted to farmers. Basically, they only accept deposits and do not lend loans. The situation of traditional rural credit cooperatives, because of the backward management system, there is no effective loan mechanism for farmers, and it is also “difficult to borrow” for farmers. Although the country has carried out rural financial system reform in response to this situation in the past two years, A lot of new measures have been taken and drastic reforms have been implemented, but it seems that the results have not been effective. When farmers are short of funds, most farmers choose to “borrow from relatives and friends” or “other ways to raise themselves”. Due to the difficulty of borrowing money, the peasants' industrialization management has not developed, and the road to prosperity has become a tortuous road. This has increasingly become an important bottleneck restricting the economic development of rural peasant families.

Investigation on the industrialization of tea in Xinxing Township

Farmers' income increase, rural development, and agricultural modernization are a systematic project, rural tax and fee reform, township financial system reform, township institutional reform, rural financial system reform, rural medical and education system reform, rural democratic political construction, agricultural industrial structure adjustment, new type The construction of peasant cooperative economic organizations and the "Thousand Village Demonstration, Wancun Renovation" project aiming at improving the living environment of peasants in our province... All of this constitutes an organic whole, and it takes a whole body!

Due to the limited winter vacation time, and our county is a traditional agricultural county, the employees engaged in the primary industry account for 73.5% of the employees in the county. The agricultural industrialization operation is the main means for the farmers in the county to increase their income in the next few years. Therefore, I am The direction of the in-depth understanding of the investigation was defined as the agricultural industrialization operation of the first type of rural area in the county mentioned above, and the typical example of the tea industry structure adjustment process in our county - Xinxing Township, and visited The relevant government staff.

1. The current situation of industrialization of tea in Xinxing Township

After several years of agricultural restructuring and screening and cultivation, Xinxing Township has formed a leading agricultural industry with tea-based characteristics. There are more than 10,000 mu of tea bases with an output value of 0.4 billion yuan, and the output value of high-efficiency tea gardens exceeds 10,000 yuan. More than 90% of the farmers in the township are engaged in the tea industry. About 10% of the farmers have set up tea processing enterprises, and the hand-workshop-type processing households are everywhere. The tea market in the township has an annual trading volume of 6,900 tons and a transaction volume of 41.4 million yuan. It has become one of the largest tea market in the country. Brand awareness has gradually penetrated the hearts of the people. Large-scale enterprises generally attach importance to brand building and strive to establish their own brand. In this regard, the government has also given strong support, and has invested millions in building brands for several years. The Songyang Silver Monkey series of green tea has passed the green food certification. After several revisions, its series standards have begun to apply for provincial local agricultural standards. The rural professional cooperative organization started from XX years and its operation is still relatively loose. Through the operation of the tea industry, the per capita income of farmers in the township has greatly improved compared with traditional agriculture, reaching 4,388 yuan, higher than the county average.

2. Main problem

1) Land issues

Among the 10,000-mu tea bases in the township, except for some agricultural bases developed by the main business owners, most of them are “hundred robes” that are connected by the farmers themselves to develop “one acre and three points”. The decentralized operation of farmers has brought great difficulties to standardized and pollution-free production, and has also severely restricted the promotion of science and technology and mechanized production, and increased labor costs. For example, an artificial expenditure often accounts for one quarter of the output value of an acre of green tea, while mechanical tea picking can increase the efficacy by 4-5 times. Moreover, the decentralized operation has enabled most households to independently complete production, supply and marketing, which is incapable of affecting market supply and demand and prices, leading to high risks in the industry. Most professional cooperative organizations operate as “company + farmer”, and have not yet formed a real interest community with farmers. They often have self-sales when the price is high, and the company is reluctant to buy at the agreed price when the price is low. These are also problems in the development of agricultural industrialization and the need for farmers to increase their income.

2) Industry chain issues

Due to the limited base of its own base, the current tea processing enterprises in the township are not perfect with the interests of farmers, and the production, supply and marketing, agriculture, industry and trade are not closely linked, resulting in the inability to expand the scale. Other handicraft workshops have poor sanitation and loose management, which has led to outstanding quality problems in agricultural products and even smeared the brand of Songyang. Due to the limitation of scale, the tea processing capacity of the township has been greatly restricted. Many farmers planted teas mainly for fresh sales. As a result, the huge profits of the processing links were given to the tea processing industry in the field. Moreover, due to capital and technology, most processing companies are limited to primary processing, lack of fine processing and in-depth development. Without their own brands, the industrial chain is difficult to extend. In addition, the sales force of the township is less and weaker, and most of the agricultural products are exported to foreign merchants. This is also an important link in the extension of the industrial chain. It can not only absorb the labor force, increase the income of farmers, but also solve a series of problems caused by the decentralized operation of the land shortage.

3) Brand issues

It is not enough to build a brand by relying on the government alone. The brand needs large-scale production and specialized sales. It requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and farmers. However, although there are silver monkey series brands in our county, there are leading markets, but most companies do not have the scale and strength, and they lack a strong peasant tea marketing team, which makes our brand unable to lead the county well. The tea industry has formed a situation where the dragons have no head.

Three countermeasures

In addition to using limited financial resources to increase support for rural development of peasant life, the government is more important to provide guidance and guidance for institutional development and to improve the organization of agricultural industrial cooperation. To provide effective information for farmers, on the one hand, encourage farmers to turn to the secondary and tertiary industries to solve the problem of decentralized land management, and on the other hand, guide the employees of the secondary and tertiary industries to invest in the county's primary industry or provide services to achieve industrial The linkage to form a complete industrial chain structure. Combining the adjustment of rural industrial structure and accelerating the transfer of labor to reduce the rural population to solve the problem of insufficient land, the two magic weapons that solve the problem of increasing farmers' incomes are combined.

For example, professional training can be organized to encourage farmers to open agricultural product stores outdoors, and through the Internet, television and other media, through tea culture, tea fairs, agricultural exhibitions and other brand development, enhance the marketing power of the county's agricultural products. The government can also work with enterprises to establish an authoritative agricultural product information network to provide farmers with production, price and meteorological climate information in a timely and accurate manner, provide medium- and long-term market forecast analysis, and help farmers arrange production and operation according to market requirements.

Under the effective guidance of the government, farmers should join the industry cooperation organizations as much as possible, and learn from the surrounding areas such as Jinhua Wenzhou and other places, and combine their own actual summaries to promote the standardized pollution-free production of agricultural bases and cooperative management of agriculture. In order to expand the scale of the industry and extend the industrial chain. Only through transformation and processing can we add value to agricultural products, create brands, and improve the competitiveness of agricultural products. Through the processing industry and subsequent publicity and sales, the industry can also absorb some of the transferred labor, and the growth of these industries can enhance our brand strength, truly enlarge and strengthen brand-name products, and achieve high efficiency of the entire industry.

Agricultural industrialization must follow the path of sustainable development, closely integrate with “scientific and technological agriculture” and “ecological agriculture” to continuously improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products and improve resource utilization. For example, with the power of agricultural science and technology workers, the tea products can be developed in depth while the total tea production in the county is expanded, and biotechnology can be used to extract the unique ingredients in tea to make health products, cosmetics and other related products. It is also necessary to adjust the tea planting plan in a timely manner, implement standardized tea base construction, promote mechanized picking operations, and improve work efficiency and cost.

Four summary

The significance of the investigation lies in the process! On the first day of the investigation, my father told me.

Indeed, the problems in the countryside are very complicated, and what I understand is only some fur, and the results of the investigation are meaningless to the rural problem itself, but the process of investigation is a social experience for me, and the extension of life. !

China currently has a population of 1.3 billion, of which 900 million peasants. In the process of modernization of China's socialist reform and opening up, it is inevitable that such problems will arise. The fundamental solution to the "three rural issues" also requires long-term common efforts of the whole society. I firmly believe that under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, in the environment in which all Chinese people are eager to promote agricultural development, although the road to China's agricultural development is tortuous, the future of Chinese rural and Chinese peasants is infinitely bright!

Five references

Annual Report of Rural Economy in Xinxing Township in XX Years and XX Years

Annual Economic Report of Xiangxi Town, XX Year and XX Year

XX year Songyang County Government Work Report

"Green Paper on Rural Economy XX-XX: Analysis and Forecast of Rural Situation in China" Social Science Literature Publishing House