Rural economic survey report

Rural Report - Rural Economic Survey Report

Do a good job in project construction and promote rural economic development

Forestry in Hebei Province has been using the World Bank loan for afforestation since 1990. Up to now, there have been four projects under construction, under construction and proposed. The total investment plan is about 600 million yuan, of which the World Bank loan is 41 million US dollars, and the afforestation task is 160,000 hectares, involving 70 counties in 9 cities of our province. By the end of XX, a total of 130,000 hectares of afforestation area had been completed, and the World Bank loan was 23 million US dollars. After 10 years of World Bank loan afforestation projects, although the specific targets of each project are different, the terms of loans and the channels for transferring loans have also changed, but in general, the project construction has not only accelerated the construction of the fast-growing and high-yield timber forest project in Hebei Province. The process has reserved a large amount of timber forest resources, and has had a profound impact on improving the ecological environment, promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the poverty alleviation of farmers. At the same time, drawing on a set of effective engineering afforestation management experience formed by the World Bank management method is of great significance for China's access to wto and its integration with the international community in afforestation management.

I. The effectiveness of project construction

Increased forest resources. According to the established objectives of the project, the first and second phases of the project are mainly to develop fast-growing and high-yield timber forests. In addition to the development of some fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, the third and fourth phases of the project will develop some economic forests to help farmers achieve poverty alleviation in the short term. Among the 10 completed 130,000 hectares of afforestation area, there are 120,000 hectares of fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, and 10,000 hectares of famous, special, excellent and fresh dried fruit economic forests. According to the results of the young forest survey, the area of ​​the first and second forests reached more than 90%. The implementation of the World Bank loan afforestation project has made positive contributions to the realization of afforestation area and forest stock growth. First, the forest resources in the project area have been increased, so that the World Bank loan afforestation has become the main project of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest construction in our province. Second, the forest coverage rate in the project area has increased by an average of 1.9 percentage points, of which the first-phase project has increased by an average of 1.2. In terms of percentage points, the second-phase project increased by 2.2 percentage points on average, and the third-phase project increased by 8.5 percentage points on average. Third, the above-mentioned completed 120,000-hectare fast-growing and high-yield timber forest was calculated on the basis of an average of one cubic meter per mu per year, and sustainable production was 16 million. Cubic meters of wood will effectively alleviate many problems such as shortage of wood in our province. At the same time, the 10,000-hectare dry and fruit economic forest completed at the same time can produce 150,000 tons of dried and fresh fruit every year after entering the fruiting period.

Promoted agricultural development. The World Bank loan afforestation project area is mainly distributed in the central and southern plains of the province and 70 counties in the poverty-stricken mountainous areas of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan. The afforestation areas of the project mainly use the sand wasteland formed by rolling on both sides of the river and the sub-cultivated land extended further. The two sides of the Yongding River, Shahe River, Weihe River and Weihe River in our province have always been one of the three major sand areas in the plain agricultural areas of our province that are most seriously damaged by wind and sand. In response to this problem, the World Bank loan afforestation project developed and rebuilt more than 60,000 hectares of sand and beach land, 8,000 new wells, 256 kilometers of drainage channels, and 1020 kilometers of roads, making the sand wasteland a stable production area of ​​Linmao Grain. And a large number of advanced models of sand control and afforestation have emerged in Yongqing, Anci, Dingzhou, Xinle, Daming and Linyi. The implementation of the World Bank's afforestation project has effectively promoted agricultural development. First, the planted trees have improved the ecological environment by wind and sand fixation. According to the Agricultural Research University of Hebei Province for 8 years, the scientific research on the growth effect of forest intercropping, the microclimate effect of farmland, the yield effect of crops and the physiological and ecological basis of intercropping of poplar, etc. The farmland microclimate has undergone significant changes. The young poplar forest can reduce the average farmland temperature by 0.4-0.7 degrees, the average relative humidity by 4.5-12.2%, and the average wind speed by 44.5%-76.5%. Second, improvements in microclimate have increased food yields. Under the above conditions, the intercropping yield per mu can be increased by 1.65%-31.8% compared with the control. Third, the project construction has increased the area of ​​cultivated land. In the mountainous areas, the World Bank project adheres to the project village as the unit and comprehensively manages according to the river basin. Where slopes above 5 degrees, measures such as anti-slope terraces, horizontal steps or fish scale pits, and word-type planting are adopted to create shelter forests and timber forests. Economic forest. In addition to controlling soil erosion, this can generally develop 3 to 5 percent of arable land per acre; in the plains, it increases the area of ​​cultivated land by developing sand shortages. Daming County has built 88,500 mu of intercropping fast-growing and high-yield timber forests within the five large sand belts formed by three ancient rivers in the territory. Through the development and reconstruction of sand shortages, the agricultural planting area has increased by 60,000 mu, and the intercropping of wheat has increased production by 10 million kilograms. 12 million kilograms of peanuts.

Increased farmers' income. According to calculations by relevant parties, farmers are currently planting crops on high-yield and stable-yielding fields. The net income of the two villages is less than 400 yuan per mu, and the implementation of the World Bank project has greatly increased farmers' income. The first is to create direct income from the forest. The first phase and second phase of the World Bank loan afforestation project are mainly distributed in the agricultural areas of the central and southern plains. The land resources are mainly sand wasteland and secondary cultivated land. After the implementation of forest-grain intercropping, the average tillage growth of Populus tomentosa was increased by 30% of the pure poplar forest under similar conditions, because the peasant farming had played a role in cultivating the forest and the side effect of the forest. %—137%. Conservatively, according to the calculation of one cubic meter per mu per year, only one forest per acre can increase income by 400 yuan per year; the second is the increased income of intercropping crops. After the development of sand wasteland, only peanuts will be planted, and more than 200 kilograms per mu can be harvested, equivalent to more than 400 yuan. At the same time, after the conversion of secondary cultivated land, the crop yield can at least double. Up to now, Dingzhou City has completed a total of 55,500 mu of afforestation projects. The average annual increase of wheat and peanut crops is only 5 million kilograms, and the income is increased by more than 7 million yuan. The 100,000 mu fast-growing and high-yield timber forests developed by the Yongqing County and Anci District in the Shayu sub-cultivated land have also achieved remarkable benefits. The third is to increase the income of economic forests. The third phase of the project is mainly distributed in poor villages in mountainous counties. Since its implementation in 1999, it has focused on the development of famous, special, excellent, new and market-oriented hot fruit economy while carrying out comprehensive management according to the project villages. Lin, there are now the paddocks of Lincheng, the flowers and trees of Zanhuang, the Zhaozhuang of the elk, the two rooms of Fengning, and the Dongwopu of Chengde. Take Dongwopu Village as an example, the total area of ​​the village is 14,800 mu, of which the mountain area is 14,200 mu. The whole village has 12 villager groups, 243 households and 825 people. They are scattered in the east and west trenches respectively. The traffic is inconvenient and the per capita income is less than 500 yuan. After the implementation of the World Bank project, a total of more than 6,000 acres of afforestation were planted, 96,500 fruit trees were planted, and more than 600 mu of fruit was returned to the farmland. The old orchard was transformed into 120 mu, and the fruit trees were replaced by 14,000. Per capita planting 120 varieties of excellent new varieties of fruit trees, after 3-5 years into the results period, this alone will far exceed its goal of per capita income of 3,000 yuan.

The successful experience of World Bank project construction strongly illustrates the importance of the World Bank project afforestation in improving the ecological environment, optimizing the industrial structure, and promoting agricultural production and farmers' income. In a certain sense, the forestry development model of some project villages is also the direction of county-level rural economic development.

Second, the successful experience of project construction

Strengthen organizational leadership. It is the need of national economic development to develop fast-growing and high-yield timber forests to solve the contradiction between timber supply and demand, and it is also the responsibility of governments at all levels. At the same time, the use of World Bank loans to develop fast-growing and high-yield forest management is rigorous, scientific and very complex. It involves not only forestry technology and financial management of funds, but also related policies and extensive public work. Therefore, before the start of each phase of the project, the provincial, municipal, and county levels must be led by the competent leaders according to the needs of the work, and the relevant departments such as forestry, finance, planning committee, land, and auditing should be involved to establish and improve the project leading groups at all levels. Practically strengthen the leadership and coordination of project construction; and set up a project office under the leading group, equipped with capable technology and specialized financial personnel, specifically responsible for the implementation of the project; at the same time, hired teaching, scientific research, seedlings, forest defense and other units The scientific and technical personnel form a science and technology support group, so that the project construction can receive technical advice and guidance at any time.

Carefully organized implementation. In the preparation stage of project construction, we must first apply for the project in the name of the government from the bottom up and fulfill the corresponding commitments. At the same time, carry out the feasibility study of the project and the overall design of the afforestation by the project county; before the project takes effect It is necessary to prepare a strict production plan and fund plan, and formulate rules and regulations for the implementation of the project, afforestation technology model, construction design method, inspection and acceptance method, accounting method, withdrawal and reimbursement methods, etc. The guidelines adopted by relevant departments have rules to ensure that each link has a rule to avoid subjective arbitrariness; during the implementation of the project, strict implementation of production plans, capital plans, and inspections and acceptances with quality as the core Institutional and reimbursement appropriation system, designed according to plan, according to design and construction,

Check and accept according to the standard. Any non-afforestation design, afforestation survival rate that does not meet the standards, and does not meet the requirements of afforestation standards, will not be accepted, not accounted for, no grants.

Increase the technological content. The level of science and technology is directly related to the quality of project construction. To this end, the following aspects have been highlighted in the project construction: First, the use of good seedlings. At present, afforestation relies on strong seedlings, and long-term development depends on improved varieties. Good seedlings and strong seedlings are the basis of afforestation work. According to the survey, the accumulation and growth of the fine forest species can be increased by 30-150% compared with the general varieties. Therefore, the project counties, with the state-run nursery as the center, have implemented the three-set seedlings method of “fixed seed supply, fixed seedlings, and fixed seedlings”, which not only ensures the quantity and quality of the required seedlings, but more importantly solves the improved varieties. Promote the implementation of the problem and ensure the fast-growing and high-yield forest. Especially in the third phase of the project, the utilization rate of good varieties has generally reached 100%. The second is to promote applicable technologies. In view of the characteristics of the province's ten years of drought, especially the spring drought, the three technologies of “abt rooting powder, drought-resistant and water-retaining agent and film mulching” were vigorously promoted in the project afforestation. In 1999 and XX, the province suffered from a severe drought for two consecutive years. Due to the above three guarantee measures, the afforestation survival rate of the project area still reached over 80%. The third is to strengthen research and promotion. After the implementation of the World Bank project, more than ten research and promotion projects such as selection and promotion of excellent clones of poplar, introduction and promotion of improved larch varieties, and monitoring of project implementation effects were carried out, and the phased results assembly was applied to the project construction in a timely manner. In the middle, good results have been achieved. The fourth is to strengthen technical training. In order to improve the technical level of farmers in the project area, detailed training plans have been formulated at the provincial, city, county, and level levels, and various forms such as TV lectures, distribution of CDs, brochures, on-site visits, and direct demonstrations have been adopted from time to time. Farmers are trained. In the three years since the implementation of the third phase of the project, only 5XX volumes of various brochures, CDs, and video tapes have been distributed to 6 cities, 15 counties, 60 townships, and 340 project villages at the provincial level.

Establish and improve the operation and management mechanism. The management mechanism is the key to the success of the project construction. Ten years after the implementation of the World Bank project, through continuous exploration and improvement, a complete set of operational management mechanisms has been gradually formed. The first is the fund management reporting system. The remittance withdrawal program is a comprehensive inspection and acceptance by the professional team after the end of the spring afforestation. It is organized by the county forestry bank loan project office. According to the small class, the tree species, the village and township summary report, and the county financial authorization to withdraw funds. The person signs it and reports it to the Ministry of Finance and the State Forestry Administration, and then handles the relevant withdrawal procedures. The advantage of the reimbursement system is that the capital investment is directly linked to the afforestation effect, effectively avoiding the risk of capital investment and ensuring maximum investment benefits. Second, the business model is diversified. The project afforestation takes the village as the unit, carries out unified planning and unified construction. After the completion of the project, according to the wishes of the farmers, it implements household operation, share operation or collective operation. But no matter what business method is adopted, most of its benefits are attributed to farmers. The third is the project afforestation contract system. The specific requirement is that no matter what business method is adopted, a land contractual operation contract must be signed. In the contract, the content of self-management, rights, responsibilities, interests, obligations, responsibilities, and land contracting years of use shall be clarified, and the land contracting service life shall be no less than 50 years. At the same time, it is necessary to clarify the amount of loans, the number of repayments, and the repayment plan, which are confirmed by both the accounting and the debt division. The application of the contract system closely combines the responsibilities and responsibilities of the peasants, greatly stimulating the enthusiasm of the people for forest protection and forestry, and ensuring the effectiveness of the project construction.

In the project construction, the project offices at all levels pay attention to the use of modern forestry models and concepts such as social forestry, agroforestry, and three-dimensional forestry to guide the actual work, and under the premise of ensuring fast-growing and high-yield forests, do everything possible to improve land utilization and productivity. Due to the continuous effective management, the Bank's afforestation project has achieved remarkable results. The practical significance is not only to complete the high-standard 120,000 hectares of high-yield timber forests, 10,000 hectares of famous, special and excellent dried fruit economic forests, but more importantly, to combine with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, to get rid of poverty for farmers. It is a positive promotion and an effective demonstration. At the same time, we have borrowed and implemented the scientific management methods of the World Bank, and insisted on “investing in a paid system, paying a reconciliation system, and using a special system” in fund management. For the cadres who are accustomed to the extensive management of afforestation, the constraints are subtly It has enhanced people's awareness of quality, repayment of loans, responsibility and benefit, and has followed and practiced the reform of forestry. It is an important manifestation of the improvement of forestry management.

Third, existing problems and countermeasures

The main problem exists. The implementation of the Forestry World Bank project is generally good, but there are still some problems in different places. If these problems are not solved well, they will affect the repayment of projects and projects under construction. Quality, and further introduction and use of foreign capital.

1. Responsibility awareness is not strong, and short-term behavior is outstanding. Some cadres are eager for quick success.

When I am striving for the project, I am proactive and easy to commit, but I don’t believe it. Once the project is launched, I feel that everything is going well, so there is a phenomenon that the matching funds are not in place, the production management is not solid, and the problem of repaying loans is pushed. The first phase of our province has been repaying loans since 1998. According to the current loan repayment conditions, the province has an average loan of 4 million yuan per year. As far as a county is concerned, it is still up to 500,000 per year, at least 200,000, and generally involves 6 or 7 townships and dozens of villages. It should be said that the pressure to repay loans is not too great, but the actual results are not ideal. . In the case of last resort, the provincial finance has adopted a method of deducting loans from the financial budget.

2. Work is floating and management is extensive. Some places cannot be handled according to project requirements

Things are very random, and the situation of misappropriation and detention of funds has occurred from time to time; some places do not pay attention to in-depth and meticulous work of the people, cannot properly study and implement the operating mechanism, and are accustomed to extensive management of large-scale and large-scale management. The upper side is hot and the people do not understand, do not support, and have the psychology to cope with the customs. As a result, it affects both the afforestation effect and the labor and the loss of the people, causing adverse effects. Therefore, during the implementation of the second phase of the project, the implementation of several county projects had to be suspended.

3. Insufficient understanding and insufficient cooperation. Forestry is an important component of the national economy

In part, the development of forestry is an important responsibility of governments at all levels, and the World Bank project afforestation is not only a matter of the forestry sector, it involves many issues such as technology, policy, land, poverty alleviation, and a wide range of people’s work, so It requires close cooperation and strong support from all relevant departments. In Lincheng, Zhuolu, Chengde and other counties, the county party committee and county government attach great importance to the project afforestation, and take the project afforestation as a project to enrich the people and the government, as an entry point for the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure and the growth point of the rural economy, and actively coordinate forestry. The departments of agriculture, land, water conservancy, poverty alleviation, and finance have formed a situation of joint management and achieved good results. In comparison, in some project counties, the project afforestation is not enough, support and coordination is not enough, the work method is simple, but the forestry department itself is fighting alone, which affects the smooth progress of the project construction.

Some comments and suggestions

1. Improve thinking and understanding and strengthen organizational leadership. Expanding opening up is a basic policy of forestry construction in our province. Drawing on and utilizing foreign capital, technology and management experience is an important way to promote the development of forestry in our province. The use of World Bank loans for afforestation, first, the long loan time, and the second is the guarantee of funds, which is in line with the characteristics of the long period of forestry production and in line with the basic national conditions of China's primary stage of socialism. At present, the World Bank loan afforestation project in our province has achieved significant ecological, economic and social benefits, and has been welcomed by the general public. However, the use of foreign capital for afforestation is strictly and cumbersome in terms of management and the success or failure of project construction is related to the international image of governments at all levels. Therefore, leaders at all levels must fully understand the importance of using foreign capital for afforestation, further enhance quality awareness, efficiency awareness and risk awareness, and earnestly grasp the project construction. At present, all localities must overcome the fear of distress and the luck of waiting, relying on, and dragging. From the height of maintaining the image of the government at all levels of government and the image of the forestry department, we must strengthen leadership, implement responsibilities, strengthen measures, and conscientiously supervise and ensure The quality and efficiency of the construction project will be completed and the finishing work of the completed project will be completed. In particular, in the issue of repayment of loans in the first phase of the project, it is necessary to take effective measures such as target assessment, budgetary and overall arrangement, and existing young forest auction subcontracting, and complete the loan repayment task according to the plan.

2. Strict management and quality assurance. The second phase of the World Bank Forestry Project in our province will be XX

At the end of the year, the completion acceptance is summarized. The third phase is under implementation and the fourth phase is launched this fall. World Bank loan afforestation is a liability operation, and the quality of afforestation must be placed first in all circumstances. At present, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and serious inspection of the projects that have been built or under construction. On this basis, the second phase of the project should be based on the investigation of the young forests, and at the same time as the completion summary, this autumn and the next spring must be the second and third classes. Lin will carry out replanting and replanting to further consolidate the achievements of afforestation; the third phase of the project should focus on promoting drought-resistant afforestation technology, and while ensuring the quality of afforestation, speed up the progress to compensate for the losses caused by the slow progress of the previous two years. Regarding the implementation of the fourth phase of the project, it is time to make arrangements. First, prepare for the project start-up meeting, second, start the construction design of the afforestation operation, and third, do a good job including the project implementation plan, project implementation rules, inspection and acceptance. The preparation, formulation and corresponding training of various methods and procedures such as methods, accounting methods, and accounts withdrawal methods ensure the high starting point and high quality of the fourth phase of the project, making it a high-quality project for high-efficiency forestry in the new century. Windows project.

3 Strengthen cooperation and form synergy. According to the development situation of forestry in the new era, the state has integrated the forestry construction project into six major projects, one of which is the construction of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest base. The gap between timber supply and demand in our province is relatively large. This contradiction will gradually increase with the increase in demand for wood due to the start of natural forest protection project and economic development. To this end, only a large area to develop fast-growing and high-yield timber forests is the cure. At present, the development of fast-growing and high-yield timber forests is not only the need to resolve the contradiction between the supply and demand of timber, but also the need to optimize the industrial structure and increase the income of farmers. To this end, the forestry departments at all levels must work closely with the relevant departments such as the Finance, Planning Commission, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Industry to jointly study and formulate the development plan for the fast-growing and high-yield timber forests and the supporting policies to support them, and to make the World Bank project “reporting system”. The integration of successful experiences will enable the province's commodity forestry construction to move toward a benign development path.