China Adult Higher Education Survey Report

First, the formation and development of adult higher education


China's current adult higher education began in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The earliest appeared were the TV University, the self-study exam for adult higher education, and the provincial and foreign education colleges of the education department. Later, various ordinary colleges and universities also set up adult education colleges, and they were involved in adult higher education. Correspondence universities have also emerged.

The rise of adult higher education has its social causes. From the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966 to the formal resumption of the college entrance examination in 1977, there have been a large number of talents in the society. They are eager for knowledge and eager to receive more education. One or two years of college entrance examinations cannot accommodate so many people. The thirst for all kinds of adult colleges and universities has provided more people with the opportunity to receive higher education, to meet the needs of society for knowledge and education, and to cultivate talents for China at the beginning of reform and opening up.

There are two types of adult higher education in China, one is the adult college entrance examination and the other is the self-study exam for higher education.

The adult college entrance examination is to organize adult college entrance examinations and to lower the requirements relative to the formal college entrance examination. According to the scores of the exams, all kinds of adult colleges, such as TV universities, vocational colleges, letters or formal colleges and universities, are admitted to the college. After several years of study, an education method after graduation, the whole process and the formal college entrance examination Similar to higher education, relatively regular, generally as long as they can be admitted, most can graduate, people say "to go in difficult, easy to come out."

The self-study exam for higher education is directly applied by the candidates themselves, and then self-study. Each exam passed one course, and all the courses for the majors are completed, and the self-study management institution issues a diploma. Because the candidates are self-study, it is difficult to pass. At the beginning of the self-test, the pass rate of most courses is only 10%. In addition, some people get married during their self-study, have children, work and work, and give up their studies. Therefore, the graduation rate is very low. People say that it is easy to go in and it is difficult to come out.

The emergence of adult higher education has greatly compensated for the insufficiency of China's higher education. For the majority of scholars in the college entrance examination, in addition to the "Double Bridge", it has created a new path for higher education, which is in urgent need of talents after the Cultural Revolution and extremely lack of talents. The society provides a large number of talents. In the 20 years after the reform and opening up, adult higher education has a total of 9,242,100 graduates and junior college students. Since the establishment of the self-study examination system for higher education, the number of applicants has reached more than XX million.


Second, the development and flood of adult higher education



With the development of China's reform and opening up, the culture of respecting knowledge and respecting talents has gradually formed. However, the emphasis on academic qualifications, light abilities, and academic qualifications has also led to the phenomenon of linking education with employment, wages, titles, and promotion. These phenomena make people forced to find ways to create a high degree of education for themselves. The single-wood bridge of the college entrance examination can't pass, so they have to find a way to become a teacher.

The huge demand will inevitably bring huge benefits, so all kinds of forces will be together to form a group of adult higher education. All enterprises and institutions run various management cadre colleges, training colleges, staff colleges, various people's organizations, individuals to run a variety of self-study universities, teaching points. These schools have no venues, they rent Chinese small classrooms and even warehouses. If there are no teachers, they will hire retired teachers from universities. If they do not have the qualifications to run, they will find a place to call. Some of these social schools serve as teaching points for adult colleges, recruiting adult college entrance examination students, and more are aimed at self-study students, who are engaged in self-study exams, that is, organize self-study students to attend classes, and later develop to apply for exams and purchase textbooks. It has become a kind of school education.

Since the early 1990s, some universities and their affiliated departments have also started self-study exams, and they have used their own venues and teachers to get the most out of them. Adult education colleges and self-study colleges affiliated to colleges and universities have become the main force of adult higher education, while traditional TV universities and vocational colleges have retired to a secondary position.

There are many tricks for colleges and universities to help students. They are divided into so-called “long-term” and “short-term”. “Short-term” graduation is easier than “long-term”. Of course, the price is much higher. But for the majority of candidates and parents, it doesn't matter if you are expensive, as long as you can get a diploma. Even some people just want to get a college or undergraduate diploma, to enter a certain unit, or to evaluate their titles, raise their salary, and get a job. It doesn't matter if you don't learn to get knowledge, and form a situation for diplomas.

Due to the abnormal needs of the society for the diploma, it also led to the abnormal development of adult higher education. The academic system is getting shorter and shorter, and the price is getting higher and higher. Anyway, if you pay for it, I will help you get the diploma. In order to strive for the source of students, that is, for money, unscrupulous means, adult higher education, more and more deviate from the original intention of the original establishment.


Third, adult higher education has lost social credit


Education industrialization is a very popular word today, but in fact, in the field of adult education, industrialization began as early as the late 1980s and early 1990s. Adult higher education institutions, like factories, recruit students in batches, go through the same class, let them go to class, and then graduate with a diploma.

Once again, the adult college entrance examination becomes a fragrant scent, because as long as it is admitted, it is generally not a problem. Compared with the self-study door, compared with the annual emergency, the adult college entrance examination can be said once and for all, and the number of adult college entrance examinations has increased year by year. However, the adult college entrance examination must be tested first. Although its standard is not high, there are still many people who can't test it. So someone has become a pre-university. It is said that as long as you have passed the preparatory course, you can usually get it. In fact, it is to buy money. An adult college entrance examination passed. Some adult students give gifts to the teacher before the exam, and the teacher will push the boat, reveal the questions, relax the invigilation, and raise the hand. It is true that you have a diploma and I am happy.

Compared with the self-study, adult education is relatively standard, because the colleges and universities must also bear a little responsibility for the diploma they issued. The self-study is even more confusing, because the self-study college does not issue a diploma, just attending classes, without any responsibility. In order to compete for students, many self-study colleges have promised to graduate from the students, and we can graduate as long as we are not fools. How do you pack it?

1. Competing for test sites. Some university departments have "short-term" classes, and the university is a test center. The students in the "short-term" class of the school are arranged on high floors or remote examination rooms. The inspectors from outside are accompanied by the staff of the school. In the examination room, the teachers in the examination room are all in the school. They are greeted in advance, and they glance at each other. The cheating in Hong Kong comedy is all here.

2. Some universities are self-study schools. What to sell tickets, regardless of the school, foreign school, as long as you buy a high-priced ticket of 100 yuan, I will give you a question, the argument changed when the exam, change the soup does not change the medicine.

3, some schools are vying for the school to read the papers. Inform the student in advance what brand to use, what color pen. When I read the papers, I found that some people couldn't answer them. Naturally, some people used the same pen to help them answer. Can you say that this can be done?

There are recruits in the school, and students also have recruits. During the self-test, the copying points near the test sites are extremely hot, and they are all copying cheating. "High-tech means" have been applied, and various professional typesetting softwares have shown their talents. The small strips of the 7th word column have become a must for candidates. Many candidates buy two textbooks, one for the exam, and one for the body. Mobile phones, pagers, and quick translations all go into battle. Some candidates joked that "the copy is a good man, not copying is a fool, self-test is not a test, is a means of examination and copy", some honest candidates sighed "every day, it is better to never go to class, end in the middle of the endorsement It’s not as good as the one on the examination room."

It is such an examination, in the "College English", "Advanced Mathematics" and other subjects still can not pass, some people do not know copying there! No way, please the gunman, once the exam, find the gunman to take the test on the university and online, and some people organize the test company, the author outside the examination room, a person to give the author a leaflet, actually provide a test advertisment.

In recent years, the discipline of the examination room has been repeatedly emphasized, but the collective cheating has increased, and the test of the gunmen has increased. Whether it is the candidates themselves or the society, it is actually a matter of self-study and adult education. There are counts in the heart, and they are really based on the test. several.

At the same time as the self-study and the authenticity of adult education decline, the society's recognition of adult education and self-study is also greatly reduced. Newspaper advertisement recruitment is often clearly stated in academic qualifications, except for full-time students or five major students. Nationally recognized diplomas have gradually disappeared from social recognition.


Fourth, adult higher education reform is imperative


At present, adult higher education has lost its original meaning and gradually turned into an exchange of money and education. And with the expansion of the university, the phenomenon of high consumption of talents. Adult education and self-study have evolved from specialist to undergraduate, and now they have entered the postgraduate education, from spontaneous diplomas to diplomas and degrees. In this way, there will be more and more graduate students, bachelors, and masters who are not qualified. Who can guarantee that one day there will be no self-study "parallel" doctors?

The current social situation is very different from that of the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, China was in short supply with high education, and now undergraduates can't find a job. At present, the number of enrolled students in ordinary higher education institutions has greatly increased. In addition to the higher vocational education in recent years, the gap between supply and demand in higher education has decreased. Large-scale adult higher education is no longer necessary.

The current college entrance examination system has also been adjusted, regardless of age, marriage or not can be admitted to the university. Adult education and formal college education can be combined and unified. Adults can be organized to participate in the formal college entrance examinations. Individual examination rooms can be set up. Candidates and freshmen who receive full-time academic education enjoy a high status. The same high-level textbooks, except sports and other courses, graduated according to the same requirements. The difference is that the study time is different and the class is taught in spare time. This can guarantee the level and quality of adult education, and it can also make the education of adult education students regain the trust and recognition of the society.

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