Investigation report on the construction of forest seedlings in our province

Forest seedlings are the basis and premise of forestry construction. For forestry to develop, seedlings are the key. In order to further improve the construction of forest seedlings in our province and promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of forestry in our province, we organized a detailed investigation of the forest seedlings in the province, and made several comments based on this, which are summarized as follows:

I. Basic situation of forest seedling construction in our province

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, the province has continuously increased its efforts in seedlings and achieved remarkable results.

Established a number of forest fruit breeding bases

Since the 1970s, the province has adopted self-raising and provincial joint ventures and other forms. It has built 10 good breeding bases such as Pinus tabulaeformis, larch, Populus tomentosa, Robinia, chestnut and golden silk jujube, totaling 13889.5 mu. Among them, the excellent tree is 365.5 mu, the mother tree is 7403.9 mu, the seed garden is 2866.5 mu, and the annual seed garden seed is more than 600 kg. Among them: three varieties of fine oil pine base, covering an area of ​​5,297 acres. Among them, Yushu collected 亩55 acres and collected 662 excellent tree resources. The seed garden is 2019.18 mu, the mother forest is 2404.3 mu, and the experimental forest is 819.49 mu. Twenty-one excellent clones were selected by progeny measurement, with an annual output of more than 100 kg of seed of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings; a loess seedling base with an area of ​​6598.5 mu. Among them, excellent tree resources collected 圃100.5 acres, collecting 800 clones. 847.5 acres of seed garden, 4999.9 acres of mother trees, & 127; 651 acres of experimental forest. 40 excellent families and 37 excellent clones were selected by progeny measurement, with an annual output of more than 500 kg of larch seed orchard; two places of Maoyangyang Liangfan, with an area of ​​844 mu. Among them, 圃50 acres were collected and 265 excellent clones of Populus tomentosa were collected. 50 acres of picking stalks, 694 acres of breeding rafts, 250 acres of forest. Four excellent clones of Populus tomentosa have been selected and hybridized to produce seven lines of triploid Populus. It has an annual output of 1 million seedlings of improved seedlings, more than 3 million seedlings and scions, and a base of white peony roots with an area of ​​200 mu. Among them, 30 acres were collected and 131 excellent clones were collected. Determine 150 acres of forest. Eleven clones of white peony have been selected and bred, and one insect-resistant pupa has been bred; one of the bases of the locusts has a total area of ​​300 mu. Among them, 50 acres were collected and 271 clones were collected. 50 acres of picking stalks, & 127; 100 acres of seed orchards, 100 acres of forest. Twenty-five excellent clones were selected; one chestnut breeding base, with a total area of ​​750 acres. Among them, 50 acres were collected and 136 chestnut varieties were collected. There are 150 acres of good-quality demonstration gardens, 100 acres of breeding rafts and 450 acres of experimental forests. Six excellent varieties have been selected. It can produce 150,000 fine seedlings and 100,000 seedlings of good seedlings; one place of Jinsi jujube and good breeding base, with a total area of ​​600 mu. Among them, 30 acres were collected and 203 jujube varieties were collected. The harvesting hoe is 261.2 mu, the demonstration garden is 50 mu, the Liangfan is 90 mu, and the culmination is 100 mu. 30 excellent varieties have been selected, and the annual output of fine seedlings is 3 to 4 million, and the number of seedlings is 100,000. The establishment of these bases has played an important role in the selection, introduction, breeding and promotion of good varieties of forest fruit.

Nursery and state-owned nursery production continue to develop

Since the reform and opening up, the forestry seedlings in our province have made great progress. So far, the province has 366 state-owned nurseries, 4238 collective nurseries and 24,362 individual nurseries. The annual nursery area of ​​the province is maintained at 25-27 thousand mu, including 16-18 million mu of new seedlings. The province's annual production of 800 million seedlings, including 130 million seedlings of good seedlings, can basically meet the needs of afforestation and greening in the province; in state-owned nurseries, 162 state-owned nurseries belonging to county-level forestry authorities belong to 156 nurseries, The total area is 66,000 mu, including 33,000 mu of nursery area, with an annual output of 260 million seedlings. With the development of forest seedlings, a number of advanced models emerged in the construction of state-owned nurseries. For example, Weixian Miaoyu insisted on seedlings, actively carried out thorough breeding, and relied on scientific and technological progress to create first-class performance for local economic and forestry development. Made positive contributions; Zanhuang County Miaoyu has developed a market-oriented, technology-based support, with Zanhuang jujube and superior walnut breeding as a breakthrough, and the development of Taihang Mountain greenery as the focus of science and technology. New way. At the same time, with the development of the market economy and the adjustment of the planting structure, the number of sports seedlings has increased rapidly, and the area of ​​nursery has been expanding.

Seedling industry management tends to improve

First, an administrative law enforcement team was established. A total of 67 people in the province passed the training assessment and obtained the administrative enforcement certificates issued by the people's governments at various levels, including 7 provincial stations, 21 municipal stations, and 39 county-level stations. Second, new progress has been made in the construction of seedling regulations. The Measures for the Management of Forest Seeds and Seedlings in Hebei Province are currently being revised and improved. The third is to establish a seedling quality inspection agency. In order to strengthen the supervision and management of seedling quality, with the approval of the provincial editorial board, the “Hebei Provincial Forest Seeds Quality Supervision and Inspection Station” was established in November 1998. In December of the same year, it passed the measurement certification and examination and approval of the Provincial Technical Supervision Bureau. And has exercised the supervision and inspection function. The fourth is the establishment of a good seed certification committee. In December 1991, the Hebei Provincial Forest and Wood Variety Examination and Approval Committee was established, and the “Measures for the Examination and Approval of Forest Trees in Hebei Province” was formulated, and the degree of customization of forest trees was established. In the past few years, the province has approved a total of 32 varieties of 20 species of forest fruit, including 9 species and 15 varieties passed the examination of the National Fine Seeds Certification Committee, laying the foundation for the realization of forestry in the province. The establishment of these institutions and the establishment of various systems indicate that the management of forestry seedlings in our province has gradually embarked on the track of legalization and standardization, and a situation of legal treatment is taking shape.

Seedling project construction has achieved practical results

In order to achieve breakthroughs in forestry, we have implemented a forestry project in 1998. In accordance with the “Implementation Plan for Forest Seeds and Seedlings Project of Forestry Department of Hebei Province”, the competition mechanism was introduced, and bidding was carried out for the project. Three provincial-level forest fruit breeding demonstrations were established from 55 bidders to demonstrate the nursery and five municipalities. Demonstration of the nursery construction project and the introduction of 9 forest fruit varieties. The provincial department signed the "Introduction Project Contract" and the "Demonstration Nursery Construction Agreement" with the winning bidder, and the provincial seedling management station implemented project management according to the contract. From the results of the joint evaluation of the 8 箇 winning bidders by the provincial and departmental joint evaluation team in September this year, each nursery has completed the construction tasks stipulated in the contract. Among them, the infrastructure construction exceeded the tasks, the management level was generally improved, and the image construction was significantly improved. In particular, the breeding rate of seedling production reached over 80%, and the high reached 100%. The introduction of competitive incentive mechanism in the construction of seedling engineering is a bold reform in the history of forestry construction, which has enabled the limited funds to exert maximum effectiveness and greatly mobilized the market awareness, competition awareness and quality awareness of grassroots units and management departments. The development of seedlings.

Second, the main problems in the construction of seedlings

Although the forest seedling work in our province has achieved some achievements, it still does not meet the needs of forestry development. The main problems are:

1. The number of forestry seed bases is small and the structure needs to be adjusted. There are only 10 forest seed breeding bases in the province, which is less than one third of the advanced provinces. Except for Pinus tabulaeformis, larch, Populus tomentosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, White peony, Golden silk jujube and a few species of chestnut, most other species have not built a good base. In particular, the breeding bases of economic forest trees need to be increased. Due to the breeding, breeding and detachment of new varieties in our province, the breeding, production and supply of improved seedlings lag behind, which has affected the improvement of forestry construction quality and efficiency. In addition, the original base has a single tree species that cannot effectively meet market demand and is difficult to resist the market. Economic risks, there is an urgent need to adjust the structure.

2. Insufficient investment in forest trees is difficult to further improve. Since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", the state has only invested 200,000 yuan in the construction of forest trees in the province every year. In addition, with the supporting funds of the provincial finance, it can only maintain the original production level, and it is impossible to develop and improve. For example, the Pinus tabulaeformis seed orchard is still at the level of primary breeding, and it is urgent to build a 1.5-generation seed orchard. At the same time, due to the long forest breeding cycle, slow effect and low economic efficiency, most forestry breeding experts have turned to other topics, resulting in brain drain.

3. The promotion of conifers is difficult. The results of the comparison test of the nursery seedlings and the test forest showed that the seedlings were planted with ordinary seeds for 60 years, and the seedlings were reforested for 39 years, and the dry shape was good. However, due to the high production cost of improved varieties, the long growth period of forest trees, and the lack of long-term concepts of the people, the promotion is difficult, and sometimes there are fewer and more good varieties.
4. The state-owned nursery has weak infrastructure and low economic returns. According to our survey: among the state-owned nurseries in the province, 35.5% of the nurseries accounted for a relatively good business and profitable; 39% were able to maintain normal production, and the income and expenditure were generally flat; 25.5% of the poverty losses. The reason is that the state-owned nursery management mechanism is not flexible, the history is heavy, the seedling cost is high, the nursery soil conditions are poor, the infrastructure is weak, and the start-up funds are lacking.

5. The intensity of legal treatment is not enough. In addition to the "Forest Law" formulated by the State and the "Seed Management Regulations" promulgated by the State Council, there are no regulations on seedlings in our province; the forestry authorities have not formed a joint force with the industrial and commercial, taxation and other departments, and the seedling circulation channels are not smooth. The construction is not standardized; the seedling quality supervision and inspection system has not been established. Due to the lack of effective seedling management mechanisms and restraint methods, the phenomenon of unlicensed production and management in the society is still quite serious.

These problems have affected the sustained, rapid and healthy development of forestry in our province, which must be highly valued by us and carefully studied and resolved in future work.

3. Suggestions on the development of seedlings in our province

According to the current situation of forestry seedlings in our province and the needs of the development of afforestation and afforestation in the province, in view of the main problems existing in the current situation, the overall thinking of seedling construction in our province should be: strengthen and improve the construction of improved breeding bases, and utilize the original varieties. Improve and rely on, and seek steady development; increase the intensity of introduction work, introduce, select, promote and renew innovation. Adhere to the development of science and technology, treat seeds according to law, peg to the market, win with superiority, and develop seed Miaokun production into an emerging industry in forestry in our province. To this end, make the following recommendations:

1. Strengthen and improve the construction of improved breeding bases. The forest seedlings and seedlings are technology-intensive products with high technological content and great contributions. The breeding base is a foundation and starting point for a good breeding project. Under the premise of protecting and utilizing the existing improved resources, the construction of improved breeding bases should build a new breeding base, focus on the collection, reproduction and promotion of excellent resources, and increase the contribution rate of seedlings to forestry. It is necessary to carry out classification guidance for the existing breeding bases for forest fruit and good quality, and work hard to improve functions and improve efficiency. It is necessary to intensify reforms, adjust the structure, expand the scale, and continue to implement the fifteen-word policy of “multi-species, multi-species, multi-generation, multi-functional, high-efficiency”, and strive to build a rational layout, complete functions, high efficiency, and special varieties of fruit trees. base. In accordance with the principle of “peg the market and win with superiority”, we will further increase the selection, introduction, breeding and promotion of fine varieties. Achieve breakthroughs in the introduction and breeding of improved forest species, and use the breakthrough of high-tech, efficient and rapid-growing forestry seedlings and the breakthrough of improved varieties.

In the breeding of improved varieties, we must closely focus on the two major systems of forestry construction and the demand for seedlings of “two high and one excellent” forestry, relying on the fine seed base, and joint research with scientific research and teaching units to adjust and improve the seed garden management plan and High generation breeding program. Establish a larch artificial hybrid seed or a natural hybrid seed orchard composed of two clones and a 1.5-generation seed garden of Pinus tabulaeformis. Further orientation improvement will improve the genetic quality of the improved species.

Further improve the expanded breeding technology system of excellent resources. For tree species capable of large-scale asexual reproduction, grafting, cutting, tissue culture and other means should be integrated, and conditions should be created to develop in the direction of factory breeding; for species that can both sexually and asexually propagate It is necessary to develop a breeding technology that combines sexual and asexual reproduction. For tree species that can only be sexually propagated, it is necessary to focus on the selection and management of seed garden clones, artificially assisted pollination, and the use of fruit flour to low cost and high efficiency. The seed production technology, thus accelerating the pace of breeding.

It is necessary to increase the promotion of improved varieties and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Vigorously promote the fine varieties that have been approved or recognized by the Ministry. Adhere to the propaganda and demonstration, use legal, administrative, and economic means to establish an incentive mechanism, implement high-quality and high-price, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the general public to use good varieties. It is necessary to strengthen organization and coordination, combine seedlings to adjust and allocate, prioritize the use of improved varieties, and do a good job in the connection between seed production and afforestation plans, especially in combination with engineering afforestation.

In view of the small number and low grade of the forestry and fruit breeding bases in our province, we are actively preparing to build a number of forestry and fruit production bases. In particular, it is necessary to build a breeding base for economic forests and fruit trees. Focusing on improving quality and efficiency, we will do a good job in the regulation and guidance of the development of economic forests and fruit trees. Persimmon, jujube and walnut are the main areas in the Taihang Mountains. The apples, pears, peaches, apricots, grapes, jujubes and plums are mainly developed in the plains and shallow mountainous areas to promote the scale, high-grade of famous, special, rare and excellent fruits. The direction of development.

2. Clearly introduce the main attack direction and vigorously carry out the introduction work.

Introduction is a quick way to enrich the tree species needed for the development of forest fruit. The efforts to introduce good varieties of forest fruit from other provinces and foreign countries should be intensified. The main direction of the introduction work of our province should be: to identify tree species, introduce resources, build experimental forests, and improve the reproductive technology system as soon as possible. The introduction work should be carried out in strict accordance with the scientific introduction program. The introduced tree species should be determined according to the correlation between the introduced area and the ecological conditions of the introduced source area, the modern flora and the historical origin of the introduction. In 1999, the province introduced the three forest trees of Bankesong, Luojishan Huangsong and American Wild Red Sakura; in Banshang area and areas suitable for the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. The area and the northern part of the mountainous area of ​​northern Fujian are suitable for the introduction of American wild red cherry. At the same time, a number of improved resources of economic forests and fruit trees were introduced. The starting point for the introduction of resources should be high, the speed should be fast, and the materials should be diverse. Kun should establish a reasonable distribution network, coordinate the division of labor between the outlets, establish a mature breeding technology system as soon as possible, and formulate a reasonable directional improvement plan to Provide sufficient test seedlings, quickly occupy the market, and promote planting based on the success of the introduction test.

3 Grasping the construction of state-owned nursery and speeding up seedlings

At present, the afforestation and greening in our province has witnessed a good momentum of vigorous development. The construction of the six major ecological projects and the construction of fruit bases in the province require large seedlings and high quality of seedlings. It is urgent to adopt new technologies and establish a stable breeding base system. This requires us to do a good job in the construction of state-owned nurseries and to play its backbone, demonstration and radiation.

Build 2-3 large-scale modern demonstration nurseries, to achieve a high starting point, build high standards, produce high technology, and demonstrate high efficiency. Realize the integration of scientific research, production and sales. Experiment, demonstrate, and promote one-stop, making it the leader of the state-owned nursery demonstration.

Strengthen the management of state-owned nurseries. Focus on the construction of the leadership team of the nursery, the quality of technical personnel, the technical level and the construction of nursery infrastructure, etc., work hard on the tree species, variety, quantity and quality of seedling production, strengthen the quality and reputation, quality and market, quality To survive the market competition awareness, constantly adjust the production structure of seedlings, cultivate high-quality seedlings that are urgently needed in the famous, special, rare, excellent and new markets, improve market competitiveness and improve economic efficiency.

In the production of seedlings, it is necessary to work closely with the afforestation units to formulate seed production plans and to link up seed production and afforestation plans, especially in combination with engineering afforestation. Actively promote the use of improved varieties, adhere to science and technology as the guide, implement scientific seedlings, adopt advanced seedling technology, focus on container seedlings, greenhouse seedlings, all-light spray cutting and other technologies, widely promote the application of abt ​​rooting powder, and implement quality management throughout the whole process of seedling cultivation. , level checks, strict management, improve the quality of nursery.

Do a good job in solving the problem of state-owned poverty nursery. At present, there are still quite a few nurseries in our province who are in poverty, and the task of solving difficulties is still very heavy. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a plan for poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation as soon as possible, strengthen management, and actively guide the nursery through the "four exchanges" to enhance the awareness of reform and opening up, improve the ability to adapt and control the seedling market, and overcome the idea of ​​"equal, dependent, and demand". Seeking development. At the same time, we must actively strive to get rid of the poverty-stricken start-up funds and realize the poverty alleviation of the province's poverty-stricken nurseries as soon as possible.

4. Strengthening the management of diseases according to law and strengthening the quality management of seedlings

Strengthen the construction of seedling regulations, do a good job in research, and issue the "Administrative Measures for Forest Seeds and Seedlings in Hebei Province" as soon as possible, and strive to make new breakthroughs in local legislation. Implement seed production and operation license system, and standardize seed production and management activities. We will increase the enforcement of seedlings, rectify the seedling market in accordance with the law, severely punish the operation of fake and inferior seedlings, and harm the illegal behavior of the state and forest farmers, so that the seedling work in our province will gradually embark on the track of standardization and legalization.

Strengthen the supervision of seedling quality and establish a seeding quality sampling system. At present, there are still some quality problems in the forest seedlings in our province, especially the poor quality of the seeds of the aerial seeding afforestation, which seriously affects the effectiveness of the aerial seeding afforestation. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen quality supervision, give full play to the supervision function of the provincial seedling quality supervision and inspection station, increase the intensity of seedling quality sampling, conduct comprehensive quality inspections on seed and afforestation of forest seedlings in the province, and make the sampling rate reach 100. % and report the results of the sampling to the whole province, prohibiting unqualified seedlings from being used for afforestation and improving the quality of afforestation and greening.

All cities and key forestry counties shall establish and improve seedling management institutions and supervision and inspection institutions, equip with necessary inspection equipment and equipment, arrange professional inspection personnel, form the provincial forest seedling quality supervision and inspection station as the leader, take the city seedling station as the backbone, and the county forests. The seedling inspector relies on the seedling quality testing system to effectively control the quality of the forest seedlings in production, circulation and use.

Strengthen the certification of forest trees. After the scientific research results have been appraised, they must be reported to the Provincial Forest and Wood Trimming Committee. After being approved as a good variety, they can be promoted. The varieties that have not been approved or have not been approved but are not approved are not allowed to be promoted.

5. Increase investment in seedling construction and improve investment and use

Seedling work is the foundation of forestry construction and the fundamental factor affecting the speed, quality and efficiency of forestry construction. Therefore, leaders at all levels should attach great importance to and support the work of forest seedlings, give support in policy, and give a tilt on capital investment. It is necessary to establish a forest seedling development fund system in the province. The investment focuses on the construction of forest, fruit and flower breeding bases, the modernization of demonstration nursery construction, the introduction of improved varieties and the construction of seed quality supervision and inspection systems. In the use of funds, it is necessary to break the egalitarian big pot rice, and adopt competitive bidding, survival of the fittest, "investment by award" and "buy by investment" in the seedling work. The first is to establish a seedling project reward system. For the seedling investment, the “investment by award” will be implemented, with emphasis on subsidies. Reward the advanced units and advanced individuals in scientific research, introduction, breeding and promotion work to stimulate their work enthusiasm. The second is to establish a support mode of “buy and sell on behalf of the investment” to speed up the adoption of improved varieties. The third is to establish a reserve fund system for aerial seeding. To achieve the purpose of calming prices and balancing seed supply. The limited seedling investment will produce the greatest economic and social benefits, and the tasks of seedling work in our province will be completed with quality and quantity.

6. Raise awareness, strengthen leadership, and earnestly grasp the work of seedlings

Seedlings are the most basic means of production for forestry production, and are the basis for ensuring the progress of afforestation, improving the quality of forestry, and achieving the strategic goals of forestry development. If you really grasp technology, you must really catch seedlings. Governments at all levels and the competent forestry authorities must put seedling work on the important agenda, strengthen leadership, increase efforts, and enhance the awareness of reform and opening up, and earnestly do "deeply grasp the seedlings, advance the seedlings, and grasp the seedlings." It is necessary to establish a target responsibility system, formulate a supervision and inspection system, conduct regular inspections, level-by-level assessments, awards and penalties; strengthen seedling organizations and team building, maintain the stability of institutions and teams, effectively improve the management of seedlings and organize production, and promote The seedling business is developing healthily; it is necessary to equip the competent cadres, clarify the special personnel, and engage in seedling work to fully reflect the principle of “prioritizing the development of seedlings”, so that the seedling work can be organized, stable and healthy.