Summer practice report of the university to the northwestern Liaoning delegation

The summer vacation is coming to an end, and the summer social practice of college students will come to an end. Through social surveys, policy announcements, volunteer services, etc., understanding the national conditions and returning to the society is an ideal summer social practice for many college students.

background:

As we all know, because of the difficulty of governance and the great harm to human production and life, desertification is called "the cancer of the earth." Desertification is a global ecological problem and a major problem for the survival and development of the Chinese nation. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to it and have always regarded sand control and desertification as an important strategic task. They have successively launched the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project and the “Three-North” Protection Forest System Construction “Four Phases” Project, Returning Farmland to Forests, and Returning Animal Husbandry. A series of major ecological construction projects, such as grass, grassland protection, and comprehensive management of small watersheds, have carried out centralized management of key areas and ecologically fragile areas, and promoted the continuous improvement of the national ecological situation. At the same time, the situation of combating desertification in China is still not optimistic and has a long way to go.

During this summer vacation, more than ten people from Northeastern University's “Cultural Mission to the Northwest of Liaoning Province in XX Years” came to Kezuoqi Banner in Inner Mongolia and Zhanggutai in Liaoning Province to conduct field visits and study to understand the northwestern Liaoning and surrounding areas. The outstanding achievements of sand prevention and control have realized the connection between the coordinated development of ecology and society, so as to raise the awareness of the world to pay attention to ecology.

Introduction:

Kezuohouqi: Kerqin Zuoyi Houqi is located in the southeast of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It borders on the border of Kangping, Zhangwu and Changtu counties in Liaoning Province, borders on Shuangliao City in Jilin Province in the east, and is in the north and west in Tongluo City. District, Kezuo Zhongqi, Kailu County, Naiman Banner, and Kulun Banner are connected. Ganqika Town, where the flag government is located, is the political, economic and cultural center of the whole flag. The total land area of ​​the whole flag is 115,500 square kilometers, with a total population of 390,000, of which the Mongolian accounted for 72%. The Mongolian nationality is the majority of the national flag, and the Mongolian and Chinese are full of 11 ethnic groups.

Zhang Gutai: Zhang Gutai is located on the northwestern edge of Liaoning Province, north of Zhangwu County. It is located in the southeastern outpost of Horqin Sandy Land. It is connected to Sihe Township in Zhangwu in the east, the Horqin Leftwing Banner in Inner Mongolia in the west, Fengjia Town and Daling Mongolian Township in the south, and Dade Township and Alxiang Town in the southeast.

Main itinerary:

Kezuoqiqi Forestry Bureau: We first came to the Kozuoqi Banner Forestry Bureau. The Director of the Forestry Bureau personally received us and introduced us to the local situation enthusiastically: in history, it was once a lush forest steppe, but because of The long-term unreasonable use of this landscape has severely damaged this landscape and formed a large area of ​​sandy desertification land. The coverage of the Senri of the Kozuoqi Banner fell from the previous year's 14.6% to a record low of 5.2%. Whenever the monsoon blows, the quicksand rolls with the wind, burying villages, farmland, and traffic jams, seriously threatening the production and life of the local people. However, with the reform and opening up, the local implementation of the "ecological flag" strategy, vigorously carried out seed irrigation and ban protection work, the local ecological environment has been significantly improved, the forest coverage rate has climbed to 17.2%, setting a record high. We are very happy to hear this message.

Zhanggutai Station of Liaoning Provincial Wind and Sand Research Institute Base: The base stationmaster warmly received us. Zhang has mainly introduced the following contents to me: The Fengsha Land Research Base was founded in 1963 and is based on the semi-arid agro-ecological zone in western Liaoning Province. To carry out multidisciplinary research on agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. The park undertakes 3 national-level construction projects, 4 provincial-level projects and many other research or teaching projects. The base has carried out research on the technology of sand-fixing forest management, prevention and control of forest pests and diseases, introduction of trees, breeding and improvement, ecosystem and function of sand-fixing forests, construction techniques of mixed forest forest grassland and cultivation of fruit trees in sandy land. Six modes of aeolian sandy land management, such as three-dimensional agro-ecological model, high-efficiency water-saving ecological model, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecological model, and 10,000 hybrid sheep breeding and breeding technology models, have been formed, and huge ecological, social and economic benefits have been generated. Although the wind and sand improvement base has achieved rich scientific research results, the current situation of sand prevention and control is still not optimistic, and more people need to work together.

problem analysis:

Kezuoqiqi has achieved excellent results in sand control and sand control. I think the main reasons are as follows:

1) Zuohouqi clearly put forward the ecological construction idea of ​​“taking irrigation grass as the entry point and insisting on protection and construction”, and formulated the specific target of comprehensively controlling 1 million mu of sand and planting 300,000 mu of trees per year. In the ecological construction, according to the distribution of soil types and the actual conditions of each place, according to the requirements of the comprehensive planning and construction of “Shanshui Lintian Road”, the rural boundary is broken, and the whole flag is divided into three types of zones, and comprehensive classification and management are implemented.

2) The government fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen and the whole society to manage and develop the sand area: Kezuohouqi encourages units or individuals with operational ability to purchase and contract the “four shortages” of Yilin, and the right to use is unchanged for a long time, allowing inheritance, Transfer and mortgage. We will vigorously support individual afforestation, exempt existing forest land and new forest land from forest land use fees, and implement integrated industrial development. Farmland developed within the scope of key ecological projects and “four shortages” is exempted from land use tax and exempted from agricultural special product tax for 5 years. In terms of construction investment, we will implement a diversified investment mechanism that focuses on people's investment, local investment, and state investment. At the same time, pay close attention to forestry science and technology promotion and technical services. During the annual afforestation period, the working group will be sent to the first line of forestry production tracking service, on-site guidance to ensure the implementation of afforestation plots, seedlings, personnel, technology and materials, and continuously improve the quality and efficiency of forestry production.

3) Increased efforts to ban grazing and grazing. For the national key project areas, ecologically fragile areas, artificial grasslands, young forest land, and banned areas, the grazing prohibition is adhered to throughout the year. Severely punishing the illegal activities of destroying forest and grassland resources such as illegal logging, squandering and grazing, deforestation, and ensuring the healthy development of forestry in the whole flag.

In short, the successful experience of Kezuo Houqi was obtained by the joint efforts of the government, the people, and the scientific and technological personnel.

Zhang Gutai also brought us rich enlightenment: Zhang Gutai invested heavily in the research of scientific sand control and sand control. It has carried out the construction technology and benefits of farmland shelterbelt, the technology of sand-fixing forest, the ecosystem and function of sand-fixing forest, and the mixed forest. The research on the construction technology of the grassland shelter forest provides a guarantee for the stable production and high yield of agriculture. With the expansion of forest land and the growth of trees, the research content has been deepened and expanded.

However, compared with the Kozuoqi Banner, Zhang Gutai’s performance in sand prevention and control is still slightly inferior, mainly reflected in: although the government’s sand control and sand control is huge, it lacks cooperation with the peasant people; The method is relatively simple, mainly relying on afforestation, and lack of effective supervision, resulting in low survival rate of trees; the varieties of crops grown locally are relatively simple, and some crops are highly destructive to the soil.

Promotion suggestions:

The government and relevant departments must form a good pattern of multi-sectoral co-management, continue to increase investment in economic and scientific research, formulate science and technology policies and related laws that match the project, and play an important role in planning, monitoring, organization and coordination. effect. Therefore, it will promote the new stage of project-driven, policy-driven, technology-driven and legal system promotion.

It is necessary to carry out sand control and sand control according to law. With the official implementation of the Law on Prevention and Control of Desertification on January 1, 2002, the work of preventing and controlling desertification has entered the legal track. Relevant departments should step up law enforcement, standardize sand control behaviors, and strictly implement the three prohibition measures of "immobilization, imprisonment, and ban on grazing", stop the phenomenon of side control and destruction, and protect forest and grass vegetation in the sand area.

Sand prevention and control should strengthen cooperation with the people, reduce relevant taxes and fees, mobilize the people's enthusiasm for sand prevention and control, actively guide them to carry out scientific sand control activities, and promote the rapid, coordinated, and healthy development of sand prevention and control.

To achieve the organic unity of ecological improvement and economic development, on the basis of governance, the development and utilization of desertified land, comprehensive development and comprehensive utilization of desertified land from agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, etc., such as tourism resources, wind energy resources, Light energy resources, mineral resources, plant resources, agricultural and livestock products processing, fruit and dried fruit production. Under the premise of ecological protection, the development and utilization of desertified land will promote local economic development in desertification areas, promote farmers' income, improve people's living standards, ease the direct pressure of population on land, and reduce and completely eliminate human beings' natural resources. Rational use, at the same time, will also enhance the economic strength of desertification land.

Sand prevention and control should comprehensively implement the scientific development concept, adhere to scientific governance and comprehensive management, adhere to the principle of prevention, scientific management, and rational utilization, and continue to strengthen basic research and application research on sand prevention and control, and improve scientific research. In accordance with the laws of nature and economy, comprehensive use of the legal system, economy, administration, policy and science and technology, and adopt various measures such as forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry, water conservancy and poverty alleviation, treating both the symptoms and the root causes, adapting to local conditions and comprehensively managing, and fully promoting the comprehensive development of the sand area. Combating desertification.

Through the above measures, we will finally realize the long-term goal of “the sand is green, the ecology is good, and the people are rich”, so that the people in the sand area can truly live in the Ansha District and the Lesha Industry.

postscript:

This summer practice has exercised our will and exercised our ability to investigate problems, analyze problems, and solve problems, which has benefited us a lot.

Through this practice, we are delighted to learn about the outstanding achievements of the Kozuoqi Banner, Zhang Gutai and even the whole country in the prevention and control of desertification, and the valuable experience accumulated over the past decades, although there are still a large number of desertified land suitable for governance throughout the country. Urgent governance, land desertification is still expanding in some places, but we believe that through our efforts, China's desertification will see a significant improvement.