Financial work summary

The relationship between social investment and financing institutions and enterprises is the relationship between shareholders, investors and enterprises. The most important aspect in this regard is to improve the operating rules of the securities stock market. At the same time as cultivating and standardizing social investment and financing institutions, we should speed up the improvement of relevant rules of the securities stock market, especially accounting and auditing rules. Through the development of social investment and financing institutions, institutional investors have become the mainstay of the securities stock market, thus promoting the market to regulate; on the other hand, through the regulation of the securities stock market, the relationship between social investment and financing institutions and listed companies It tends to standardize and lays the foundation for the establishment of a modern enterprise system. ?

Social investment and financing institutions are the relationship of market competition. The most important thing in this regard is to improve the relevant rules of entry, operation and withdrawal to prevent unfair competition. ?

In recent years, with the increase of stock market risks, various forms of investment funds have developed rapidly with the development of high-tech industries. This is also an objective trend in the development of investment and financing activities under the current ownership of property. In this regard, we should actively guide and standardize it so that it can be spontaneously and consciously as soon as possible, and closely integrate this process with the activities of perfecting the rules and order of the socialist market economy and promote each other. Accelerating the development of social investment and financing institutions and accelerating the development of the securities stock market will lay the basic structure for the new investment and financing system and will become the most effective institutional basis for launching private investment.

CCTV's focus interview column reported on November 10, 1999 that the Siping Municipal Government of Jilin Province, in order to support the city's major taxpayer and key enterprise, Siping Cigarette Factory, convened a meeting of responsible persons of all counties and districts, and reached a sales meeting at the meeting. The guiding tasks of the Jiji cigarettes produced by the tobacco factory are assigned to the county by the city, distributed to the town by the county, then distributed to the village by the town, and finally distributed to the head of the people. The money is directly deducted from the wages, and no wages are paid. The farmers mobilized them to pay for the cigarettes. The “Yoshiyan phenomenon” in Siping City has caused us to think about the normative necessity of government economic behavior in the socialist market economy.

Regulating the government's economic behavior under the conditions of a socialist market economy is a requirement for realizing the "market + government" regulation of the modern market economy. The development of the market economy has gone through two stages. One is the free market economy. The market plays a full and full role in resource allocation. One is the modern market economy, which is what we call the market economy. The modern market economy, in terms of its operation or regulation, is a mixed market of “market + government”. On the one hand, the market is the basis of resource allocation, and on the other hand, there is government regulation and intervention. This means that in the modern market economy, the government must “do something and do something”. The government can't "do something", then it will change into the early free market economy. The development of the market economy in the western countries has already proved many defects of the free market economy. They have long abandoned the free market economy and the socialist market economy we want to establish. It is a modern market economy. Of course, we cannot take the old road of Western market economy countries. The government can't "do something wrong", and we will go back to China's original planning economy. We have already exhausted the economic hardship of planning, and changing the economy of the painting to the socialist market economy is the goal of China’s economic system reform. We have made a lot of efforts and achieved great results, and we must never return to the plan. Going in the economy. Since the Government must "do something and do something" in the modern market economy, it must make a reasonable definition of what needs to be "doing something" and what must be "doing something wrong". There are further countermeasures for the problem of "there must be a reasonable standardization of the government's economic behavior in the socialist market economy to ensure the normal operation and healthy development of the socialist market economy."

Regulating the government's economic behavior under the conditions of a socialist market economy is a requirement for making up for the government shortage and overcoming the failure of government behavior in China's transition period. China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy still retains a large amount of inertia of the planned economy, and the real market economy has not yet finally formed. At the same time, due to the low level of personnel and the level of legal norms have not yet met the requirements, there is a shortage of government at the same time as the market is short. The market system is incomplete, the market rules are not perfect, the market information is not smooth, and the market signal distortion is the main performance of the market shortage. The government shortage is mainly reflected in: the government's behavior is not standardized; the government and enterprises are not divided; the government has a lot of management The government has not yet learned the economics of the market economy. The Siping Municipal Government in the “Yiyan Phenomenon” is a manifestation of the government shortage. The market shortage depends on the government to make up for it, and the government shortage depends on the standardization of government behavior to overcome and eliminate. If the government's behavior is not standardized and the government itself is in short supply, it will not only eliminate the market shortage, but also make the government shortage and the market shortage vicious circle, which will bring great difficulties and obstacles to the national economic construction. To overcome and eliminate the government shortage in the transition period and the failure of government behavior and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy, it is necessary to regulate the government behavior in the socialist market economy, especially to regulate the government's economic behavior.

Regulating the government's economic behavior under the conditions of a socialist market economy is also a requirement for advancing and deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. The property rights of state-owned enterprises in China are both clear and vague. It is clear that the property rights of state-owned enterprises are defined by the current law as state-owned; it is vague because the state cannot clearly define the various capabilities of property rights. This property relationship is not only manifested in the extreme abstraction of the ultimate ownership of property, but also in the ambiguity of legal ownership, the so-called "rights shortage." If we want to develop a socialist market economy and make enterprises become real market players, we must eliminate this shortage of property rights and establish a modern enterprise system with clear property rights as the direction for the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. In the clear property rights system, asset ownership and legal person property rights are separated. As one of the funders, the state has ownership of assets, enjoys the benefits of assets, participates in major decisions, and chooses managers' rights, but cannot directly interfere with the business activities of legal entities. Therefore, one of the keys to establishing a modern enterprise system is to regulate the government's economic behavior and prevent the government from directly intervening in the state-owned enterprises' business activities. In other words, to promote and deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises in China and to clarify the relationship between property rights, we must reasonably regulate the economic behavior of the government in the socialist market economy.

Under the conditions of socialist market economy, the government's economic behavior is mainly aimed at achieving the requirements of efficiency, fairness, sustainable development and common prosperity. The scope of the government's economic behavior or the content involved must also be regulated around this main goal. Generally speaking, the requirements of efficiency, fairness and development span the gap between development and time and the country boundary. It is the common goal pursued by the government's economic behavior in different national conditions under different national conditions. China has chosen the socialist market economy in order to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. The government's economic behavior in the socialist market economy is of course also for higher efficiency. Taking into account efficiency and fairness is the essential requirement of socialism. Efficiency improvement should be manifested through economic development and sustainable development. Fairness should also be achieved through sustainable socio-economic development, while efficiency, equity and sustainable development are all about achieving common prosperity. Therefore, the requirements for achieving efficiency, fairness, sustainable development and common prosperity can be the goal of government economic behavior in the socialist market economy. Regardless of whether the behavior of the Siping Municipal Government in the Jiyan phenomenon is conducive to efficiency improvement and sustainable development, it is at least unfair and not conducive to the realization of the goal of common prosperity. Equity includes fairness of opportunity and fairness of results. Fairness of opportunity means that the rules of competition are the same, just like a fair sporting event. The Siping Municipal Government is not fair to the people who have to take back the Yoshiki through the means of lowering the floor, receiving the time limit, distributing it to the head of the people, and directly deducting the money from the salary. Manufacturers of cigarettes producing other brands and manufacturers of cigarette substitutes are unfair, and it is not fair to the Siping Tobacco Factory that produces Yoshi. Because the city government has sold a lot of cigarettes for it in this way, it is inevitable that some of it could be sold through the market. There are also many laid-off workers among the apportioned people. They don’t have much economic income. Life is already difficult enough. Now they have to take back so many cigarettes that they don’t want but they have to spend a lot of money. This is undoubtedly worse. Their economic and spiritual burden. This of course is not conducive to the realization of common prosperity.

Of course, this kind of government behavior should not happen. Government behavior under the conditions of a socialist market economy must be necessary to achieve the main objectives of the government's economic behavior - efficiency, fairness, sustainable development, and common prosperity. It is necessary to determine the scope of government economic behavior. It mainly includes:

1. Formulate the overall planning and long-term development goals of the national economy, and implement the corresponding system supporting policies as the center to realize the coordinated operation of the social economy and promote the sustainable development of the giant economy. The limitations of the market mechanism make it unable to effectively play a role in the overall planning and long-term development goals of the giant economy. To compensate for the shortcomings of the market, the government must assume responsibility for formulating the overall planning and long-term development goals of the national economy. System supporting policies, including industrial policies, to achieve coordinated social and economic operations and promote the sustainable development of the national economy.

2. Define and protect property rights. The operation of the socialist market economy must have enterprises as independent market players to engage in market activities, and enterprises as clear and independent market entities must have clear property rights. Enterprises cannot define their own property rights, and the definition and maintenance of corporate property rights are inseparable from the role of the government. Therefore, defining and protecting property rights is also a major aspect of government economic behavior in the socialist market economy.

3. Cultivate and improve the market system and establish and maintain market order. In the socialist market economy, all kinds of resources must be allocated through the market. This requires a unified and perfect market system including the commodity market and various production factor markets. There is no real market in China's original planning economy, let alone a unified and perfect market system. Therefore, cultivating and perfecting the market system has become a task that the government must undertake. All kinds of markets in a unified and perfect market system must have a normal market order. Market order is also an important factor affecting the efficiency of market activities. At present, there are many problems in China's market order, such as malicious violations by market entities, order contradictions caused by government management behaviors, disorderly order caused by social security, and order problems caused by imperfect judicial systems. This has led to the establishment of market order. Sound is more important. The establishment and improvement of the market order, in addition to the need to educate the business ethics, is more important to rely on the power of the government to conduct operations, which is also the government's vocation.

4. Participate in the production of public goods. The limitations of the market mechanism also make companies and individuals unable and unwilling to provide public goods. In areas where the market cannot function effectively, the government should play its part and the government must participate in the production of public goods. But the government's need to participate does not mean that the government must produce directly. The government can directly act as the responsible person for "government production" or "indirect production", that is, by signing contracts, granting management rights, financial assistance, legal protection and other means and means, entrusting enterprises to produce and provide.

5. Use a variety of economic levers to strengthen and improve the regulation of the giants and create a good environment for the operation of the market economy. The market mechanism is to gradually realize the balanced allocation of resources in economic fluctuations, and it is impossible to achieve aggregate balance and structural balance automatically and orderly. Without the government's macroeconomic regulation and control, in the case of total imbalance and structural imbalance, the market can only adopt a crisis approach to force a return to balance, thus causing a huge waste of social resources. The efficiency of resource allocation and the sustainable development of the economy require the government's macroeconomic regulation and control to balance the total amount and structure. In the market economy, the government's macroscopic regulation cannot be carried out by direct planning. Therefore, the government must use A variety of economic levers to strengthen and improve the macro-control, to ensure the healthy development of the market economy.

6. Develop market intermediaries to coordinate, supervise and promote the economic activities of market players. Market intermediaries are divided into two categories, one for providing services and communication for commodity circulation, such as brokers, and the other for notarization and supervision of market operations, such as accounting firms. These intermediary organizations can play a certain role in coordination, supervision and promotion of the economic activities of enterprises and consumers. Their emergence and development are also the needs of the orderly operation of the market economy. In China, it is especially important to develop institutions such as notarization, arbitration, measurement, quality inspection and identification, assets and credit evaluation.

7. Establish an efficient and unified income distribution and adjustment system for efficiency, fairness, improve the social security system, and promote the steady improvement of people's living standards and the realization of common prosperity goals. Taking into account efficiency and fairness is the essential requirement of socialism. The best combination of fairness and efficiency is to ensure social stability and promote efficiency. This requires that priority should be given to efficiency in the initial distribution of social wealth to stimulate people's enthusiasm and promote economic development. In the redistribution of social wealth, social fairness should be achieved as much as possible, and social stability and coordinated development should be promoted. At present, the widening income gap in China is a fact, and there are many reasons. The government must reduce the income gap through appropriate adjustment systems and supporting measures. For those with high incomes, they should be restricted by taxation. For poor areas and low-income people, they should be gradually solved through poverty alleviation projects and social security measures. In addition, anti-corruption efforts should be intensified to prevent and eliminate power transactions. Only in this way can we truly balance efficiency and fairness and achieve common prosperity at an early date.