How to write a good paper

How to write a good paper

Persuasiveness

An essay is an essay that convinced the reader of an object of discussion, proposing opinions or claims, and explaining the reasons. Its basic feature is the persuasiveness of the argument.

The argumentation of the dissertation is to convince the reader. No matter what questions or things are discussed, no matter what opinions are expressed in the arguments, what claims are made, what is told, or what opinions are refuted, it is to achieve the purpose of persuading the readers and convince the readers. If the basic feature of the explanatory text is its explanatory nature, the object of the explanation is “what” to explain clearly to the reader. Then, the basic feature of the argumentative paper is its persuasiveness. From the perspective of the type of thinking, it is necessary to answer "Why", we must tell the truth to convince the reader. Ye Shengtao said: "The explanatory text is successful in 'declaring white'. The argumentative paper is based on 'convincing others' as success." This explains the basic characteristics of the argumentative paper.

The argumentative paper not only talks about the opinions of an object of discussion, but also expresses the author's attitude, and also explains why this kind of opinion is proposed. This process of explaining "why" is the process of proof. A complete proof must consist of several parts: thesis, the argument, and the argument. These parts are also the elements that make up the characteristics of the paper. They each have different tasks.

The topic is the question that the author proposes to discuss in the article, and is the object of argumentation.

The topic does not indicate the author's understanding of objective things. For example, "Where does the correct thinking of human beings come from?" is a question-making sentence. There is no judgment, no judgment, only expression, waiting for answer. "On the authority", "the direction of the youth movement", "Why is our literature and art?" is not a judgment. They all stipulate and limit the scope of the article's discussion and the focus of the discussion, and determine the direction and way of the discussion. It is a clue that runs through the full text and organizational structure. The topics generally appear in the title or preface. The expression of the topic is to set questions, such as “what is talent learning”, and also use phrases that highlight the main ideas, such as “the direction of youth movement”. The topic discussed in an article is the center of the full text. Not only does the argumentation of the dissertation revolve around it, but also the non-argumental content must obey it. It is the central clue of the full-text content and plays the role of the full text.

Arguments, also called assertions, in logic, the argument is the judgment that authenticity needs to be confirmed. It is the author's attitude towards opinions, opinions, and representations of the issues discussed. It is the center of the entire process of argumentation, and it is responsible for answering the question of “what is the argument”, clearly indicating what the author agrees with and what he is against.

In the longer article, the argument has a central argument and a sub-discrimination.

The central argument is the author's most basic view of the issues discussed. It is the most important point of view put forward by the author in the article, and it is a high-level summary and concentration of all the arguments.

The sub-thesis is a number of ideas that are subordinate to the central argument and serve the central argument. Each sub-argument also needs to be justified. The arguments that have been proved to be valid have become powerful arguments for the center of argumentation.

The argument is the basis for confirming the argument. In logic, it is the judgment used to determine the authenticity of the argument. In the proof, it is responsible for the task of answering "why".

Arguments can be divided into factual arguments and theoretical arguments according to their own nature and characteristics. Factual arguments are a true description and generalization of objective things, and have a direct and realistic character, and are therefore the most convincing argument for proving the argument. The so-called "facts speak louder than words" is the truth. Factual arguments include individual cases, general examples and figures. Theoretical arguments are those that have come from practice and have been proven and tested by long-term practice to be judged to be correct. It includes Marxism-Leninism, the basic principles of Mao Zedong Thought, the line, principles, policies, scientific definitions, laws and laws of the Party in different periods, general axioms, common sense, idioms, proverbs, and so on.

Argumentation is the use of arguments to prove the logical process and method of arguments, that is, the logical connection between materials and viewpoints, such as the connection between arguments and arguments, such as deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. It is responsible for the task of answering "how to prove."

Regardless of the length of the paper, the papers must have several elements of thesis, arguments, arguments, and arguments. These elements are closely integrated and indispensable. Work together to complete the certification task.

Arrange to have a logical effect

Demonstration in the arrangement of arguments and arguments is an important part of argumentative writing. Arrangement between good and bad is directly related to whether the central argument of the article can be highlighted and whether it can be convinced. Arrangement is good, not only smooth in thought, clear in hierarchy, but also logically persuasive; on the contrary, not only the stagnation of the ideas, the unclear level, but also the lack of logical persuasion. It can be seen that it is not negligible to arrange arguments and arguments for logical argumentation and to demonstrate in the writing of argumentative papers.

The arrangement rules of various styles of articles are basically the same, but due to the different forms of stylistic thinking, the arrangements also have their own characteristics. The argumentative paper is different from the article that describes the narrative. It is mainly arranged according to the logical connection of affairs. Argumentative papers are generally arranged in the order of asking questions, analyzing problems, and solving problems. In the article, they are three parts: preface, theory, and conclusion. People often call it "three-stage". This "three-stage" is a basic type. Due to the wide range of topics, arguments, arguments, and various contents, not only do the three major parts of the preface, the theory, and the conclusions change, but how each small part raises questions, how to analyze the problem, how to solve the problem, and how to change it. .

1. Preface

The preface is the beginning of the dissertation, that is, to ask questions, to clarify the central arguments, and to make the readers have a general understanding of the content of the article, and to draw attention. Common prefaces are written as follows:

a Directly affirming their own opinions and opinions, and proposing central arguments. E.g:

It is a major economic policy to introduce foreign advanced technologies and equipment in a step-by-step manner and to make the introduction work better for the national economy.

b Explain the background, indicating the purpose and reason of writing. E.g:

What is the standard for testing truth? This is a problem solved by the revolutionary mentor of the proletariat. But over the years, this problem has been confusing because of the destruction of the "Gang of Four" and the massive distorted propaganda of the public opinion tools under their control. In order to deeply criticize the "Gang of Four" and eliminate its poison and influence, it is necessary to bring order out of chaos on this issue.

c Prompt content, a brief introduction to the full text. For example, the first paragraph of "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People":

This is a general topic on the correct handling of contradictions among the people. For the convenience of the description, it is divided into twelve small topics. Here, we must also talk about the contradiction between the enemy and the enemy, but the focus is on discussing the contradictions among the people.

d Ask questions and ask people to think. E.g:

Comrade Meng Xiancheng of WISCO has been very positive about the opinions of the one meter seven rolling mill project. It is worthy of our careful reading and thinking. It has cost the money of the people of the country to shrink and eat, and introduced the most advanced rolling equipment and technology in the world. Why can't it receive the economic effect it deserves? How to reduce or even eliminate such a construction project that is not worth the loss in the future?

e Falling from the phenomenon of daily life. E.g;

There are two hens in the cage, one sings and the other sings. According to the phenomenon that the hen sang after the hen lays eggs, I think that all the eggs are made by the singer, so I like it very much. I catch it and feed it, but after a long time, the secret is exposed: I only sing chickens and lay eggs very little, but the one that I didn’t call was one day, and the egg just left and I didn’t sing and leave the chicken coop. The singer stood by the egg and shouted.

The following is the result of this, and it is advocated that people should talk less and talk more and do more practical things.

〖1〗〖2〗〖3〗

g cited in the classics, said the ancient Tao. For example, "Don't miss the wrong ass" means that the leading cadres have made mistakes, they must blame themselves, and do not shirk their duties. It starts like this:

In "Dragon Whiplash", there is a story of "Cui Di Zhi": "The Southern and Northern Dynasties Ku Dilian's surname, Yu Lu, the room often suffers from flies, is the Humen's rod. He: What is the Department of the Department! "The original threshold was only responsible for watching the nursing home, where the flies were managed, but the stupid Kudi was charged with the infidelity of putting the flies in, and the door was beaten." This is the wrong ass.

The beginning of the above narrative section is just a few common types.

Preface is the first of the papers and plays an important role in an article. The good preface is concise and concise. It can not only raise questions in a clear way, but also lead the full text and be fascinating. Grab the reader.

2, this theory

This theory is part of the analytical problem of the argumentative paper and the key part of the argumentation center. Its task is to analyze the problem and organize the arguments to prove the correctness of the argument or to refute the mistake of the paradox.

The arrangement and argumentation level of this part must be strictly logical. The connection between the argument and the argument, the order of the argument, and the layered reasoning of the article are all based on the matter.