Construction Engineering Technology Internship Report Fan Wen

Through a four-day cognitive internship, I have a preliminary understanding of the structural composition, construction principles and construction methods of the house. Further improve the understanding of architectural culture, building knowledge, construction and building materials, consolidate and expand the theoretical knowledge learned, and improve learning enthusiasm.

Here are some summaries of the combination of internship and theoretical knowledge and the gains.

First, the structural form

Today's buildings mainly use frame structures or frame shear wall structures, and brick-concrete structures are also used less. The two construction sites we visited used the frame---shear structure. It is a combination of two structures, the frame structure and the shear wall structure, which absorbs their respective strengths and provides a large space for the building layout and good lateral force resistance. This kind of structure is to arrange a certain number of shear walls in the frame structure, which constitutes a flexible and free use space, meets the requirements of different building functions, and also has sufficient shear wall, has considerable rigidity, and is subject to the frame shear structure. The force characteristic is a new force form composed of two different anti-side force structures of the frame and the shear wall structure, so its frame is different from the frame in the pure frame structure, and the shear wall is different in the frame shear structure. Shear wall in a shear wall structure.

a brick-concrete structure design, in order to strengthen the space stiffness and integrity of the building, so that buildings avoid or mitigate damage during the earthquake, according to seismic specifications, we set a certain number of ring beams and structural columns to enhance and

Regulations for improving the set position of structural columns for tensile and crack resistance of buildings: The specification stipulates that no matter the number of floors and seismic intensity of the building, it should be at the junction of the transverse wall and the longitudinal wall at the four corners of the outer wall and the wrong layer. The intersection of the sides of the hole, the outer wall of the large room and the inner cross wall. The four corners of the stairwell are best set. The structure wall should also be set on the wall of the daughter's roof. For beams with large spans, if there are no wall sills or blocks, there should be structural columns.

In the frame shear wall structure, in order to strengthen the integrity of the block partition wall, the structural column or the ring beam should be set at the appropriate position of the block partition wall, and the specific setting position is the same as that of the brick-concrete structure.

Second, construction joints, deformation joints and post-casting belts

Construction joint: The joint formed by the interruption of construction due to the limitation of the construction process is called the construction joint. Due to the layered pouring of concrete structures, the gap formed between the concrete of this layer and the concrete of the previous layer is the most common construction joint. So it is not a seam in the true sense, but a face. Because the joint surface formed by successive pouring of concrete is prone to various hidden dangers and quality problems, different structural engineering needs to be cautious in handling the construction joints.

The deformation joint includes expansion joints, settlement joints and anti-vibration joints. Their role is to ensure that the house has some free expansion and contraction during normal temperature changes, uneven foundation settlement or earthquakes to prevent wall cracking and structural damage. The post-casting belt is the practice of replacing the deformation joints in high-rise buildings. The practice is to leave a gap of 800 mm to 1000 mm per 30 m to 40 m for the temporary pouring of concrete. In the seam, the steel bars can be lap joints. When the load is almost stable, the concrete is usually poured after two months of structural capping. The post-casting belts are used for buildings with a building length of more than 50 meters. When the length of the building is less than 50 meters and it is a frame structure, in order to ensure the integrity of the building and a certain rigidity, the unit wall is set to increase the integrity of the building and the stiffness of the settlement: in order to overcome the uneven settlement of the structure Set the seam. Between the parts of the above structure, because the difference in the number of layers is large, or the load difference is large; or because the difference in the compressibility of the foundation is large, etc., when the foundation may be unevenly settled, it is necessary to set the structure into several Partly, the settlement of each part is relatively uniform, avoiding the extra stress in the structure, which is the “sedimentation joint”. Must be completely separated from the foundation to the superstructure

Expansion joint: If the plane dimension of the building is too long, it may cause excessive temperature stress in the structure due to thermal expansion and contraction. It is necessary to set the joint into several parts at a certain length of the structure. The joint is a temperature seam. . For different structural systems, the distance between expansion joints is different. China's current specification "Concrete Structure Design Code" gb50010-XX has special provisions for this. The expansion joint can be disconnected on the foundation;

Anti-seismic joint: In order to make the building more regular, in order to facilitate the structural earthquake resistance, the foundation can be opened.
Now use 3 stitches. Only the settlement joint can meet this requirement. Therefore, the settlement joint is often used instead of the other seams.

Third, the beam: According to the common support method of the beam can be divided into: simply supported beam, cantilever beam, one end simply supported at the other end fixed beam, two ends fixed beam, continuous beam.
According to its position in the structure, the beam can be divided into main beam, secondary beam, connecting beam, ring beam and lintel.

The beams on the entrance and exit of the door and window of the beam and the door support the load from the upper part of the hole; the common form of the window wall for transmitting the load: brick lintel, reinforced brick lintel and reinforced concrete lintel

In the ring beam masonry structure house, the closed reinforced concrete beam is set in the horizontal direction in the masonry.
Setting the ring beam in the masonry structure can enhance the overall and space stiffness of the house and prevent uniform settlement or large vibration load due to the foundation.

Ring beam: A structural closed beam that is reinforced with reinforced concrete at the top or bottom of the masonry to ensure the stability of the masonry. It adopts reinforced concrete and its thickness is generally thicker than the wall. It can be slightly smaller than the wall thickness in cold areas, but it should not be less than 2/3 behind the wall, the height is not less than 120mm, and the common ones are 180mm and 240mm.
In the non-seismic fortification zone, the main function of the ring beam is to strengthen the overall rigidity of the masonry structure house and prevent the house from being affected by the uneven settlement of the foundation or the large vibration load.
In the earthquake zone, the main functions of the ring beam are: enhancing the connection of the vertical and horizontal walls and improving the integrity of the house; as the edge member of the floor cover, improving the horizontal rigidity of the floor; reducing the free length of the wall and improving the stability of the wall To limit the development and extension of the wall oblique cracks, to improve the shear strength of the wall; to mitigate the impact of uneven foundation settlement on the house during the earthquake.

Through this internship, I have a better understanding of relevant professional knowledge, and I have learned a lot of things that I have not touched before, and I have benefited a lot. A deep visit to the construction site has enabled me to combine the knowledge and practice of the theory I have learned, systematically consolidate the theoretical knowledge I have learned, deepen my understanding of the theoretical knowledge I have learned, and initially understand the design and construction of architectural engineering. Features, familiar with the various technical and management work of engineering design and construction site, in the internship, I found that my ability to analyze and solve problems has been well trained and cultivated, ready for the future to work. In addition, through internships, I broadened my horizons and increased my rational understanding of building construction.

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