Participle phrase

1) If the participle used as an attributive is a word, it is usually placed before the noun it modifies. I am reading a very interesting book. I am reading a very interesting book. He likes to drink cold boiled water. He likes to drink cold water.

When a participle phrase is used as an attributive, it is usually placed after the noun it modifies. Its function is equivalent to an attributive clause. China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world. China is a developing socialist country and belongs to the third world.

The man sitting it the corner is my brother. The man sitting in the corner is my brother.

Most of the people invited to the party did not come. Most of the people invited to the party did not come. 2) Making a statement

The opera is very moving and instructive. This opera is very moving and educational. The cups are broken. These cups are broken. He is married. He is married.

[Note] When a participle is used as a grammar, it is equivalent to an adjective and cannot be confused with the participle in the tense and passive voices. They are similar in form but can be distinguished in the sense. Try to compare:

Lei Feng's spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. The spirit of Lei Feng inspires the people of the country.

His report is inspiring. His report is encouraging.

The road was completed by the PLA men. This road was built by the PLA soldiers. The road is completed. This road has been built.

3) Adverbial participle can also be used as an adverbial in the sense, indicating time, reason, way and accompanying situation. a) indicates time. Such as:

Looking out of the window, I saw groups of children passing by the house. I looked out of the window and saw the children walking in front of the house. Heated, the metal expands. This metal expands upon heating.

Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary. He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.

[Note] If you want to emphasize the time relationship between the participle phrase and the predicate verb, the conjunction phrase can be preceded by a conjunction such as when or while. Such as:

While working in the factory, I learned a lot from the workers. I learned a lot from the workers during my work at the factory. When heated, the metal expands. This metal expands upon heating. b) indicates the reason. Such as:

Feeling tired, I telephoned and said I couldn't come to a hospital of Chinese medicine. I was tired and called to say that I could not go.

Thinking that Chinese medicine might help, he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine. He thought that Chinese medicine might be effective, so he went to a Chinese medicine hospital to treat the disease.

Inspired by the excellent situation they worked even harder. Inspired by the great situation, they work harder.

c) Representation, accompanying situation and results. He came running back to tell us the news. He ran back and told us this message. She stood there waiting for the bus. She stood there waiting for the bus.

The child fell, striking head against the door and cutting it. The child fell and the head broke on the door.

He went out slamming the door. He went out and slammed the door shut. The lichens came borne by storms. These lichens were brought by the storm.

Negative structure of participle

The negation of the present participle consists of not adding the present participle. Such as:

Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help. She didn't know what to do, she went to ask the teacher for help. I left at noon, not staying for lunch. I left at noon and didn't stay for lunch. When the past participle is negative, it is often represented by the un-equal prefix. Such as: The boy was left uncared for. The child was left unattended.

Compound object with participle

The participle can be used as the object complement in the compound object. The verbs that can have such compound objects are see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get, and so on. Such as:

We saw them walking across the road. We saw them crossing the road.

We heard the children singing "I Love Beijing's Tian An Men" We heard the children sing "I love Beijing Tiananmen".

I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt. I found that almost all of my hometown was rebuilt.

In the compound object behind the have or get, the object complement is mostly the past participle, and the action it represents is often done by others. Such as:

We must get the television set repaired. We must fix the TV set. I had my watch mended in town. I have a watch in the city.

If we have shortcomings, we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized. If we have shortcomings, we are not afraid of criticism.

However, the actions of past participles in Have's compound object are sometimes not necessarily done by others, but rather by their own experience. He had his arm broken. He broke his arm.

[Note 1] When the above sentence structure becomes a passive voice, the word segmentation does not move except for the subject and object interchange positions. As the first and second examples above can be changed: They were seen walking across the road.

The children were heard singing "I Love Beijing Tian An Men".

[Note 2] The meaning of the present participle in the compound object and the verb infinitive in the compound object are slightly different. The latter refers to the whole process of the matter, the purpose is to merely explain the occurrence of this matter; the former refers to the part of the action that is continuing, the purpose is to present the scene of the action at the time before the reader, and its meaning is equivalent to the tense. Such as:

I saw him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs. I saw him going upstairs. I saw him go upstairs.

I was working in the room all morning· I heard somebody at the next door. I worked in the room all morning and heard someone knocking on the door of the next room.

When I went back to the room, I heard her practicing singing in the next room. I heard her practicing in the next room when I went back to the room.