Marine economic development and marine environmental protection issues
Abstract With the rapid development of the coastal economy, the offshore waters have been increasingly polluted, causing the environmental quality of the sea area to decline significantly, the ecological environment to deteriorate, and harmful effects on biological resources and human health. The development of the marine economy is also facing a harsh marine natural environment. Accurately predicting the occurrence and development of marine disasters and the engineering measures for disaster prevention and mitigation should also become an environmental issue of serious concern. In order to develop marine resources, various types of engineering construction are required at sea. The interaction between large-scale engineering construction and the marine environment will also be an important issue in the development of the ocean that should attract special attention. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's marine economy, there are basically three types of research topics focused on China's major marine environment and protection issues. The first type of research is the study of the mechanism and laws of the effects of marine environmental characteristics on various pollutants. The second category is research on disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation of marine engineering facilities. The third category is marine engineering and marine environmental engineering and marine environment. Interactions and prevention measures and countermeasures.
Key words marine environment pollution marine disaster ocean engineering interaction with marine environment
With the rapid development of the coastal economy, the offshore waters have been increasingly polluted, causing the environmental quality of the sea area to decline significantly, the ecological environment to deteriorate, and harmful effects on biological resources and human health. Pollution in the offshore waters has become an environmental issue of concern to countries all over the world, especially those with a fairly long coastline and numerous bays like ours. The development of the marine economy is also facing a harsh marine natural environment. Marine disasters directly affect the scale, speed and efficiency of the development of the marine economy. Accurately predicting the occurrence and development of marine disasters and the engineering measures for disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation, Environmental issues of serious concern. In order to develop space, minerals, fisheries, energy and other material resources in the ocean, it is necessary to carry out various types of engineering construction at sea. Under the current development of science and technology, the scale of engineering construction is increasing. These large-scale engineering construction and marine environment The interaction between them will also be an important issue in the development of the ocean that should receive special attention. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's marine economy, the deterioration of the marine environment, the frequent occurrence of marine disasters and the development of large-scale ocean engineering, the development of offshore petroleum gas fields, and the research on the aftereffects in the development of coastal zones, It is very necessary and urgent to carry out research on major marine environment and protection issues.
In this regard, there are basically three types of research topics that need to be carried out. The first type of research is the study of the mechanism and laws of the effects of marine environmental characteristics on various pollutants. The second category is research on disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation of marine engineering facilities. The third category is marine engineering and marine environmental engineering and marine environment. Interaction prevention measures and countermeasures.
I. The mechanism and law of the characteristics of marine environment on various pollutants Based on the study of the migration, diffusion and transformation of various pollutants by marine fluid dynamics, various natural environmental factors, physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors are considered. The role of the pollutants in the complex conditions of ocean movement and evolution, and the establishment of a marine water quality prediction model. In addition, in recent years, in the coastal waters of China, red tides have become more frequent. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the monitoring and forecasting of red tides, research work on establishing the mechanism and development law of red tides should also be strengthened.
This study should be conducted by a combination of on-site observations, physical model experiments, and mathematical simulation studies. Because on-site observation work is costly and subject to many objective conditions, the data obtained often have a combination of many factors, and it is difficult to separate the single factor effects. Therefore, it can only be used as a An example of a water quality prediction model to test its feasibility and accuracy.
It is a more effective method to establish a marine water quality prediction model by mathematical simulation. At present, there are many water quality prediction models at home and abroad. These water quality prediction models are based on the following models: water flow mathematical model; wave mathematical model; liquid flow interaction model; pollutant migration in offshore waters. Transform mathematical models.
In the study of mathematical models of water flow, for a wide range of sea areas, a depth-averaged tidal current teaching model can usually be used. For maritime areas where turbulence is not significant, turbulence effects may be ignored, while areas with significant turbulence effects, such as sewage outlets Zones should consider turbulence effects. In addition, using coordinate transformation, a three-dimensional flow mathematical model that can consider complex terrain and set-up effects can be established, so that the three-dimensional tidal features of the actual sea area can be well reproduced. In a smaller range of waters, the mathematical model of water flow can be based on the N-S equation and the general k-. At present, most of the activities of marine energy development and marine space utilization in China are in the offshore and extremely shallow seas. In order to ensure that the engineering facilities built in these sea areas can be safely served without damage, the primary problem is to clarify the harsh and complex environmental factors in this sea area. China's east-west Pacific Northwest, the number of typhoons that occur every year accounts for 38% of the world, and typhoons that may cause disasters in China are 7-8 per year. Whenever a typhoon enters China or passes near the coast of China, it will generate storm surges in some areas along the coast, forming a storm surge disaster.
In the northern waters of China, due to the influence of the cold wave in winter, there are ice formations in the coastal areas every year, and ice damage occurs in the years when the ice is severe. If the estimates of these marine disasters are insufficient, they will bring huge losses. The formation of overlapping ice and accumulated ice in the Bohai Sea not only gives the structure strong ice pressure, but also causes great damage to the use and safety of the offshore platform due to the vibration caused by ice shock. However, the migration law of oil spills in the ice area and the prevention and cleaning techniques have not been thoroughly studied. Large-scale ice platoons and sea ice floes on the nearshore will cause sea-frozen faults under the action of waves and tides. The scale of the ice blocks directly affects the structure. In order to resist the ice damage, the offshore platform constructed in the Bohai Sea area often has a structural pattern of positive and inverted cones. The ice load on the ice structure of the cone structure and its dynamic interaction are also unresolved issues. In the study of sea ice mechanics, experimental research is also an important means in addition to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. In the experimental research, the model ice can be carried out by freezing model ice and non-freezing model ice, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Developing these two technologies is a topic in the research of sea ice mechanics.
China is a country with many earthquakes, and earthquakes occur in the sea. A strong earthquake will likely be the main destructive load on offshore engineering facilities. If the structure is destroyed during the earthquake, in addition to its direct economic loss, the consequences of its secondary disasters, such as fire and environmental pollution, are unimaginable.
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the Pacific Rim have been rising, causing major disasters. The safety of large-scale offshore engineering under earthquakes, especially the basic principles of earthquake prevention and disaster prevention and technical measures for shock absorption, need to be carefully studied. The reverberation and vibration damage mechanism of large offshore hydraulic structures in the sea under earthquakes needs further study. The records of the Hanshin earthquake in Japan indicate that the earthquake and the resulting waves have caused serious damage to water and shore buildings. This type of failure mechanism of hydraulic structures has rarely been studied at home and abroad, and due to the limitations of experimental conditions, there has been little research on this aspect at home and abroad. This is a new area in the seismic research of offshore hydraulic structures.
The following research contents will be considered in order to solve the key technologies in the seismic measures of offshore engineering facilities, such as seismic hazard analysis of offshore environment, design of ground motion parameters and spectral characteristics, multi-dimensional ground motions of strong earthquakes and their spatial distribution, seismic wave propagation. Characteristics and ground motion input mechanism; under the action of earthquakes, large-scale offshore hydraulic structures in the sea, considering the structural vibration damage mechanism, vibration control, ground motion, combined analysis model and input mechanism, nonlinear dynamic analysis and dynamic damage Experiments; seismic performance of nuclear power plant offshore engineering buildings, dynamic interaction between offshore oil production platforms and underground oil pipelines and foundation soils, seismic stability of docks and revetment buildings; performance design of marine structures in the sea and seismic fortification standards.
In the long-term operation of offshore hydraulic structures, the health condition gradually deteriorates. The damage mainly comes from two aspects: one is structural aging, fatigue, overload, internal damage, foundation settlement deformation and physical and chemical damage of the environment; It is not well designed or the design standard is low, the construction quality is poor, the raw materials are unqualified, and the management and maintenance are not good. Damage and accidents of large-scale offshore hydraulic structures will have a major impact on the development of the national economy.
Therefore, it is very important to develop some of the following techniques and methods. For example, considering the load of the marine environment at the amplitude. The theory of health diagnosis and assessment of residual reliability for active marine engineering structures under the uncertainty of structural safety caused by randomness in time and direction; new techniques and methods for structural health and damage detection; structural disease management New materials, new technologies and new methods; research on the reliability and optimization of marine engineering structures under various complex marine environmental conditions, design and construction of new disaster-resistant engineering structures; research and design for the design and use of marine engineering structures Various engineering measures with sufficient safety during the period and easy removal after decommissioning.
In order to keep abreast of the changing environment of the marine environment and the possibility of disasters, it is necessary to develop prediction technologies for the marine environment and disasters. To this end, the following systems need to be established, such as the establishment of offshore and offshore marine and disaster observation networks, forecasting and early warning systems, coastal disaster preparedness and various emergency response systems; in the context of economic development in major sea areas and coastal zones, Carry out key research, establish a digitalized marine environmental information system model and structure; and establish a digital information system for disaster prevention and mitigation of coastal and offshore engineering facilities, and combine coastal and offshore engineering and network technology human computer technology, remote sensing technology, geographic information system, The global positioning system is combined to establish a mathematical physics model, through multimedia technology, to visually describe the causes of disasters, the mechanism of occurrence, the law of propagation, and the process of simulating disasters, and to build a smart decision support system for disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation.
III. Interactions between marine engineering and marine environmental engineering and the marine environment and prevention measures and countermeasures In order to make full use of marine space, modern marine space is being used in marine artificial cities, power stations, marine parks, in addition to traditional port and marine transportation. The development of maritime airports, undersea tunnels and submarine warehousing. People are now constructing or designing large-scale artificial islands, super-large floating marine structures and submarine projects for offshore production, work and life. It is estimated that in the 21st century, there may be sea-made man-made cities that can accommodate 100,000 people. China's Macao and Japan have built artificial island maritime airports at sea. In order to alleviate the shortage of terrestrial resources and reduce urban noise, Japan has assembled six floating floating steel plates of 380 meters long and 60 meters wide in Tokyo Bay in August 1999.
It can be seen that with the development and utilization of marine resources and space, the number of various offshore engineering buildings is increasing and the scale is increasingly complex and huge. It is increasingly important to ensure the safe operation of these offshore engineering facilities and take measures for disaster prevention and mitigation of marine engineering. . Coastal zones and coastal waters are the most complex areas of various dynamic factors, but at the same time they are the most economically developed areas. If the offshore engineering construction is not properly considered, it will cause environmental disasters to a certain extent. The engineering facilities may damage the dynamic balance of the original coastal zone and affect the erosion and siltation of the beach. Sea backfilling and dredging will change the shape of the coast and destroy the habitats on which certain marine life depends. If the dredged sludge containing pollutants is improperly dumped, it will cause secondary pollution. Oil spills in offshore oil production will cause extremely serious pollution to the marine environment. Increasingly, offshore decommissioning engineering facilities will gradually become obstacles at sea if they are not disposed of in time, causing public hazards. The task of disaster prevention and mitigation for marine engineering is to ensure that the loss of natural marine disasters is minimized on the one hand, and that marine environmental disasters caused by humans are avoided on the other hand.
With the continuous development and utilization of marine resources by human beings, the coordinated development of marine environmental protection and human production practices has become increasingly important. For example, in the development of the port, the main contents include: the channel, the excavation of the harbor, the sediment transport caused by dredging and the impact of the dredging on the marine environment, the deep-water port hydraulic structure, the large artificial island, and the super large Environmental and ecological impacts of floating structures; study on the laws of material transport and diffusion in the wave zone and its adjacent waters; changes in sea environment and coastal evolution caused by large-scale coastal engineering, beach protection and remediation projects; coastal evolution and protection And the principles and theories of developing and utilizing new concepts, such as the comprehensive analysis and coordination of coastal dynamics, ecology, socioeconomics and environmental relations caused by engineering measures.
With the rapid development of economic construction in large and medium-sized coastal cities, the deep-sea discharge technology of sewage in the construction of Chengping, the multi-point emission drift diffusion research of tidal waters, the water exchange capacity of natural bays, artificial lakes and artificial canals, and the protection of artificial beaches Measures, the impact of tidal flat reclamation on the water environment, etc., will all be serious problems.
In view of the continuous reduction of the coastline of the Yellow River Delta, the reduction of land area, the threat or even destruction of onshore facilities, and the devastating destruction of the natural conditions of the Yellow River Delta wetlands are also urgent issues for research. In addition, the environmental problems caused by the coastal development of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Estuary and the Pearl River Delta, the tidal flat reclamation and the protection and remediation of the beaches, and their countermeasures are also the subjects to be studied.
Based on the economic development of the major economically developed estuaries and coastal zones and major sea areas, a digital regional economic development simulation system was established. Like disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation decision support systems, environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering and network technology, computer technology, remote sensing technology, geographic information system, and global positioning system are combined to build models and visualize through multimedia technology. In response to economic development plans, the situation is predicted by the development of the economy, the deterioration of environmental water pollution in the sea area, and the frequent occurrence of natural marine disasters. The changes in the marine environment and coastal evolution caused by human activities, especially large-scale engineering construction, and their interactions are treated collectively by digital means to establish an intelligent decision-making support system to promote the sustained national economy. Healthy development will be a very effective means for decision-making departments to make grand decisions and specific plans.
Key words marine environment pollution marine disaster ocean engineering interaction with marine environment
With the rapid development of the coastal economy, the offshore waters have been increasingly polluted, causing the environmental quality of the sea area to decline significantly, the ecological environment to deteriorate, and harmful effects on biological resources and human health. Pollution in the offshore waters has become an environmental issue of concern to countries all over the world, especially those with a fairly long coastline and numerous bays like ours. The development of the marine economy is also facing a harsh marine natural environment. Marine disasters directly affect the scale, speed and efficiency of the development of the marine economy. Accurately predicting the occurrence and development of marine disasters and the engineering measures for disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation, Environmental issues of serious concern. In order to develop space, minerals, fisheries, energy and other material resources in the ocean, it is necessary to carry out various types of engineering construction at sea. Under the current development of science and technology, the scale of engineering construction is increasing. These large-scale engineering construction and marine environment The interaction between them will also be an important issue in the development of the ocean that should receive special attention. In order to adapt to the rapid development of China's marine economy, the deterioration of the marine environment, the frequent occurrence of marine disasters and the development of large-scale ocean engineering, the development of offshore petroleum gas fields, and the research on the aftereffects in the development of coastal zones, It is very necessary and urgent to carry out research on major marine environment and protection issues.
In this regard, there are basically three types of research topics that need to be carried out. The first type of research is the study of the mechanism and laws of the effects of marine environmental characteristics on various pollutants. The second category is research on disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation of marine engineering facilities. The third category is marine engineering and marine environmental engineering and marine environment. Interaction prevention measures and countermeasures.
I. The mechanism and law of the characteristics of marine environment on various pollutants Based on the study of the migration, diffusion and transformation of various pollutants by marine fluid dynamics, various natural environmental factors, physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors are considered. The role of the pollutants in the complex conditions of ocean movement and evolution, and the establishment of a marine water quality prediction model. In addition, in recent years, in the coastal waters of China, red tides have become more frequent. Therefore, in addition to strengthening the monitoring and forecasting of red tides, research work on establishing the mechanism and development law of red tides should also be strengthened.
This study should be conducted by a combination of on-site observations, physical model experiments, and mathematical simulation studies. Because on-site observation work is costly and subject to many objective conditions, the data obtained often have a combination of many factors, and it is difficult to separate the single factor effects. Therefore, it can only be used as a An example of a water quality prediction model to test its feasibility and accuracy.
It is a more effective method to establish a marine water quality prediction model by mathematical simulation. At present, there are many water quality prediction models at home and abroad. These water quality prediction models are based on the following models: water flow mathematical model; wave mathematical model; liquid flow interaction model; pollutant migration in offshore waters. Transform mathematical models.
In the study of mathematical models of water flow, for a wide range of sea areas, a depth-averaged tidal current teaching model can usually be used. For maritime areas where turbulence is not significant, turbulence effects may be ignored, while areas with significant turbulence effects, such as sewage outlets Zones should consider turbulence effects. In addition, using coordinate transformation, a three-dimensional flow mathematical model that can consider complex terrain and set-up effects can be established, so that the three-dimensional tidal features of the actual sea area can be well reproduced. In a smaller range of waters, the mathematical model of water flow can be based on the N-S equation and the general k-. At present, most of the activities of marine energy development and marine space utilization in China are in the offshore and extremely shallow seas. In order to ensure that the engineering facilities built in these sea areas can be safely served without damage, the primary problem is to clarify the harsh and complex environmental factors in this sea area. China's east-west Pacific Northwest, the number of typhoons that occur every year accounts for 38% of the world, and typhoons that may cause disasters in China are 7-8 per year. Whenever a typhoon enters China or passes near the coast of China, it will generate storm surges in some areas along the coast, forming a storm surge disaster.
In the northern waters of China, due to the influence of the cold wave in winter, there are ice formations in the coastal areas every year, and ice damage occurs in the years when the ice is severe. If the estimates of these marine disasters are insufficient, they will bring huge losses. The formation of overlapping ice and accumulated ice in the Bohai Sea not only gives the structure strong ice pressure, but also causes great damage to the use and safety of the offshore platform due to the vibration caused by ice shock. However, the migration law of oil spills in the ice area and the prevention and cleaning techniques have not been thoroughly studied. Large-scale ice platoons and sea ice floes on the nearshore will cause sea-frozen faults under the action of waves and tides. The scale of the ice blocks directly affects the structure. In order to resist the ice damage, the offshore platform constructed in the Bohai Sea area often has a structural pattern of positive and inverted cones. The ice load on the ice structure of the cone structure and its dynamic interaction are also unresolved issues. In the study of sea ice mechanics, experimental research is also an important means in addition to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. In the experimental research, the model ice can be carried out by freezing model ice and non-freezing model ice, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Developing these two technologies is a topic in the research of sea ice mechanics.
China is a country with many earthquakes, and earthquakes occur in the sea. A strong earthquake will likely be the main destructive load on offshore engineering facilities. If the structure is destroyed during the earthquake, in addition to its direct economic loss, the consequences of its secondary disasters, such as fire and environmental pollution, are unimaginable.
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the Pacific Rim have been rising, causing major disasters. The safety of large-scale offshore engineering under earthquakes, especially the basic principles of earthquake prevention and disaster prevention and technical measures for shock absorption, need to be carefully studied. The reverberation and vibration damage mechanism of large offshore hydraulic structures in the sea under earthquakes needs further study. The records of the Hanshin earthquake in Japan indicate that the earthquake and the resulting waves have caused serious damage to water and shore buildings. This type of failure mechanism of hydraulic structures has rarely been studied at home and abroad, and due to the limitations of experimental conditions, there has been little research on this aspect at home and abroad. This is a new area in the seismic research of offshore hydraulic structures.
The following research contents will be considered in order to solve the key technologies in the seismic measures of offshore engineering facilities, such as seismic hazard analysis of offshore environment, design of ground motion parameters and spectral characteristics, multi-dimensional ground motions of strong earthquakes and their spatial distribution, seismic wave propagation. Characteristics and ground motion input mechanism; under the action of earthquakes, large-scale offshore hydraulic structures in the sea, considering the structural vibration damage mechanism, vibration control, ground motion, combined analysis model and input mechanism, nonlinear dynamic analysis and dynamic damage Experiments; seismic performance of nuclear power plant offshore engineering buildings, dynamic interaction between offshore oil production platforms and underground oil pipelines and foundation soils, seismic stability of docks and revetment buildings; performance design of marine structures in the sea and seismic fortification standards.
In the long-term operation of offshore hydraulic structures, the health condition gradually deteriorates. The damage mainly comes from two aspects: one is structural aging, fatigue, overload, internal damage, foundation settlement deformation and physical and chemical damage of the environment; It is not well designed or the design standard is low, the construction quality is poor, the raw materials are unqualified, and the management and maintenance are not good. Damage and accidents of large-scale offshore hydraulic structures will have a major impact on the development of the national economy.
Therefore, it is very important to develop some of the following techniques and methods. For example, considering the load of the marine environment at the amplitude. The theory of health diagnosis and assessment of residual reliability for active marine engineering structures under the uncertainty of structural safety caused by randomness in time and direction; new techniques and methods for structural health and damage detection; structural disease management New materials, new technologies and new methods; research on the reliability and optimization of marine engineering structures under various complex marine environmental conditions, design and construction of new disaster-resistant engineering structures; research and design for the design and use of marine engineering structures Various engineering measures with sufficient safety during the period and easy removal after decommissioning.
In order to keep abreast of the changing environment of the marine environment and the possibility of disasters, it is necessary to develop prediction technologies for the marine environment and disasters. To this end, the following systems need to be established, such as the establishment of offshore and offshore marine and disaster observation networks, forecasting and early warning systems, coastal disaster preparedness and various emergency response systems; in the context of economic development in major sea areas and coastal zones, Carry out key research, establish a digitalized marine environmental information system model and structure; and establish a digital information system for disaster prevention and mitigation of coastal and offshore engineering facilities, and combine coastal and offshore engineering and network technology human computer technology, remote sensing technology, geographic information system, The global positioning system is combined to establish a mathematical physics model, through multimedia technology, to visually describe the causes of disasters, the mechanism of occurrence, the law of propagation, and the process of simulating disasters, and to build a smart decision support system for disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation.
III. Interactions between marine engineering and marine environmental engineering and the marine environment and prevention measures and countermeasures In order to make full use of marine space, modern marine space is being used in marine artificial cities, power stations, marine parks, in addition to traditional port and marine transportation. The development of maritime airports, undersea tunnels and submarine warehousing. People are now constructing or designing large-scale artificial islands, super-large floating marine structures and submarine projects for offshore production, work and life. It is estimated that in the 21st century, there may be sea-made man-made cities that can accommodate 100,000 people. China's Macao and Japan have built artificial island maritime airports at sea. In order to alleviate the shortage of terrestrial resources and reduce urban noise, Japan has assembled six floating floating steel plates of 380 meters long and 60 meters wide in Tokyo Bay in August 1999.
It can be seen that with the development and utilization of marine resources and space, the number of various offshore engineering buildings is increasing and the scale is increasingly complex and huge. It is increasingly important to ensure the safe operation of these offshore engineering facilities and take measures for disaster prevention and mitigation of marine engineering. . Coastal zones and coastal waters are the most complex areas of various dynamic factors, but at the same time they are the most economically developed areas. If the offshore engineering construction is not properly considered, it will cause environmental disasters to a certain extent. The engineering facilities may damage the dynamic balance of the original coastal zone and affect the erosion and siltation of the beach. Sea backfilling and dredging will change the shape of the coast and destroy the habitats on which certain marine life depends. If the dredged sludge containing pollutants is improperly dumped, it will cause secondary pollution. Oil spills in offshore oil production will cause extremely serious pollution to the marine environment. Increasingly, offshore decommissioning engineering facilities will gradually become obstacles at sea if they are not disposed of in time, causing public hazards. The task of disaster prevention and mitigation for marine engineering is to ensure that the loss of natural marine disasters is minimized on the one hand, and that marine environmental disasters caused by humans are avoided on the other hand.
With the continuous development and utilization of marine resources by human beings, the coordinated development of marine environmental protection and human production practices has become increasingly important. For example, in the development of the port, the main contents include: the channel, the excavation of the harbor, the sediment transport caused by dredging and the impact of the dredging on the marine environment, the deep-water port hydraulic structure, the large artificial island, and the super large Environmental and ecological impacts of floating structures; study on the laws of material transport and diffusion in the wave zone and its adjacent waters; changes in sea environment and coastal evolution caused by large-scale coastal engineering, beach protection and remediation projects; coastal evolution and protection And the principles and theories of developing and utilizing new concepts, such as the comprehensive analysis and coordination of coastal dynamics, ecology, socioeconomics and environmental relations caused by engineering measures.
With the rapid development of economic construction in large and medium-sized coastal cities, the deep-sea discharge technology of sewage in the construction of Chengping, the multi-point emission drift diffusion research of tidal waters, the water exchange capacity of natural bays, artificial lakes and artificial canals, and the protection of artificial beaches Measures, the impact of tidal flat reclamation on the water environment, etc., will all be serious problems.
In view of the continuous reduction of the coastline of the Yellow River Delta, the reduction of land area, the threat or even destruction of onshore facilities, and the devastating destruction of the natural conditions of the Yellow River Delta wetlands are also urgent issues for research. In addition, the environmental problems caused by the coastal development of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Estuary and the Pearl River Delta, the tidal flat reclamation and the protection and remediation of the beaches, and their countermeasures are also the subjects to be studied.
Based on the economic development of the major economically developed estuaries and coastal zones and major sea areas, a digital regional economic development simulation system was established. Like disaster prevention, disaster prevention and mitigation decision support systems, environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering and network technology, computer technology, remote sensing technology, geographic information system, and global positioning system are combined to build models and visualize through multimedia technology. In response to economic development plans, the situation is predicted by the development of the economy, the deterioration of environmental water pollution in the sea area, and the frequent occurrence of natural marine disasters. The changes in the marine environment and coastal evolution caused by human activities, especially large-scale engineering construction, and their interactions are treated collectively by digital means to establish an intelligent decision-making support system to promote the sustained national economy. Healthy development will be a very effective means for decision-making departments to make grand decisions and specific plans.
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