Zhangjiakou District Social Investigation Report
Zhangjiakou is the most important ecological barrier in Beijing. At present, the ecological environment in Zhangjiakou is suffering severe damage. As the main body of local environmental construction, the attention and understanding level of Zhangjiakou citizens on environmental issues will play an important role in environmental management in the future. Important role. Therefore, our practice team produced a targeted questionnaire. During the 5-day trip, our team members consulted residents of the urban and rural areas of the area. After sorting out the information obtained, we found that local residents have paid more attention to the current environmental governance, and at the same time showed a certain degree of dissatisfaction with the local government. They believe that the government should increase the emphasis, increase investment in environmental governance, and organize more More activities allow people to join the ranks of environmental governance. However, there are significant differences in the level of understanding of environmental issues among different classes.
Based on the understanding of the environmental situation in Zhangjiakou, in this practice, Zhangjiakou urban and rural residents were consulted on the environment. The content of the consultation was divided into subjective and objective. The subjective questions included reorganizing the information obtained and Some of these perspectives are more obvious or controversial issues are analyzed within the scope of competence.
The elevation of the Bashang area is more than 1,300 meters above sea level. Due to deforestation, long-term over-cultivation and grazing, the desertified land in the area is now nearly 13 million mu, accounting for nearly 70% of the total land area. Become a source of sand that threatens Beijing. The typical representative of the area under the dam is the Huangyangtan area, which is located on the south bank of the Yanghe River in the southeast of Xuanhua County, Zhangjiakou City, with a total area of 146,000 mu, mainly composed of flowing, semi-flowing and fixed sand dunes. When the northwest wind is large, the sand of Huangyangtan is blown to Beijing, forming a sandstorm that is full of wind and sand, which seriously affects the production and life of the people in Beijing.
The main environmental problems in Zhangjiakou except desertification are serious air pollution, water pollution and extreme shortages in some areas.
Although the air condition in the place where the inspection was conducted did not show serious pollution, and the feeling is that the air is quite fresh, but in the upper and middle areas of Yanghe and Sanggan River, due to industrial dense, there is indeed a comparison. Serious pollution. Referring to the “Zhangjiakou City Air Pollution Weekly Report” in July, the air pollution index of the entire Zhangjiakou area is 175, the primary pollutant TSP, and the air quality level is III, which is similar to the pollution level in Beijing.
Since the spring of this year, the rainfall in Zhangjiakou has been less than 25 mm, a drop of 30% compared with the same period of the previous year. Long-term drought has caused cracks in the land. On the one hand, there has been an increase in floating soil and increased desertification. On the other hand, agricultural production has been seriously affected, and the pressure on farmers has increased.
The richness of this consultation has been well implemented. In the urban area of Zhangjiakou, we have consulted people of different ages, jobs and classes, such as students, self-employed, salespersons, government personnel, enterprise employees, laid-off workers, retirees, etc. . In the countryside, he not only visited the township leaders, but also had a cordial conversation with the villagers in Qingbiankou Village. Through consultation, we have a comparative understanding of the information we have learned, and we also know some issues that we have not thought of. The information obtained is now collated, and some of the viewpoints that are relatively clear or controversial are analyzed in terms of capabilities.
I. The impact of the Zhangjiakou ecological environment on Beijing:
The consultants understand the impact of Zhangjiakou's geographical location on Beijing. Most people believe that desertification and water pollution are the main impacts on the Beijing area. At the same time, due to the influence of the professional environment, the logistics staff of a school feels that the water pollution is not deep; a staff member with a income of more than 1,000 yuan believes that water pollution is more serious due to excessive chemical plants, mining areas and gold mines.
Second, the current ecological environment and its governance:
Everyone knows that the main cause of the damage to the ecological environment is man-made damage. The first two people I consulted have surprisingly agreed that "human damage has reached 70%." When answering the "the biggest problem in the process of environmental governance", everyone can reasonably see the organic connection between different factors, and believe that as long as the government pays attention to it, the funding problem is not difficult to solve, and then it is not difficult to cause The attention of the local people, coupled with technical support, can achieve better results in environmental governance.
Although everyone recognizes that the local people are an important force in maintaining the outcome of governance, when it comes to “the main force protecting the environment”, most people still think that the government should be in a dominant position. What impressed me most about this is the statement of a 50-year-old grandfather who works in a public institution: the protection of the environment depends mainly on the government, and environmental organizations may be more suitable for publicity. Because the local unemployment rate is high, it has reached 60-70%, so that local people are more concerned about their own survival problems. How to solve their own eating problems seems to be more attractive than doing good environmental management, which means volunteers. The team will be affected by some cold. In addition, there are more laid-off problems in enterprise units, while institutions are relatively stable. Therefore, residents working in different units have different ideas. He also said: "I still have time to talk to you here, if you go to the street to find another person, they may not have time to deal with you."
Regarding the consultation on "environmental problems that have the greatest impact on one's life", the uncle said that the influence of sandstorms has greatly reduced the air quality. The winds and sands in the area above the dam are the most serious in the city, while the urban areas are the most spring and autumn. serious. An old party member who joined the party in the geological department for 74 years first expressed dissatisfaction with the local government's lack of attention to street and urban construction. There are pits and squats everywhere on the streets, and domestic garbage is everywhere. Everyone seems to pay no attention to the image of the city. . He said with deep feelings: "As good teachers can teach good students, good leaders can also make good planning and construction, which can also promote the development of a city." In the process of conversation He always emphasized the importance of the government. He said that this is always the most important, and it also requires a complete set of management methods. In addition, he also talked about the public's environmental awareness, which he believes is a problem that cannot be ignored. A pharmacy staff mentioned a little bit of advice that was unexpected to the author. She thought that keeping pets such as dogs too much would be a source of household waste.
When talking about how to improve the environmental situation, a taxi driver expressed the idea of most citizens: willing to participate in afforestation activities; think that it should start from protecting the living environment around them; save water; try to avoid using disposable wooden chopsticks Care for green life; actively do environmental volunteers...
When it comes to any good suggestions for improving the environmental situation, a government cadre has better compiled the arguments of others: the government must increase investment and strengthen public awareness of the protection, greening and beautification of the environment through appropriate publicity. At the same time, we must not forget the education of the next generation; strengthen the government's leadership and management functions, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people to protect the environment; plant more trees, increase the green area, and can not ignore river water management. At the same time, the rule of law is not too strong, and there should be restrictions on some minor sabotage activities. In the process of governance, we should avoid a form of formalism; actively mobilize social forces to achieve joint management.
When the author asked what environmental protection activities he had participated in, the consultant was the most embarrassed. A laid-off uncle said: "Before, there are very few such activities, so I rarely participate. I will participate in the tree planting activities every year before I am laid off." For those who have a certain age and the above However, about forty drivers or students have not participated in the age because of their age. Through consultations with the old party members, we can understand that the work of the party branch is not enough, and does not carry out some necessary environmental education for party members.
For the "root causes of environmental problems", the views of everyone are summarized as follows:
One is the artificial factor. 1. In history, Zhangjiakou is a military heavy land, a place where military strategists must fight. It suffers far more ecological damage than construction. It is said that “Zhangjiakou ecological congenital deficiency”. 2. In the Bashang area, due to deforestation, long-term over-cultivation and grazing, the desertified land in the area has nearly 13 million mu, accounting for nearly 70% of the total land area, and has become a source of sand that threatens Beijing. 3. The government's attention is not enough, the capital investment is insufficient, and the afforestation management is not good. Only the forestation, not the forest protection, causes the survival rate of the planted trees to drop seriously, which makes people doubt the effectiveness of afforestation. 4. The industry has developed rapidly, but many of the standards in many factories have not met the standards, and the phenomenon of polluting is serious. 5. Population growth too fast is also a factor that cannot be ignored. 6. There are many domestic garbage, and there is no classification, recycling and reuse. 7. The final reason for the restriction is that the environmental awareness of the whole people is slightly lower and the level of understanding is not enough.
The second is the natural cause. Due to the warming of the weather and the severe lack of rainfall in recent years, drought has occurred, affecting the survival of artificial vegetation such as forests and grasses, thus hindering the improvement of the ecological environment.
3. Consultation on afforestation:
Although the survey on the importance of planting trees seems to be somewhat outdated, the results are still a bit new. In addition to enumerating the regulation of air sand control and wind reduction, some people mentioned that green trees can give people a good mood. It seems that people have a deeper enjoyment. At the same time, although everyone is willing to participate in planting trees, when they mentioned the "willingness to donate for planting trees", some people chose "unwillingness" because the reason is basically "economically unaffordable." We have to admit that the people in Zhangjiakou area have a low standard of living. Many people still struggle to live on the food and clothing market. This requires that government-led environmental protection activities cannot be separated from the economic endurance of the citizens. It is advisable to organize tree planting and environmental protection publicity activities with less requirements. Donate, apportion the use of high-cost environmentally friendly products and other activities that increase the burden on the people.
For rural residents, the biggest problem they face is the serious shortage of water resources and their own economic affordability. The Zhangjiakou area has been in continuous drought for three years, which is a pressure for local industrial and agricultural production. Knowing, this is a disaster for farmers who depend to a large extent for food. Although the drought can better solve the problem of water resources, it is still only in the pilot stage. Of course, we still have to wait patiently for the promotion and use of the drought. After all, this is indeed a potential for better development. Measures. Through the conversations with the leaders of the township, we can see that in the future, the government will focus on solving the problem of water shortage, so that the people can be safely invested in environmental governance. A fellow told me: "Li Rong really admire us. He can still insist on afforestation in very difficult times, but it is not that we are unintentional! As long as the government hires me, let me take care of a forest and give it again. Some seedlings, I am very willing to come to participate in such activities."
Fourth, paying attention to returning farmland to forests:
It is precisely because of the special geographical location of the Zhangjiakou area that the author has inquired about the views of returning farmland to forests and grassland during the consultation process. The old party member gave us a satisfactory answer: He said: "The environment on the dam is rather harsh. The dust storms in the four counties on the dam can be described as fierce. Therefore, it is more reasonable to return farmland to forests and grasslands. It is to improve the local ecological environment. It has a great effect, and at the same time greatly reduces the probability of sandstorms. It is also very beneficial to the Beijing area, but the effects of climate drought and human factors can only be average."
Hebei Province decided this year to implement the plan of returning farmland to forests and grassland in the north of Beijing and Tianjin. The Zhangjiakou Bashang area will return to the forest on the basis of the existing 2.56 million mu of forest land and 598,000 mu of grassland. One million mu, returning farmland to grassland of 2 million mu, and afforestation of one million mu of forest land, so that the forest coverage rate will increase from the current 12% to 22% to reproduce the scenery of the prairie. The implementation of the work of returning farmland to forests involves many major benefits and requires specific policy guarantees from the central, local and relevant departments. For example, how to resolve the contradiction between the implementation of large-scale ecological forestry projects and long-term management. After the completion of a large-scale ecological forestry project, a considerable part of it belongs to ecological and social benefits. Whoever is responsible for long-term management and protection, and where the funds come from, must be carefully studied. In addition, after returning farmland to forests, how to resolve the contradiction between the long-term interests of the people and the current interests. After returning farmland to forests, all farmers who have afforested with ecological benefits, or although they have built economic forests, have not received direct economic benefits due to natural conditions, and the grain supplement has expired. How to solve the problem of farmers’ living This is also a very real problem. The total area of economic forests is so large, the products are multiplied, how to occupy the market and the problems of varieties, quality problems, and deep processing, etc., should have a sense of advancement and seriously study and solve them.
In addition, through this survey, we can find that there is room for further discussion in some aspects: 1. Although the general suitable for the tree and the appropriate grass to adhere to, but taking into account the benefits of local farmers, may properly comply with the wishes of the farmers, the farmers themselves choose Planting trees or planting grass may better mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. Planting grass can develop animal husbandry, and planting fruit trees such as apricot can bring greater economic benefits. 2. The conflict of interests of the department, correctly handling the relationship between the forestry and the agricultural sector is of great benefit to the development of the entire project of returning farmland to forests. 3. Is the subsidy given enough? From our consultation, we can know that 200 kilograms of grain, 50 yuan and 20 yuan of pocket money per acre are not very satisfactory to the local people. The relevant departments have the responsibility to consider whether the current subsidy measures need improvement.
Third, our recommendations:
The first thing that should be proposed is that the government departments should reflect on why the local people basically agree that the government is the main force of environmental protection and needs to increase investment and attention in the future governance process. This did make the author and my companion very surprised at first, because I also took care of my companions before the action. The best answer to my question is the local people. The facts seem to have given me a profound education class. It is not enough to have the knowledge of books. The actual situation is often more complicated. It is indeed necessary for the government to increase publicity. At the very least, the people should know what the government is thinking, what they have done, what difficulties they have, and how the people need to support the government.
Another problem that bothers me is why most people in the consultation process say that there are too few government organizations for greening tree planting or environmental protection activities, and at the same time, even if someone wants to contribute indirectly to environmental protection, such as donating money, etc. I don't know where to send the money. This may be another issue that the government needs to reflect on. Why does the government not set up a corresponding fund to accept the local people who are enthusiastic about environmental protection and the financial support of enterprises and institutions for environmental governance? At the same time, the government should make full use of administrative means to lead the people to do a good job in environmental governance. In accordance with the principle of “polluter pays, user compensation, developer protection, and vandalism recovery”, environmental funds are raised through multiple channels. During the consultation process, the author and his companions heard such a call more than once, and the government should act accordingly.
As we all know, the media has played an important role in today's society, but the media's guidance on public environmental awareness is not satisfactory. In 1997, among the 76 non-environmental professional newspapers in the country, the environmental report accounted for 1.16% of the total layout, but the advertising layout accounted for 26.02% of the total layout. This set of data visually shows the difference in media guidance between consumer awareness and environmental awareness. Due to the ability to withstand China's resources, people are over-pursuing luxury and enjoying the lifestyle, and China has a serious resource overdraft and amazing waste coexistence. Therefore, it is incumbent on the media to vigorously advocate the concept of sustainable consumption. At the same time, the media's environmental reports are mostly based on positive reports, creating public opinion and creating momentum for the government's environmental protection work, but insufficient supervision and criticism of environmental issues, making the public's understanding of environmental trends too optimistic. If the media only do one-sided reporting, avoiding the ecological problems will lead to the public not understanding the real situation of the ecological environment, the estimation of the environmental situation is too optimistic, and will affect the objectivity of government department decision-making. Therefore, the environmental report of the media needs to completely get rid of the "government-led" model and give full play to the function of news supervision.
For the treatment of urban domestic waste, it is necessary to focus on waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness, and develop a new environmental protection industry for waste disposal. It is recommended to vigorously support, rationally plan, formulate relevant industrial policies and regulations; strengthen scientific research and development, social supervision and extensive publicity. At the same time, it will strengthen waste recycling and medical waste management, especially the recycling of used batteries.
Regarding the treatment of air pollution, in response to the controversy caused by the "current regulations" of tail gas treatment last year in Beijing, it is recommended that the implementation of the current tail gas treatment method be reviewed as soon as possible, and the environmental protection work under the guidance of the government will be turned into public behavior.
For the treatment of rivers and lakes, according to the serious shortage of water sources in Beijing and the imminent situation of sewage treatment, it is recommended to step up the management of heavily polluted rivers and lakes such as Yanghe, Qingshuihe and Sanggan River, and accelerate the construction of ecological protection zones in the upper reaches. Increase the coverage of forest trees.
For the management of the city environment, although a large number of illegal buildings have been demolished in the past, the city environment has been greatly improved, but the rectification results have not been well consolidated. The phenomenon of urban destruction, illegal construction, and illegal booths are constantly appearing. It is recommended to improve the urban environmental supervision and law enforcement system, strengthen supervision and inspection, and form a long-term effective management and maintenance mechanism. In response to the urgent need to solve problems such as the management of public facilities and the setting of public toilets, some students suggested introducing market mechanisms to attract enterprises to participate and accelerate the process of socialization and enterprise of urban management.
Based on the understanding of the environmental situation in Zhangjiakou, in this practice, Zhangjiakou urban and rural residents were consulted on the environment. The content of the consultation was divided into subjective and objective. The subjective questions included reorganizing the information obtained and Some of these perspectives are more obvious or controversial issues are analyzed within the scope of competence.
The elevation of the Bashang area is more than 1,300 meters above sea level. Due to deforestation, long-term over-cultivation and grazing, the desertified land in the area is now nearly 13 million mu, accounting for nearly 70% of the total land area. Become a source of sand that threatens Beijing. The typical representative of the area under the dam is the Huangyangtan area, which is located on the south bank of the Yanghe River in the southeast of Xuanhua County, Zhangjiakou City, with a total area of 146,000 mu, mainly composed of flowing, semi-flowing and fixed sand dunes. When the northwest wind is large, the sand of Huangyangtan is blown to Beijing, forming a sandstorm that is full of wind and sand, which seriously affects the production and life of the people in Beijing.
The main environmental problems in Zhangjiakou except desertification are serious air pollution, water pollution and extreme shortages in some areas.
Although the air condition in the place where the inspection was conducted did not show serious pollution, and the feeling is that the air is quite fresh, but in the upper and middle areas of Yanghe and Sanggan River, due to industrial dense, there is indeed a comparison. Serious pollution. Referring to the “Zhangjiakou City Air Pollution Weekly Report” in July, the air pollution index of the entire Zhangjiakou area is 175, the primary pollutant TSP, and the air quality level is III, which is similar to the pollution level in Beijing.
Since the spring of this year, the rainfall in Zhangjiakou has been less than 25 mm, a drop of 30% compared with the same period of the previous year. Long-term drought has caused cracks in the land. On the one hand, there has been an increase in floating soil and increased desertification. On the other hand, agricultural production has been seriously affected, and the pressure on farmers has increased.
The richness of this consultation has been well implemented. In the urban area of Zhangjiakou, we have consulted people of different ages, jobs and classes, such as students, self-employed, salespersons, government personnel, enterprise employees, laid-off workers, retirees, etc. . In the countryside, he not only visited the township leaders, but also had a cordial conversation with the villagers in Qingbiankou Village. Through consultation, we have a comparative understanding of the information we have learned, and we also know some issues that we have not thought of. The information obtained is now collated, and some of the viewpoints that are relatively clear or controversial are analyzed in terms of capabilities.
I. The impact of the Zhangjiakou ecological environment on Beijing:
The consultants understand the impact of Zhangjiakou's geographical location on Beijing. Most people believe that desertification and water pollution are the main impacts on the Beijing area. At the same time, due to the influence of the professional environment, the logistics staff of a school feels that the water pollution is not deep; a staff member with a income of more than 1,000 yuan believes that water pollution is more serious due to excessive chemical plants, mining areas and gold mines.
Second, the current ecological environment and its governance:
Everyone knows that the main cause of the damage to the ecological environment is man-made damage. The first two people I consulted have surprisingly agreed that "human damage has reached 70%." When answering the "the biggest problem in the process of environmental governance", everyone can reasonably see the organic connection between different factors, and believe that as long as the government pays attention to it, the funding problem is not difficult to solve, and then it is not difficult to cause The attention of the local people, coupled with technical support, can achieve better results in environmental governance.
Although everyone recognizes that the local people are an important force in maintaining the outcome of governance, when it comes to “the main force protecting the environment”, most people still think that the government should be in a dominant position. What impressed me most about this is the statement of a 50-year-old grandfather who works in a public institution: the protection of the environment depends mainly on the government, and environmental organizations may be more suitable for publicity. Because the local unemployment rate is high, it has reached 60-70%, so that local people are more concerned about their own survival problems. How to solve their own eating problems seems to be more attractive than doing good environmental management, which means volunteers. The team will be affected by some cold. In addition, there are more laid-off problems in enterprise units, while institutions are relatively stable. Therefore, residents working in different units have different ideas. He also said: "I still have time to talk to you here, if you go to the street to find another person, they may not have time to deal with you."
Regarding the consultation on "environmental problems that have the greatest impact on one's life", the uncle said that the influence of sandstorms has greatly reduced the air quality. The winds and sands in the area above the dam are the most serious in the city, while the urban areas are the most spring and autumn. serious. An old party member who joined the party in the geological department for 74 years first expressed dissatisfaction with the local government's lack of attention to street and urban construction. There are pits and squats everywhere on the streets, and domestic garbage is everywhere. Everyone seems to pay no attention to the image of the city. . He said with deep feelings: "As good teachers can teach good students, good leaders can also make good planning and construction, which can also promote the development of a city." In the process of conversation He always emphasized the importance of the government. He said that this is always the most important, and it also requires a complete set of management methods. In addition, he also talked about the public's environmental awareness, which he believes is a problem that cannot be ignored. A pharmacy staff mentioned a little bit of advice that was unexpected to the author. She thought that keeping pets such as dogs too much would be a source of household waste.
When talking about how to improve the environmental situation, a taxi driver expressed the idea of most citizens: willing to participate in afforestation activities; think that it should start from protecting the living environment around them; save water; try to avoid using disposable wooden chopsticks Care for green life; actively do environmental volunteers...
When it comes to any good suggestions for improving the environmental situation, a government cadre has better compiled the arguments of others: the government must increase investment and strengthen public awareness of the protection, greening and beautification of the environment through appropriate publicity. At the same time, we must not forget the education of the next generation; strengthen the government's leadership and management functions, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of the people to protect the environment; plant more trees, increase the green area, and can not ignore river water management. At the same time, the rule of law is not too strong, and there should be restrictions on some minor sabotage activities. In the process of governance, we should avoid a form of formalism; actively mobilize social forces to achieve joint management.
When the author asked what environmental protection activities he had participated in, the consultant was the most embarrassed. A laid-off uncle said: "Before, there are very few such activities, so I rarely participate. I will participate in the tree planting activities every year before I am laid off." For those who have a certain age and the above However, about forty drivers or students have not participated in the age because of their age. Through consultations with the old party members, we can understand that the work of the party branch is not enough, and does not carry out some necessary environmental education for party members.
For the "root causes of environmental problems", the views of everyone are summarized as follows:
One is the artificial factor. 1. In history, Zhangjiakou is a military heavy land, a place where military strategists must fight. It suffers far more ecological damage than construction. It is said that “Zhangjiakou ecological congenital deficiency”. 2. In the Bashang area, due to deforestation, long-term over-cultivation and grazing, the desertified land in the area has nearly 13 million mu, accounting for nearly 70% of the total land area, and has become a source of sand that threatens Beijing. 3. The government's attention is not enough, the capital investment is insufficient, and the afforestation management is not good. Only the forestation, not the forest protection, causes the survival rate of the planted trees to drop seriously, which makes people doubt the effectiveness of afforestation. 4. The industry has developed rapidly, but many of the standards in many factories have not met the standards, and the phenomenon of polluting is serious. 5. Population growth too fast is also a factor that cannot be ignored. 6. There are many domestic garbage, and there is no classification, recycling and reuse. 7. The final reason for the restriction is that the environmental awareness of the whole people is slightly lower and the level of understanding is not enough.
The second is the natural cause. Due to the warming of the weather and the severe lack of rainfall in recent years, drought has occurred, affecting the survival of artificial vegetation such as forests and grasses, thus hindering the improvement of the ecological environment.
3. Consultation on afforestation:
Although the survey on the importance of planting trees seems to be somewhat outdated, the results are still a bit new. In addition to enumerating the regulation of air sand control and wind reduction, some people mentioned that green trees can give people a good mood. It seems that people have a deeper enjoyment. At the same time, although everyone is willing to participate in planting trees, when they mentioned the "willingness to donate for planting trees", some people chose "unwillingness" because the reason is basically "economically unaffordable." We have to admit that the people in Zhangjiakou area have a low standard of living. Many people still struggle to live on the food and clothing market. This requires that government-led environmental protection activities cannot be separated from the economic endurance of the citizens. It is advisable to organize tree planting and environmental protection publicity activities with less requirements. Donate, apportion the use of high-cost environmentally friendly products and other activities that increase the burden on the people.
For rural residents, the biggest problem they face is the serious shortage of water resources and their own economic affordability. The Zhangjiakou area has been in continuous drought for three years, which is a pressure for local industrial and agricultural production. Knowing, this is a disaster for farmers who depend to a large extent for food. Although the drought can better solve the problem of water resources, it is still only in the pilot stage. Of course, we still have to wait patiently for the promotion and use of the drought. After all, this is indeed a potential for better development. Measures. Through the conversations with the leaders of the township, we can see that in the future, the government will focus on solving the problem of water shortage, so that the people can be safely invested in environmental governance. A fellow told me: "Li Rong really admire us. He can still insist on afforestation in very difficult times, but it is not that we are unintentional! As long as the government hires me, let me take care of a forest and give it again. Some seedlings, I am very willing to come to participate in such activities."
Fourth, paying attention to returning farmland to forests:
It is precisely because of the special geographical location of the Zhangjiakou area that the author has inquired about the views of returning farmland to forests and grassland during the consultation process. The old party member gave us a satisfactory answer: He said: "The environment on the dam is rather harsh. The dust storms in the four counties on the dam can be described as fierce. Therefore, it is more reasonable to return farmland to forests and grasslands. It is to improve the local ecological environment. It has a great effect, and at the same time greatly reduces the probability of sandstorms. It is also very beneficial to the Beijing area, but the effects of climate drought and human factors can only be average."
Hebei Province decided this year to implement the plan of returning farmland to forests and grassland in the north of Beijing and Tianjin. The Zhangjiakou Bashang area will return to the forest on the basis of the existing 2.56 million mu of forest land and 598,000 mu of grassland. One million mu, returning farmland to grassland of 2 million mu, and afforestation of one million mu of forest land, so that the forest coverage rate will increase from the current 12% to 22% to reproduce the scenery of the prairie. The implementation of the work of returning farmland to forests involves many major benefits and requires specific policy guarantees from the central, local and relevant departments. For example, how to resolve the contradiction between the implementation of large-scale ecological forestry projects and long-term management. After the completion of a large-scale ecological forestry project, a considerable part of it belongs to ecological and social benefits. Whoever is responsible for long-term management and protection, and where the funds come from, must be carefully studied. In addition, after returning farmland to forests, how to resolve the contradiction between the long-term interests of the people and the current interests. After returning farmland to forests, all farmers who have afforested with ecological benefits, or although they have built economic forests, have not received direct economic benefits due to natural conditions, and the grain supplement has expired. How to solve the problem of farmers’ living This is also a very real problem. The total area of economic forests is so large, the products are multiplied, how to occupy the market and the problems of varieties, quality problems, and deep processing, etc., should have a sense of advancement and seriously study and solve them.
In addition, through this survey, we can find that there is room for further discussion in some aspects: 1. Although the general suitable for the tree and the appropriate grass to adhere to, but taking into account the benefits of local farmers, may properly comply with the wishes of the farmers, the farmers themselves choose Planting trees or planting grass may better mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. Planting grass can develop animal husbandry, and planting fruit trees such as apricot can bring greater economic benefits. 2. The conflict of interests of the department, correctly handling the relationship between the forestry and the agricultural sector is of great benefit to the development of the entire project of returning farmland to forests. 3. Is the subsidy given enough? From our consultation, we can know that 200 kilograms of grain, 50 yuan and 20 yuan of pocket money per acre are not very satisfactory to the local people. The relevant departments have the responsibility to consider whether the current subsidy measures need improvement.
Third, our recommendations:
The first thing that should be proposed is that the government departments should reflect on why the local people basically agree that the government is the main force of environmental protection and needs to increase investment and attention in the future governance process. This did make the author and my companion very surprised at first, because I also took care of my companions before the action. The best answer to my question is the local people. The facts seem to have given me a profound education class. It is not enough to have the knowledge of books. The actual situation is often more complicated. It is indeed necessary for the government to increase publicity. At the very least, the people should know what the government is thinking, what they have done, what difficulties they have, and how the people need to support the government.
Another problem that bothers me is why most people in the consultation process say that there are too few government organizations for greening tree planting or environmental protection activities, and at the same time, even if someone wants to contribute indirectly to environmental protection, such as donating money, etc. I don't know where to send the money. This may be another issue that the government needs to reflect on. Why does the government not set up a corresponding fund to accept the local people who are enthusiastic about environmental protection and the financial support of enterprises and institutions for environmental governance? At the same time, the government should make full use of administrative means to lead the people to do a good job in environmental governance. In accordance with the principle of “polluter pays, user compensation, developer protection, and vandalism recovery”, environmental funds are raised through multiple channels. During the consultation process, the author and his companions heard such a call more than once, and the government should act accordingly.
As we all know, the media has played an important role in today's society, but the media's guidance on public environmental awareness is not satisfactory. In 1997, among the 76 non-environmental professional newspapers in the country, the environmental report accounted for 1.16% of the total layout, but the advertising layout accounted for 26.02% of the total layout. This set of data visually shows the difference in media guidance between consumer awareness and environmental awareness. Due to the ability to withstand China's resources, people are over-pursuing luxury and enjoying the lifestyle, and China has a serious resource overdraft and amazing waste coexistence. Therefore, it is incumbent on the media to vigorously advocate the concept of sustainable consumption. At the same time, the media's environmental reports are mostly based on positive reports, creating public opinion and creating momentum for the government's environmental protection work, but insufficient supervision and criticism of environmental issues, making the public's understanding of environmental trends too optimistic. If the media only do one-sided reporting, avoiding the ecological problems will lead to the public not understanding the real situation of the ecological environment, the estimation of the environmental situation is too optimistic, and will affect the objectivity of government department decision-making. Therefore, the environmental report of the media needs to completely get rid of the "government-led" model and give full play to the function of news supervision.
For the treatment of urban domestic waste, it is necessary to focus on waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness, and develop a new environmental protection industry for waste disposal. It is recommended to vigorously support, rationally plan, formulate relevant industrial policies and regulations; strengthen scientific research and development, social supervision and extensive publicity. At the same time, it will strengthen waste recycling and medical waste management, especially the recycling of used batteries.
Regarding the treatment of air pollution, in response to the controversy caused by the "current regulations" of tail gas treatment last year in Beijing, it is recommended that the implementation of the current tail gas treatment method be reviewed as soon as possible, and the environmental protection work under the guidance of the government will be turned into public behavior.
For the treatment of rivers and lakes, according to the serious shortage of water sources in Beijing and the imminent situation of sewage treatment, it is recommended to step up the management of heavily polluted rivers and lakes such as Yanghe, Qingshuihe and Sanggan River, and accelerate the construction of ecological protection zones in the upper reaches. Increase the coverage of forest trees.
For the management of the city environment, although a large number of illegal buildings have been demolished in the past, the city environment has been greatly improved, but the rectification results have not been well consolidated. The phenomenon of urban destruction, illegal construction, and illegal booths are constantly appearing. It is recommended to improve the urban environmental supervision and law enforcement system, strengthen supervision and inspection, and form a long-term effective management and maintenance mechanism. In response to the urgent need to solve problems such as the management of public facilities and the setting of public toilets, some students suggested introducing market mechanisms to attract enterprises to participate and accelerate the process of socialization and enterprise of urban management.
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