Summer Social Practice Survey Report

[Abstract]: In recent years, the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” has always been the focus of attention. In Huayan Town, through publicity and investigation, we have a deep understanding of the current situation of China's rural areas and the implementation of the “three rural” policy. This article puts forward new ideas and measures on how to solve the "three rural issues".
[Keywords]: “Three Rural Issues”; Agricultural Industrialization; Land System Innovation; Rural Surplus Labor; Full Employment; Huayan Town

Analysis on the Problems of “Agriculture, Country and Peasants” in Huayan Town —— Investigation Report of Society Practice in the summer
Li Feng
[Abstract]: In recent years, the problems of "Agriculcure, Country and Peasants" were concerned. By advertisement and investigation in Huayan Town, the present situation of the country and how to put into practice of the plicies related to "Agriculture, Country And Peasants" were known in depth. This paper puts forward some new viewpoints and measures for resolving the problems of "Agriculture, Country and Peasants".
[Key words]: "Agriculture, Country and Peasants"; innovationization of agriculcure; innovation of land system ;surplus labor force in the countryside; full employment; Huayan Town

Introduction In recent years, China's "three rural issues" have received more and more attention. The "16th National Congress Report" of the Party used a lot of space to discuss the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". The "Central Rural Work Conference" has put the solution to the "three rural issues" to a high position. He believes that "the rural work is the most important task of the whole party. Without the modernization of the countryside, there will be no national modernization; there is no rural In the overall construction of a well-off society, there will be no comprehensive construction of a well-off society in the country.” In this context, using the 2004 summer “three rural areas”, the author came to Huayan Town, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing as a member of the volunteer service team. To carry out the propaganda of the “three rural” policy and the questionnaire survey on “three rural issues”. Through publicity and investigation, the author has learned some things and found some problems. Based on the survey data, combined with the specific situation of Huayan Town, the author put forward some of his own views and measures on how to solve the "three rural issues".
1 Huayan Town Overview
1.1 Geographic location Huayan Town, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City is located in the east of Zhongliang Mountain, in the western suburbs of Chongqing's main urban area, connected to Dadukou District in the east and south, Baishiyu Town in Jiulongpo District in the west, Chongqing High-tech in Shapingba in the north. Industrial zone junction. There is a national high-tech industrial development zone, Kowloon Park Zone B. The area under its jurisdiction is 53.43 square kilometers and the area of ​​cultivated land is 14,158 acres.
1.2 Administrative divisions and population administrative village community neighborhood committee
14 eight 24,701 people, 29,153 villagers, group of residents, non-agricultural resident population
101 115 67339 people

1.3 Economic and social development and people's living indicators Industrial and agricultural output value Financial revenue Farmers' per capita income Urban residents disposable income Urbanization rate
3.329 billion yuan 12553718 yuan 3150 yuan 8287 yuan 33.98%
Total income of industry and agriculture, fiscal taxation, investment, investment in the whole society
3.258 billion yuan, 55.56 million yuan, 223 million yuan, 107.528 million yuan, 7942 people

Note: Tables 1 and 2 are the statistics at the beginning of 2004. It can be seen from the data in Table 1. In 2003, the total resident population of Huayan Town was 24,701, with a total population of 92,040, and the proportion of agricultural population was 26.837%. It can be known from the data in Table 2 that the per capita income of farmers in Huayan Town was 3,150 yuan in 2003, and the disposable income of urban residents was 8,287 yuan. The difference between the two was 5,137 yuan, with a difference of 163.079%.
2 Implementation of the “Three Rural Issues” Policy in Huayan Town
2.1 “Focus on agriculture, paying attention to rural areas and paying attention to farmers”. In the process of going to the countryside in the summer, we launched a large-scale publicity campaign focusing on agriculture, paying attention to rural areas and paying attention to farmers in Zhongliangshan Street of Huayan Town. We distributed relevant information on the central “three rural” policies to the vast number of people in the past, and introduced them to the relevant knowledge of the “three rural issues”. At the same time, we also carried out a questionnaire survey on the “three rural” policy. Through this activity, we found that the majority of Huayan people are very concerned about the policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the "three rural issues". However, many of them do not understand the "three rural", and some do not even know what is " Three rural areas. Through conversations with them, we learned that the Huayan Town Government has also done some propaganda on the "three rural" policy, but it is relatively rare. Most farmers still know less about the "three rural", they only know One thing, the way they understand is mainly through some propaganda media such as TV, newspapers, magazines, etc. They believe that such face-to-face communication and explanations are very effective for them to understand the "three rural issues", and they hope that such publicity will be more in the future. As a grandfather at the propaganda scene said to us: "Thank you for your concern for our farmers, and thank you for the volunteers from the Chongqing Institute of Technology who sent us the relevant information on the 'three rural policies'. I hope that in the future. More activities can be done!"
2.2 Questionnaire on “Three Rural Issues”. While promoting the “three rural” policy, we also did some questionnaire surveys. We distributed 120 questionnaires to the people in the past and collected 109 copies with a recovery rate of 90.833%. Our questionnaire has 11 questions, 8 of which are multiple-choice questions, 2 are fill-in-the-blank questions, and 1 question and answer question. 3 of the 8 multiple choice questions have fixed answers, and 5 answers are uncertain.
2.3 Survey results. Of the 109 questionnaires collected, we extracted 98 valid questionnaires. We conducted a statistical analysis of these questionnaires. Questions are as follows:
1) The “three rural issues” of the “three rural issues” refer to:
A farmer B agriculture C rural D farmer E farmland
2) In recent years, the state has introduced a series of policy measures to increase food production and increase farmers' income. Which of the following has been cancelled:
A agricultural tax B agricultural special product tax C I don't know
3) How do you know about the “three rural” policy?
A watch TV B listen to the broadcast C others told me the D government propaganda
4) Do you support the relevant “three rural” policies issued by the state?
A strongly supports B support C. I don't care. D I don't know the results of these policy statistics analysis are as follows:
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Correct Number Error Number Correct Rate Correct Number Error Number Correct Rate A Answer B Answer C Answer D Answer A Answer B Answer C Answer D Answer
62 36 63.265% 72 26 73.469% 56 10 24 8 21 45 21 11
From the data in the above table, we can easily find out that in Huayan Town, 36.735% of the people are not aware of what is “three rural”; and for which tax is cancelled, only 73.469% of people Understand that, in addition, they also have problems in understanding the ways of the “three rural” policy and the degree of attention to the “three rural” policy. Coupled with our investigation and analysis and visits to farmers, combined with the actual situation of Huayan Town, we can easily find the problem: the government is not enough publicity, the farmers are not very aware of the “three rural” policy; the “three rural” policy is not well implemented. The introduction of the "three rural" policy for farmers friends, they do not seem to get any real benefits; farmers continue to increase income is still very difficult, the income gap between urban and rural residents is still very large. I think that the problems reflected are not only the problems of Huayan Town, but also the problems that are widespread in the vast rural areas of China. So how do you solve these problems? What should we do? The author will discuss this issue next.
3 Understanding and Thinking Through this publicity survey, we have a deeper understanding of the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. We have recognized some problems and obstacles in implementing the “three rural” policy.
The issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" is a big problem in China's economic development. A very important issue is related to the success or failure of China's reform, opening up, and modernization drive. "Agricultural prosperity, Baiyexing; peasant wealth, Wanjiafu; rural set, the world is set!" Therefore, we must pay attention to the "three rural" problem, and find ways to solve the "three rural" problem. The author believes that we can start from the following aspects.
3.1 Strengthen the propaganda of the “three rural” policy and earnestly implement the “three rural” policy.
3.2 Increase the full employment of rural surplus labor. To this end, we can take the following approach.
1) Break the dual social and economic structure that creates the opposition between urban and rural areas as soon as possible, and narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. 2) Open up the vast western region of China as a broad battlefield for farmers to fully employ. 3) Further emancipate the mind, increase the intensity of exporting labor to foreign countries, and increase its number. 4) Urbanization is the main channel for peasant employment. 3.3 Start from within the rural areas and solve the “three rural issues”. Solving the problem of full employment of farmers is a long-term and arduous task. It is a great and huge system engineering, which requires a relatively long historical process. The author believes that in addition to the above measures, we can start from the inside of the countryside and further deepen the reform to solve this problem.
1) Improve the quality of rural labor, foster their sense of competition, and enhance their employment potential.
2) Carry out the adjustment and innovation of the rural industrial structure and actively develop the advantageous industries of China's agriculture. Such as vegetables, fruits, livestock, aquatic products and other labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries.
3) Improve the organization of farmers and establish and improve a variety of new cooperative economic organizations that are in line with the actual rural conditions in China. Therefore, the opinions and ideas of the peasants, the contradictions and problems at the grassroots level can be smoothly reflected, and the decision-making delays and mistakes will not be caused. At the same time, improving the organization of farmers can also enhance farmers' ability to resist natural risks and market risks, and enhance their ability to resist violations of farmers' rights and interests from all aspects.
3.4 Guide farmers, change their ideas and concepts, and vigorously develop township enterprises. To develop township enterprises, it is necessary to involve a land acquisition issue. However, after experiencing the ownership of landlords in the feudal society, the peasant friends who entered the socialist society were finally assigned to the land, and now they have to take them away from them. They are certainly unwilling. Moreover, if farmers develop township and village enterprises, can farmers get more benefits? Can you make more money? Will their days be better? They are all skeptical about this series of problems, and they dare not believe too much, and they dare not give up the land in their hands. This requires our government to do a lot of work, guide them through propaganda, change their ideas, and let them realize that the benefits of developing township enterprises will be more beneficial to them, and their days will be better.
3.5 Speed ​​up the pace of agricultural modernization and take the road of agricultural modernization. Agricultural modernization is a complex system engineering, and achieving agricultural modernization is a long-term and arduous task. According to the current reality in China, we can not take the road characterized by mechanization and chemicalization, which is represented by the United States and Western European countries, and the people who are represented by Japan. Technology is the way to focus. We must choose a road to agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics that emphasizes mechanization, chemicalization and water conservancy, and focuses on biotechnology, based on China's national conditions, national strength, agricultural conditions, and agricultural strength. In the choice of agricultural modernization path, the author believes that the following points are very important.
3.51 Innovation in agricultural land systems. We can do it from these aspects.
1) Formulate laws and regulations for the paid transfer of agricultural land, establish a land use right transfer system, and ensure that land circulation is carried out in an orderly manner. 2) Establish an agricultural land transfer market to achieve optimal allocation of resources. 3) Establish an alternative mechanism for social security of contracted land. 4) Establish a land compensation mechanism.
3.52 Agricultural Production Management Organizational System Innovation - Agricultural Industrialization. Agricultural industrialization was first produced in the United States in the 1950s, and then quickly introduced to developed countries such as Western Europe, Japan, and Canada. The operation of agricultural industrialization has played a positive role in promoting the agricultural modernization of these developed countries. With the evolution of China's agricultural modernization process, deep-seated contradictions that have existed for a long time in agriculture and rural economy are increasingly exposed. To resolve these contradictions, it is necessary to carry out agricultural production and management organizational system innovation, that is, to implement agricultural industrialization on the basis of the household contract responsibility system. So how do you implement agricultural industrialization? What can we do? According to the problems faced by China's current agricultural industrialization, the author puts forward the following ideas. 1) Vigorously develop leading enterprises. Leading enterprises inline thousands of households, outreach to domestic and foreign markets, it is a key link in the development of agricultural industrialization. Practice has proved that the establishment of a leading enterprise can drive the comprehensive development of one or more agricultural products. It can be said that "the leading industry, the industry is booming!" 2) Vigorously cultivate leading industries. Make full use of local resource advantages and resource potential to develop industries with strong market demand, good prospects and potential for further development. 3) Strengthen the planning and construction of agricultural commodity bases. We will implement the basic policy of “building a base around the faucet, highlighting the characteristics of building a base, and continually developing and building a base” to ensure the construction of the “commodity bulk supply base camp” that plays a fundamental role in agricultural industrialization.
3.6 Intensify the training of high-tech agricultural talents, and create more and more advanced agricultural science and technology talents. With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization in China, the reduction of cultivated land will be a big trend. How to solve the problem of Chinese eating in less and less cultivated land, this heavy responsibility can only be accomplished by relying on high-tech agricultural technology. As Mr. Zhen Zhenyuan, Secretary of the Party Committee of China Agricultural University said: “The fundamental way out for agriculture is in science and technology!”
4 Conclusion The issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” is an ambitious subject involving political, economic, cultural and social aspects. The study of this topic should be said to be a challenge. If we start from the fundamental way out of our peasants, we will The combination of rural and peasant research is a serious challenge. As the author was born in rural areas and grew up in the countryside, as a child of the peasants, I have a personal experience of the peasants' sourness and bitterness, and have deep feelings about the various changes in the countryside. I am very concerned about the issue of "three rural"! Of course, the author's article definitely can't talk about any research, but the author saw some phenomena, found some problems, produced some ideas, and then after careful thinking, read some information, and finally his own understanding and ideas. Expressed in words. I hope you can criticize and correct me! The author believes that as long as our government, peasant friends and people from all walks of life work together and take effective measures, the solution to the "three rural issues" will soon become a reality!
references:
[1] "Study on Situation and Policy Education in the First Half of 2004", Department of Science and Technology, Chongqing Institute of Technology, 2004.02
[2] “Introduction to Zhongliangshan Street in Huayan Town”, Zhongliangshan Street, Huayan Town Government, 2004.06
[3] "Three Rural China" He Xuefeng Editor-in-Chief Hubei People's Publishing House 2004.01
[4] "Analysis of the Path Choice of China's Agricultural Modernization" Bai Yueshi, China Social Sciences Press, 2004.03
[5] "The fundamental problem of China----where is the 900 million farmers going?" Li Zuojun, China Development Press, 2000.01
[6] "I tell the truth to the people" Li Changping, Yuanfang Publishing House, 2004.01
[7] "Half-Monthly Talk", 2004, 14th, sponsored by Xinhua News Agency