Graduate Social Practice Survey Report

The Pearl River Delta region includes Huicheng District, Huiyang, Huidong, Boluo, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Dongguan and Huizhou, and Ruizhou District, Dinghu District, Gaoyao, Sihui and other places in Zhaoqing City. . The area of ​​the whole area accounts for 23.4% of the total area of ​​the province, and the population accounts for 31.4% of the total population of the province. In recent years, the gross domestic product (GDP) has accounted for about 70% of the province's GDP. The Pearl River Delta is one of the fastest growing regions in the country. With the rapid development of the economy, the social development in the region is characterized by high levels of industrialization in rural areas and rapid urban-rural integration. Based on the overall economic and social development of the local youth, the league organizations at all levels in the Pearl River Delta region have actively explored and practiced how to promote the development of the Communist Youth League. The office went to the Guangdong research team to conduct a survey on the area. The survey found that the exploration of the Pearl River Delta group in recent years to adapt to the development of the market economy can be attributed to: social operation and career development.

I. Characteristics of economic and social development in the Pearl River Delta region

1. The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. From 1980 to 1996, the Pearl River Delta region achieved an average annual GDP growth rate of 17.8%, which was not only higher than the provincial average growth rate of 14.5% and 9.7% of the country, and higher than the average of the four “four little dragons” in the economic take-off phase. Growth.

2. The overall level of the export-oriented economy is relatively high. The Pearl River Delta region will give full play to the geographical advantages of neighboring Hong Kong and Macao and the favorable conditions for overseas Chinese to spread all over the world. Based on the international market and relying on the domestic market, the Pearl River Delta region will promote the high-level and rapid development of the export-oriented economy. In 1994, the total export trade of the Pearl River Delta region reached US$38.46 billion, accounting for 76.6% of the total export trade of the province in that year; the actual utilized foreign capital was US$8.798 billion, accounting for 68% and 24% of the total actual use of foreign capital in the province and the country respectively.

3. The industrial structure is optimized and reasonable. The Pearl River Delta region has completed the transition from a traditional agricultural economy to an important manufacturing center, and has successfully realized the comprehensive economic and social development of the second and third industries. The proportion of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the Pearl River Delta region to GDP has increased from 25.8:45.5:28.9 in 1980 to 8.8:51.2:40 in 1994. Generally speaking, the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta region has basically realized the transformation from traditional agriculture to industrialization to industrial diversification.

4. The pattern of agricultural industrialization has basically taken shape. Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of rural urbanization, the marketization, socialization, and intensive production and management of agriculture in the region have soon taken shape. In the production and operation activities, it has formed a specialized production centered on the domestic and international markets, centered on economic benefits, based on resource development, with the cultivation and breeding industry as the pillar, integration of agricultural and industrial technology and trade, and production and sales. The development model of agricultural industrialization with socialized services and enterprise management.

5. Balanced development of urban and rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of rural industrialization, the Pearl River Delta region has accelerated urbanization. In the late 1970s, there were only a few dozen towns, which increased to 200 in the mid-1980s, 406 in 1992, and 597 in 1994. In 15 years, it has increased nearly 10 times. The two cities of Zhongshan and Dongguan only govern the towns, but there is no county or township system. In 1994, the non-agricultural population in the Pearl River Delta region accounted for 45.2% of the total population, 16 percentage points higher than the province's ratio. Now, the region has an average town of 65 & 127 square kilometers. In the process of urbanization, the Pearl River Delta region complements and combines the advantages of service functions of modern towns with the rural pastoral advantages of modern villages, promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and forming a characteristic fusion zone.

6. Social mobility is moving towards health and order. The Pearl River Delta region is the largest gathering place for migrant workers in the country. At present, there are millions of migrant workers employed in the region, forming a large and characteristic migrant migrants. This social mobility is in line with the logic of the modern market economy and is a natural manifestation of the optimal allocation of human resources. After years of exploration and hard work, the management of migrant workers by relevant government departments and labor agencies has basically achieved legal management, which has made social mobility move from disorder to order.

Second, the characteristics of the youth groups in the Pearl River Delta

1. The composition of the youth group is a dual structure. The youth groups in the Pearl River Delta region are composed of local youth and migrant workers. According to statistics at the end of 1997, the total number of young people in Guangdong Province was 15.89 million, and there were more than 5 million migrant workers in the province. The migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region. In some towns in the Pearl River Delta region, the number of migrant workers and local youth is basically equal. In some towns or administrative villages, the number of migrant workers has exceeded several times that of local youth, even dozens of times and dozens of times. For example, there are more than 6,000 migrant workers in Dongshan District, Guangzhou, accounting for 65% of the youth employment in the district. Another example is that there are more than 900,000 migrant workers in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, which is more than four times the resident population. There are more than 15,000 migrant workers in Huanggang Village in Futian District, 40 times more than the youth in the village. There are migrant workers in Ailian Village, Longgang District. There are nearly 30,000 young people, and there are only 2,907 villagers in the village.

2. The youth group is distinctly differentiated. In general, the youth in the Pearl River Delta region are divided into two basic groups: local youth and migrant workers. With the deepening of the market economy and the increasing social ties, the integration and differentiation of youth groups in the Pearl River Delta region is also deepening. Among them, the “three high” youth and the “four no” youth are two high-profile groups. “Three high” youth refers to young people with high education, high positions and high income. This part of the youth is the "elite" of the youth, and their behavior has a clear orientation and demonstration role among the youth. The “four no” youth is a special youth group that emerged during the process of rural urbanization. This part of the youth does not study, does not study, does not do business, does not work, mainly relying on renting their own property to live, with obvious parasitism. According to the survey conducted by local league organizations, from the perspective of occupational classification, young workers mainly pursue income stability, and young employees generally yearn for a decent and glorious life. Civil servants prefer a smooth future and intellectuals are looking for development opportunities. Among them, with the emergence and rapid development of various financial institutions, management institutions, and new types of companies in the process of reform and opening up, the youth staff group has grown rapidly. Their level of knowledge, social status, and economic income are relatively high, and their lifestyles and behaviors are significantly different from those of other occupational groups in youth. In short, there are obvious differences between the interest requirements and spiritual pursuits of different professional youth groups. Moreover, this diversification of demand leads to the differentiation of youth groups. In the Pearl River Delta region, the professional associations that are spontaneously established based on common interests and interests are more developed, and their activities show obvious group characteristics.

3. Youth play an important role in the economic field. In the Pearl River Delta region, youth is the main creative force of material wealth. In the new economic organizations that are the dominant force in promoting local economic development, basically young people are working. For example, the large-scale migrant workers who work mainly in the new economic organizations are now and will be an important force in the local economic development and have an irreplaceable role. Among the high-tech enterprises that are the new economic growth points, youth are the vanguard of technological innovation. Zhongshan City can be selected as one of the 30 advanced cities in the country that is “scientific and technologically prosperous” and is inseparable from the strong young research team in the city. According to statistical analysis, in 1995, the contribution rate of Zhongshan Science and Technology to economic growth was 45%, which was more than a dozen percentage points higher than the national average.

4. Career choices focus on development. When choosing a career, young people in the Pearl River Delta region generally see that they can give themselves more opportunities for development. According to local group organizations, 50.4% and 37.3% of the youths in Zhuhai and Panyu respectively considered the long-term development prospects and personal interests when choosing a career. In areas such as the Pearl River Delta where economic development is relatively mature, society can provide alternative employment opportunities for young people at all levels, thus achieving a greater degree of unity of labor as a means of earning a living and achieving its own value.

5. Focus on social life. In the survey, young people in the Pearl River Delta region regard social life outside the “eight hours” as a very important part of their entire life, and regard society as an important stage for their activities. Moreover, the social life of young people is very extensive, and social behavior across units, groups, and regions is a very common phenomenon in the social life of young people. The places where young people live are mainly social public places. The traditional way of visiting relatives and friends, chatting and chatting, is considered a waste of time. In daily interpersonal relationships, young people see their independence and mutual respect as very important. In the region, youth culture is no longer a subculture, but a mainstream culture that dominates the cultural development trend to a large extent.

Third, social operation

In the Pearl River Delta, the concept of “socialization” used by group organizations in different cities has different meanings. From the perspective of operational methods, the socialization of the work of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta region is mainly reflected in three aspects.

1. Design for social design activities. The activities designed by the Pearl River Delta group have a distinct feature. They are young people and people who are oriented to the whole society, and it is convenient for people to participate voluntarily outside the “eight hours”, so that the activities have a wide range of social participation. The group organization is generally only responsible for the design and promotion of the event, and it is rarely organized directly. For example, the “Youth Culture Square” launched by the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League and the “Family Music” stage created by the Shenzhen Communist Youth League Committee are all like this. Every weekend, the “Youth Culture Market” activity at the famous commercial network in Tianhe City Square in Guangzhou, the stage is open-air, free to enter and exit, and the viewers are in a wave. Now, the Youth Culture Square has been opened in various cities in the Pearl River Delta. In Shenzhen, with the youth as the main body, the "Family Music" stage based on the principle of "voluntary, self-recommended, self-acting, and fun" has been the stage of the "Happy People" stage of the Shenzhen Youth Activity Center since its first opening in July 1986. There have been more than XX performances of various cultural performances, more than 40,000 performers and more than 4.5 million viewers. There are more than 100 “Family Music” stages of different sizes in the city. For the "Family Music", all walks of life are well-known, and it is known as the "Special Night Club of the Special Zone" and "a blue sky in the hearts of migrant workers." During the commemoration of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, the activities of “Building a Return to the Memorial Forest” and “Returning the Footprint Relay Run” designed by the Shenzhen Communist Youth League Committee were also carried out for the society.

2. Set up an organization for the society. The organization of the regiment is a difficult point in the development of the work of the Communist Youth League under the conditions of a market economy. In this regard, the Pearl River Delta regime can say that it has taken new steps in its exploration. Their main practice is to break the restrictions of administrative affiliation and the pattern of “one factory and one department”, and explore the establishment of state-owned enterprises through the establishment of corporate youth work committees, interest-building groups, community dormitories, and activity centers. The new way of the regiment. Through the flexible forms of relying on trade unions, community building, and industry-linked organizations, the new economic organization has made breakthroughs in its mission. In the rural areas, the village-building committee was set up as the core, and the branch factory set-up model was set up with branches and factories. Achieved the benign operation of the rural group organization. In particular, it pays attention to adjusting and reforming the community work system of the Communist Youth League, strengthening exchanges and cooperation between communities, industries, schools and other different fronts, promoting regional exchanges, resource sharing, complementary advantages, and achieving common development.
3. Seek resources for society. It is a common practice for the whole group to promote the development of work by mobilizing social resources while relying on its own strength. However, the understanding of the group organizations in the Pearl River Delta region is deeper and more systematic in operation. First of all, they pay attention to seeking human resources from the society to develop and strengthen the work team of the Communist Youth League, and form a youth work team with the cadres as the backbone and reunite people from all walks of life. For example, in Shenzhen, many of the specific tasks of the regiment are volunteers. At the same time, they also strive to seek financial resources from the society and form a funding channel for the combination of government grants, social sponsorships and industrial income generation. It is worth noting that the group organizations in the Pearl River Delta region regard the support of the party and government departments in terms of policies and regulations as a social resource. They believe that the market economy is a rule of law economy, and the work of the Communist Youth League under the conditions of a market economy also needs to obtain the statutory social status through the support of policies and regulations. They said that in the past, relying on archives, now relying on legislation.

The significance of the socialization of the work of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta is, fundamentally, a new development space for the work of the Communist Youth League under the conditions of a market economy. The market economy is an open economy that breaks down administrative subordination, geographical division and system closure. The work of the Communist Youth League should adapt to the development of the market economy. It must also expand its vision from the party and government organization system to which it belongs and rely on the whole society. It is good at playing a social role in the social arena and strives to: make the work content and market economy conditions The social needs are consistent with the changes in youth demand, and the demand service is oriented as work; the organization is set to be consistent with the changes in the social structure and youth composition under the conditions of the market economy. Where there are young people, there are group activities and influences; Strive to make the way to obtain resources consistent with changes in the way resources are allocated under market economy conditions, and to develop social resources in the way of serving the market.

Fourth, career development

According to local cadres, "careerization" is a valuable experience drawn from practice in various groups. From "running the industry" to "running the cause", the group organization has experienced twists and turns and profound lessons. The consensus they have formed is that in the process of development, the Communist Youth League must focus on doing business and supplementing with industry. Moreover, whether it is to run a business or to run an industry, it is necessary to focus on the needs of young people. We must take the service of young people as the starting point to achieve the unification of economic, social and talent benefits.

Judging from the practice of the organization of the Pearl River Delta, the cause of the organization of the Communist Youth League is mainly composed of three parts.

1. Youth activity positions. The most important of these is the Youth Palace and Youth Activity Center. In the Pearl River Delta region, the construction of the Youth Palace and Youth Activity Center can be said to have become a scale and the top grade is an important pillar of the development of the Communist Youth League. For example, the Shenzhen Youth Activity Center under the direct leadership of the Shenzhen Communist Youth League Committee covers an area of ​​30,000 square meters and has 160 cadres and workers. They have adhered to the new path of bringing industry from the cause, supplementing the industry with industry, developing their careers, and striving to explore the position of first-class youth activities under the conditions of the socialist market economy, and have achieved good comprehensive benefits. The Shenzhen Youth Palace, which is under construction, is a key project for the spiritual civilization construction of the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” in Shenzhen, with a total construction area of ​​30,000 square meters. After the completion, there will be more than 70 large and small classrooms and dining rooms. More than 80 training programs and more than 20 entertainment projects will be set up, which can accommodate 5,000 people for study, visit and entertainment. Another example is that Jiangmen City now has a youth activity center that is in good working order. A larger and higher-grade youth palace will soon be built. The Guangzhou Youth Palace covers an area of ​​more than 30,000 square meters.

2. Cultural industry. Cultural industries related to youth, such as newspapers, magazines, and art groups, are another important component of the development of business. The Pearl River Delta region has a fast economic development and a high level of culture, and the development potential of the cultural industry is very large. The youth newspapers and magazines founded by the Guangzhou and Shenzhen delegations can cover the entire Pearl River Delta region, and can radiate to neighboring provinces and achieve good comprehensive benefits.

3. Funds. The Pearl River Delta region has developed its economy, and the work of the relevant organizations at all levels has also been very active. For example, there are 11 funds that have been established or are ready to be established in the “Main Points of the Five Major Systems of Guangdong Mission Work”. The Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League proposed to establish and expand various youth development funds based on the Municipal Youth Development Foundation. These funds have played an active role in the development of the support mission. For example, the Guangzhou Non-profit Counseling Center, which is funded by the Guangzhou Youth Development Foundation, is the first non-profit counseling institution in the country to provide support services for young people. The work is aimed at emotional ups and downs and development difficulties. Adolescents who frequently hang around and gather in public places and are vulnerable to adverse effects have 11 jobs. The help provided by the Center for young people is difficult for the general organization.

From the practice of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta, the development of business is of great significance to the development of the work of the Communist Youth League under the conditions of a market economy. First of all, the solution is to rely on the problem. With the real support of the positions, industries and funds related to young people, the organization of the group has its own resources, and the work of the group can be carried out in a down-to-earth manner. Second, the solution is the mechanism problem. As a working mechanism, positions, industries and funds can be used for a long time and play a long-term role to promote the continuous development of work. Third, the solution is the problem of job coverage. The activities of positions, industries and funds are difficult to replace in the activities carried out by the group. The radiation and driving effects of the activities of the positions, industries and funds are also difficult to compare with the activities carried out by the group organizations.

V. Some inspirations and reflections

In the investigation, the work of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta region to adapt to the development of the socialist market economy has given us many enlightenments with global significance. It comes down to the following points.

1. Adhere to the development perspective. Comrade Xiaoping’s "development is the last word" applies equally to the work of the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League is a growing cause. Under the conditions of a socialist market economy, the work of the Communist Youth League needs to develop in the face of difficulties and challenges. It can be said that big development, small difficulties; small development, big difficulties; no development, no future. The work of the Communist Youth League faces difficulties and challenges. To achieve development, we should have the spirit of seeking truth from facts, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and dare to try our courage.

2. Strengthen the social service function of the Communist Youth League. We should understand the importance of strengthening the function of social services from the height of how the Communist Youth League can play a good role in the important social pillars of the state power. It can be said that the youth service society of the Communist Youth League is the embodiment of the social pillar role of the state power. The role of the social pillar of the political power of the Communist Youth League depends mainly on the strength of social service functions. In recent years, the social service function of the Communist Youth League has been greatly expanded, but there is still a big gap compared with the new requirements put forward by the government in the process of transforming the functions, so it needs to be further strengthened.

3. Form a new framework for the organization of the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League organization system is built under the planning economic system by relying on party and government institutions. Under the conditions of developing a socialist market economy, while the Communist Youth League is giving full play to the advantages of party building and group building, it should strive to promote the youth associations of the group to face the grassroots level, face new areas, and adjust and improve the organization for emerging youth groups. It is a link between youth associations, promoting economic departments and enterprises to set up youth work institutions, cultivating and developing group social intermediary organizations, thereby forming a new open and pluralistic social organization network that complements the original organization system of the Communist Youth League. Cover new areas and emerging youth groups under the new system that are not covered by the original organizational system, and connect and communicate with young people on a broader scale and at different levels. The original organizational system and the new social organization network together constitute a new framework for the organizational structure of the Communist Youth League.

4. Use the community as a new work growth point. As society progresses, the role of the community becomes more and more important. The community is a comprehensive social activity venue, which can provide a broad space and rich content for the group's work, and should become a new key area for the work of the Communist Youth League. It is necessary for the whole group to increase the intensity of community work in an overall promotion. Realize the balanced development of the group's key work and building in the community to promote the development of new areas of work.

5. Increase the content of youth affairs in the work of the group. Youth affairs is an important aspect of social development and an important part of the Communist Youth League’s service to young people. Adapting to the deepening of reforms and the transformation of government functions, taking the initiative to undertake and participate in the social affairs of young people is conducive to the work of the Communist Youth League in expanding social development, enriching content, occupying positions, better serving the society, and growing for the youth. Become a service. The World Programme of Action for Youth to the XX Year and Beyond, adopted by the 50th General Assembly of the United Nations, is instructive for us to increase our efforts in this area. On the basis of summing up experience and learning from relevant foreign practices, we should promote new developments in this area.

6. Seek support from policies and regulations. Under the conditions of market economy, the Communist Youth League, as an important group of people, needs more policy support and legal guarantees for its job functions, work areas and work content. In this way, we will further clarify the social functions of the Communist Youth League and the youth work functions in the government, incorporate the work of the Youth League into the goals of party and government work, and incorporate them into the economic and social development plan to ensure that the organization of the Youth League plays a better role in all areas of society. Some role. In recent years, the organizations at all levels have made a lot of efforts in this regard, and the gains are not small. At the same time, I hope that the voices of the higher-level organizations in this regard will be relatively high. It is necessary for all groups and organizations to increase their efforts in this area.

7. Transform the functions of the agency. In the institutional reform, the Communist Youth League is also facing the problem of transforming its functions. The idea of ​​"small organs, big undertakings" put forward by the Guangzhou Communist Youth League Committee is quite instructive. The role of "small institutions" is to strengthen the guidance of giants. The role of "big undertakings" is to be able to bear more social affairs related to youth work. It is necessary for the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League to provide principled guidance to the establishment of the organization and functions of the organizations at all levels in the institutional reform.

8. Focus on research and explore the regional development of the work of the Communist Youth League. The development of regional economy is an important feature of economic development under the conditions of market economy. The work of different city groups in the same region will have many common features. Strengthening research and exploration in this area is conducive to better promoting the coordination, coordination and consistency of the work of the Communist Youth League with the entire economic and social development.