Implementation Opinions on the Year of Work Construction in 2019

__ Normal University of Economics With the rapid development of the economy, China is entering an accelerated period of urbanization. However, for a long time, China's urban infrastructure construction has generally had problems such as "rebuilding light planning, focusing on light management". In particular, some cities have not correctly understood the conditions, needs and rhythms of the city, and blindly built various projects, resulting in overheated investment and overall inefficient infrastructure construction.
I. The concrete performance of low construction efficiency is a waste of resources and serious damage. The total resources of a city include not only natural elements such as land and energy, but also funds, talents, and rich historical and cultural aspects. Together, they form the basis and guarantee for the survival and development of the city. However, many cities have made great strides and are blindly seeking new ideas. Some cities are in violation of the basic construction procedures, taking a step-by-step attitude, while surveying, designing, and constructing a large number of "half-pull" projects, the waste of resources is extremely serious. Every time a project is built, it is to set up a project management team. This "who uses and who builds" violates economic laws and wastes a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. In the construction process, some cities have not effectively protected historical and cultural heritage for the immediate benefit, resulting in such immeasurable losses.

Repeat construction. Due to the lack of long-term planning, the phenomenon of repeated construction of the same project has occurred, resulting in a large amount of waste of resources. For example, some ancient cities with tourism as the development direction in order to beautify the city image, extensive renovation of the street, and the installation of beautiful neon lights, but soon found that these modern street lamps seem to destroy the ancient atmosphere of the ancient city, and the overall image of the city No, so I had to make a second renovation. The division of labor in urban functional departments is unknown, and it has also resulted in repeated delivery of the same infrastructure by different units. In addition, the psychological factor of sedimentation cost is also a factor worth considering. Generally speaking, when the government makes a decision, it will inevitably consider the sedimentation cost, that is, the currency, effort, and time of the previous investment, which will have certain influence on the current decision. If these investment costs are not considered, they will become a waste of resources, and in general people are not willing to waste resources - which is also leading to the emergence of a number of public products that are not practical or useless, resulting in Repeat the problem of construction. In addition, the prevalence of local protectionism is one of the reasons for the emergence of repetitive projects. Since the local government is multi-level, it determines that market segmentation is also multiple nested. Each level of "administrative district economy" contains a series of small "administrative district economies." These hierarchically divided governments often invest in the same region or project at the same time for political performance competition or other reasons, resulting in the emergence of many "city in the city".

The project construction period is too long. In the urban infrastructure construction, there is a widespread problem of long project investment construction period. Many cities have blindly invested in the construction of project capital budgets and time plans. After the budget is spent, it will be idle while waiting for the next appropriation, and even left to the next government. There are also some cities that are purely in order to cope with superior inspections and rebuild the infrastructure such as streets to create the illusion of building prosperity. The reckless behavior of the people to build the front line and cycle not only undermines the overall image of the city, but also makes the capital inefficient and turnover, which seriously affects the development of other construction projects.

Some projects are missing functionality. In the urban infrastructure construction, the problem of "greatness and difference" is very prominent. In the name of “building a city brand and reshaping the image of the city”, some cities are keen to engage in “beautification projects”, “lighting projects” and “image projects”, ignoring the streets, water supply, drainage and gas as basic needs for survival. Such basic services have caused a large number of urban facilities to be ineffective or ineffective, and the lack of function is very serious. Or in the selection of public goods business strategy, reverse the practice, and even break away from the actual living conditions of residents, and vigorously build some projects that cost a lot of money but have little effect. For example, in the case of old facilities and residential areas that have not been used and revitalized, they are busy adding new equipment, building new places, and developing new ones, creating new idleness and waste.

Security issues are widespread. Many cities have large-scale and large-scale infrastructure construction, but there are widespread problems of excessive quantity and neglect of quality. There are more and more safety hazards, and even a large number of "tofu slag" projects have appeared. If some urban bridges are not put into use, water damage will occur. In some cities, the newly built flood levees will not be used for a long time, and there will be serious landslides. The phenomenon of road collapse is often heard. The construction site is injured by falling objects and workers are injured. Disability incidents are also frequently reported in newspapers... These hidden dangers pose extremely serious threats and damage to the lives and property of the people.

The environmental crisis has become increasingly prominent. The urban landscape conforms to the ecological principles and functional requirements of the ecological environment, and is a major principle of the urban environmental aesthetic concept. However, in recent years, with the accelerating process of urban infrastructure construction, the ecological environment of many cities has been seriously damaged. Rivers and lakes have been filled and occupied, excessive groundwater extraction and construction of major buildings have led to land subsidence. At the same time, many cities in the name of accelerating urban infrastructure construction and improving people's quality of life, arbitrarily cutting mountains and forests, and taking mountains and taking rocks, have made the desertification of cities more and more serious, and even affected the living environment of residents, seriously ruining Sustainable urban development.

Implicit inefficiency. At present, "accelerating the pace of urban infrastructure construction and building a good living environment for the citizens" has become the slogan of many cities. Under this circumstance, some cities have surpassed the possibility and regularity of economic and social development, and there have been phenomena such as large-scale demolition, forced demolition and large-scale roads and golf courses. On the one hand, neglecting the problem of old city reconstruction, resulting in a very uncoordinated urban landscape. This is more obvious and prominent in the urban fringe. The development and construction of the urban fringe area is blindly expanding like a "big cake", and the fragmentation and chaos of the artificial landscape is remarkable. On the other hand, the construction of infrastructure is often recklessly inserted into the needle, ignoring its cooperation with the surrounding landscape, so that the function distribution is extremely disordered.

The unreasonable construction of urban infrastructure is also one of the manifestations of inefficient overall construction. Taking the overpass and the MRT as an example, many cities such as Wuhan have chosen overpasses to alleviate traffic congestion. Try not to develop the MRT and use the three-dimensional traffic system on the ground to solve urban traffic problems. This is not only a good solution to the rapid advancement. The traffic problems caused by the multiplication of motor vehicles have also led to problems affecting the spatial integrity of urban streets and the environmental vulnerability of new urban road traffic. Another example is the problem of urban night lighting. Some cities ignore the financial and material resources of their own cities and go up to the night scene lighting project. In today's power shortage, it will naturally arouse the public's resentment.

2. Analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of urban infrastructure construction

The establishment of government agencies is unreasonable. In China, there are widespread malpractices in institutions, overlapping institutions and cross-cutting business. The division of powers and responsibilities between departments is not clear enough, resulting in multiple political transactions, scattered management, different political orders, and mutual deduction. As a result, some projects are repeatedly constructed by different departments. Second, other projects have always been untouched. At the same time, huge government agencies have also failed to make information. The public's needs and construction of the project cannot reach the decision-making level in time, and the orders or information provided by the government departments cannot be quickly implemented. And because of repeated transmission, it is easy to appear "information distortion." In addition, due to the unclear responsibilities of the competent authorities and business operations of the government, the situation of "combination of government and government" has been formed within the department, and it is difficult to effectively supervise the management fund, so that the urban infrastructure construction fund cannot be earmarked for special purposes, misappropriation, seizure, and waste. Very serious.

Exaggerated winds and corrupt winds prevail. China is still in a state of catch-up and pressure-type system. Many officials will give priority to projects that can show their personal achievements, and infrastructures that affect the long-term interests of people, such as educational facilities, public health facilities, etc. lack of concern. Under this circumstance, many city governments have vigorously built "image projects" and engaged in "political achievements projects", at the expense of the public's interests as their own promotion ladder. For example, Wang Huaizhong, the former deputy governor of Anhui Province, not only invested 320 million yuan to build an "international airport" in Fuyang, but also invested in the construction of the world's largest zoo - "Longtan Tiger Cave", leaving more than 2 billion yuan in financial "holes." On the other hand, due to the decision-making and investment of China's infrastructure construction projects, the government lacks supervision institutions, and many authorized officials often cannot resist the temptation of contractors and raw material suppliers, resulting in improper contracting of many projects. Increased fiscal expenditures, but also delayed the completion time, and even the "tofu residue" project. Government

The overall planning is inefficient. First of all, it is the "government failure" in the overall planning process of the city, that is, the government's ineffective intervention and excessive intervention. The result is that some well-prepared plans become a waste paper because they do not meet the leadership's will. What's more, some leaders seek personal self-interest and blindly intervene in the development process and urban layout, making the "senior will" higher than the "public will" and "image project" before the "people's heart project." In order to pursue political performance, the city government is often consciously and unconsciously influenced by builders and developers. The urban planning department is faced with a chess piece that moves by itself. Planning is like a piece of plasticine, often arbitrarily kneaded. status. The low quality of the planners, the lack of experience and talents are the main reasons for the failure of design planning. The lack of means and the deviation of the guiding ideology of designers and decision makers will lead to the immaturity of planning and design. In addition to good professional knowledge and skills, planners must also establish the right values. Because in the course of their work, they will not only be affected by the market economy, but the "invisible power" hidden behind the planning intervention or forcing the planner to make concessions is multi-faceted and multi-layered.

The impact of other goals of the city government. In the real society, in addition to actively accelerating the basic functions of urban infrastructure construction and improving urban hardware functions, local governments also shoulder more responsibilities, such as vigorously strengthening urban soft environment construction and striving to improve the operation and profitability of state-owned enterprises. Level and so on. The existence of these goals of the city government has hindered the role of the efficiency mechanism of urban infrastructure construction to a certain extent, leading to disorderly construction and inefficient behavior. In order to protect the interests of local enterprises and protect local resources, local governments may implement market blockade directly or indirectly through administrative intervention. In order to increase the employment rate of local citizens, ease employment pressure, and appease unemployed workers, local governments have to consider providing options. State-owned large enterprises with inefficient services, and private enterprises with higher construction standards are excluded.

A long-term neglect of the vicious circle caused by environmental protection. A good natural ecological environment is a prerequisite for the long-term stable development of urban society. However, many city governments have been pursuing the "short, flat, fast" project, using all controllable funds in various recent constructions, and ignoring the governance of pollution. During the term of office, the government often passes the risk that the current government's decision may bring to the next government, so that the "bad mess" left by the previous government's repeated construction and vicious competition may require the next or several governments to govern. This attitude of taking care of immediate interests and being irresponsible to the environment has contributed to the tendency of repeated construction, resulting in a large number of external negative effects, which eventually formed a vicious circle and seriously affected the construction of urban infrastructure. In addition, there are obvious drawbacks to relying solely on the government's use of planning policies to guide and promote environmental protection work. It can not mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in environmental protection activities, nor can it form the internal mechanism for the development of environmental protection work. Land