Summary of monitoring and control of vegetable pests and diseases in Chongqing in 2019

I. Prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases in 2005 and their characteristics
1. Basic situation of vegetable diseases and insect pests With the adjustment of rural agricultural industrial structure, the vegetable area in Chongqing has expanded year by year. In 2005, the city's vegetable planting area reached 5.805 million mu, which is similar to that in 2004. The area of ​​vegetable pests and diseases was 5.014 million mu, which was 1.3% higher than that of 2005.53 million mu. Among them, the disease occurrence area was 1.5071 million mu, which was 2.2% lower than the 1.54 million mu in 2004, and the insect infestation area was 3,384,200 mu. Compared with the 3.171 million mu in 2004, it increased by 5.3%.
2. Characteristics of pests and diseases Climate characteristics in 2005:
According to the weather forecast provided by the meteorological department, the average temperature in our city in 2005 was slightly higher than normal, and the annual rainfall was slightly less. The spring time is 10-15 days earlier than normal, the temperature rises faster, higher than normal, and the rain is more. The average temperature in March is significantly higher in the northeast, the rest is slightly lower, and the northeast is less. The average temperature in April is significantly higher, the precipitation is generally higher in the west, and the rest is less; the average temperature in May is generally low, and the monthly rainfall is mostly; the average temperature in June is low and the precipitation is large. In the month of July, the temperature was slightly higher, and the rainfall was slightly lower. In August, the temperature was slightly higher, and most of the precipitation was significantly less. In autumn, the temperature was slightly higher and the precipitation was slightly less.
2. Characteristics of pest occurrence in 2005:
In 2005, the general trend of vegetable pests and diseases occurred in moderate occurrence, which was similar to that in 2004. Pests and diseases were recurring, insect pests were more serious than diseases, and diseases were mainly in autumn. Due to the heavy rain in March-June, the temperature and humidity are suitable for diseases. This year, the degree of melon downy mildew, solanaceous blight and solanaceous gray mold is slightly heavier than that in 2004. The pests are mainly cabbage caterpillars, aphids, diamondback moths, leafminers, red spiders, noctuidae, and wild beanhoppers. Among them, aphids and mites are more serious than those in 2004, and Noctuidae is lighter than 2004. Occurred; snails and snails in some areas are seriously harmful.

2. Prevention and treatment of major diseases and insect pests of vegetables in 2005
1. Seedling disease:
It is dominated by blight and squatting, mainly in pepper, tomato, cucumber and other varieties. The area and occurrence in the past two years have increased significantly compared with 2003. In 2005, the area was 296,900 mu. The area of ​​prevention and control is 283,200 mu, which is equivalent to last year; the average disease rate is 2-10%, and the weight is more than 20%. Xiushan County conducted a general survey on eggplant bed on February 17th, with 40% of the seedling beds and 3.2% of the diseased plants. On March 18th, the incidence of seedlings accounted for 20%, and the incidence rate was 4.0%, which was 3.5 times higher than the same period in 2004. Percentage points. The main reasons for recurrence are low temperature and high humidity during seedling stage, and poor disinfection measures for seeds and seedbeds.
2. Downy mildew:
It is the most common disease occurring on vegetables. It is mainly caused by melon downy mildew, cruciferous vegetable downy mildew, and green leafy downy mildew. It mainly occurs on lotus white, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, bitter gourd and lettuce. In 2005, downy mildew occurred in moderately. This year, due to more rain in April-June, suitable diseases occurred. Downy mildew occurred earlier and the degree of occurrence was slightly heavier than last year. The annual incidence of downy mildew was 405,700 mu, an increase of 28,200 mu compared with last year. In the survey of Wansheng District, in the middle of March, the incidence rate of the disease in the first stage of the lotus period was 20-80%, and the disease index was 5-27.5. The rate of diseased plants was 40-100% in the first half of April, and the disease index was 1-32.5; In mid-month, the incidence of diseased plants in Chinese cabbage, cucumber and lettuce was 0-100%, with an average of 60%, 47.5% more than the same period of last year. The rate of diseased plants in the late May was 30-50%, an average of 47%, more than the same period last year. 34.5%, disease index 3-5; the average rate of diseased plants in early June was 31%, 13.5% more than the same period last year. The late June to early July is the peak period of cucumber downy mildew, the disease rate is 100%, similar to the same period in 2003, the disease index is 36-80, with an average of 65.2; in late August, it occurs on bitter gourd, the disease rate is 100. %; the rate of diseased plants in lotus white was 70-90% in late September, and the rate of diseased plants in lotus was 100% in late October, and the rate of diseased plants on lettuce was 24%, 18% more than the same period last year. According to the survey of the Beibei District, the rain has been more than since October, and the downy mildew of lettuce has been heavier. The rate of diseased plants is generally 10-100%, and the disease index is 1.5-54.
Downy mildew is a common disease, and farmers' prevention and control is relatively common. The city's prevention and control area is 365,800 mu, an increase of 35,900 mu compared with last year. The main control agents are: 72.2% Plex water agent 600-800 times liquid, 60% killing wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid, 78% Cobo wettable powder 500-600 times liquid, 50% agricultural songs Wet powder 800 times solution. However, due to the low production value in the later period, farmers' control was poor.
3. Early and late blight of tomato:
It is the main disease in tomato production in our city. The area of ​​early and late blight in 2005 was 223,300 mu, which was increased by 31,600 mu compared with last year. It was moderately occurring and some areas were heavily weighted. In recent years, the tomato planting area has gradually shifted to the outer suburbs. The early and late blight of tomato has become lighter in the suburban vegetable area, but it is heavier in the outer suburban areas such as Fengjie, Fuyang and Xiushan. The late tomato blight in the suburban area has a peak period. From April to June, the peak period of the vegetable fields in the outer suburbs is from late May to late June. Tomato cultivation in Changshou District is more, tomato early and late blight is one of the main diseases in tomato production in this area. This year, due to the long duration of rainy weather in June, it is suitable for disease occurrence, which is a medium-occurring year, and the disease rate is generally 3 -18%; after June, the condition has a tendency to develop into fruit. Early tomato disease in Xiushan County occurred early, and the epidemic spread quickly. It was a serious injury. It was a medium-heavy occurrence year. The county had an area of ​​25,000 mu and a prevention and control of 20,000 mu. The disease occurred at the beginning of April, and the morbidity rate was 16.9%. The average rate of diseased plants was 2.1%, and the average disease index was 0.42. The initial period of the disease was from late April to early May, which was worse than 2004. Early, the average disease rate was 22.7%, which was 9.4 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 4.73, which was 1.77 times that of 2004. In late May, the disease began to expand vertically, and the peak period appeared from late May to early June, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 46.0%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004; the disease index was 22.67. It was 5.85 times that of 2004. At the end of mid-June, the peak of the disease was at the peak of the disease, with a disease rate of 46.7% and a disease index of 28.53. The late onset and epidemic period of tomato late blight in Xiushan County were later than last year, but the epidemic spread quickly and occurred heavily, which was moderately heavy. On May 18, the central disease plant was seen. The initial period was 5 days later than last year. The disease rate was 18.7%, which was 14.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 4.93, which was 5.3 in 2004. Times. The epidemic period of the disease is from the end of late May to the beginning of June, 10 days later than in 2004, the disease rate is 58.7%, 33.7 percentage points higher than last year; the disease index is 18.8, which is 3.76 times that of last year; On the 8th of the month, the average rate of census disease was 51.2%, and the average disease index was 18.93. The peak of disease epidemic occurred in late June, about 15 days later than last year. The average rate of systematic investigation was 80.7%, which was 19.3 percentage points lower than that of last year. The disease index was 43.92, which was 87.8% in 2004; On June 25, the average rate of census disease was 85.4%, which was 16.4 percentage points higher than that of the same period in 2004. The disease index was 44.13, which was 1.04 times that of 2004.
Due to the high value of tomatoes, farmers have a strong sense of self-defense, and the main control agents are: thiophanate, carbendazim, and can be killed.
4. Capsicum blight, eggplant blight:
Capsicum blight and eggplant blight have recently increased in the pepper producing areas of our city. This year, the two diseases were unevenly distributed, and the suburban vegetable areas occurred moderately, and some of the suburban vegetable areas were heavier. In Changshou District, this year's pepper disease is moderately mild, but some pepper fields are heavier than other peppers, and the disease rate is 3-15%, while other vegetable fields are generally about 3-6%. The pepper and eggplant blight in Wansheng District are moderately occurring. The peak incidence period is from late May to mid June. The disease rate is 2-40%, with an average of 21%. It occurs sporadically in July, and the disease rate is 0-20. %, an average of 11.6%. Due to the bad weather in May-June, it is difficult to control the drug, mainly using 72.2% Plex water agent 600-700 times or 64% anti-drug 矾 500 times spray control. The pepper disease in Xiushan County was early in the early stage and late in the prolonged period. The prevalence was slow in the early stage, and the damage occurred in the later stage. It was moderately heavy. The area of ​​the county was 15,000 mu, and the prevention and control was 18,000 mu. On April 8th, the central diseased plant was found to be significantly earlier than in 2004. The diseased plant rate was 4.0%, 2.0 percentage points higher than that of 2004, and the disease index was 1.0, which was 2.0 times that of 2004. From late April to mid-June, the disease development is slow and the damage is light. In late June, the condition rose sharply, which was the beginning of the disease epidemic. It was 10-15 days later than 2004. The average disease rate was 19.4%, 10.7 percentage points higher than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.25, which was last year. 4.4 times. In July and mid-July, the disease continued to rise. The average disease rate at the peak was 65.3%, which was 26.0 percentage points higher than that in 2004. The disease index was 44.83, which was 2.7 times that of 2004. The situation of the disease and disease of pepper blight in 2005 is shown in Figure 3.

The eggplant plague in Xiushan County is moderately occurring, with an area of ​​20,000 mu and an area of ​​25,000 mu. On March 28, the diseased strain rate was 1.3%, and the disease index was 0.23. The disease became prevalent in early May, the diseased plant rate was 17.0%, which was 9.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 3.95, which was 85.9 in 2004. %; In mid-May, the disease epidemic began, the peak disease rate was 37.3%, the disease index was 8.27; the disease epidemic peak appeared on June 18, which was later than 2004, and the peak disease rate was 55.3. %, 8.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, the disease index was 12.13, which was 76.0% in 2004. The dynamics of the disease in the field are shown in Figure 4.

5. Solanum gray mold:
In recent years, with the development of vegetable bases to the outer suburbs, the solanaceous gray mold disease is more common in the outer suburban vegetable base, and it is harmful in the seedling stage and the adult stage, with tomato gray mold, eggplant gray mold and pepper gray mold. Mainly.
Xiushan County Plant Protection Station conducted a seedbed survey on February 17, and the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato gray mold were 80%, 40%, and 0, respectively. The average disease rate was 7.2%, 2.0%, and 0; March 18 In the census, the seedling beds of pepper, eggplant and tomato gray mold were 80%, 75%, and 0, respectively, and the average disease rate was 4.7%, 9.2%, and 0. They were 14.5, 10.3, and 8.0 percentage points lower than in March 2004, respectively. On April 13th, the rates of tomato, eggplant and pepper gray mold were 6.7%, 4.0%, and the disease rate was 9.3%, and the disease index was 1.67, 1.0, and 2.33, respectively.
Tomato gray mold in Xiushan County is moderately occurring. In the mid-April census, the diseased plant rate was 7.8%, and the disease index was 2.18. The rate of disease screening in the initial stage of disease epidemic in early May was 10.2%, which was 27.3 percentage points lower than that in the same period of 2004. The disease index was 2.54, which was 2004. 22.6% of the year. From the end of late May to the beginning of June, it is the peak of disease epidemic. The peak disease rate was 39.3%, which was 6.0 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004. The disease index was 10.17, which was 84.8% in the same period of 2004. Eggplant gray mold is moderately occurring year. On March 18, the disease rate was 19.3%, and the disease index was 4.8. On March 28, the disease rate decreased, the disease rate was 5.3%, and the disease index was 1.33. The disease rate was 3.6 in mid-April. %, the disease index is 0.91; 5 in the early epidemic period, the disease rate was 11.3%, the disease index was 2.83; the census disease rate was 6.0%, which was 7.5 percentage points lower than the same period in 2004, and the disease index was 1.48. It was 13.2% in 2004. From mid-May to the end of June, the disease showed a slow upward trend, reaching the peak of the epidemic at the end of June, which was later than that in 2004. The peak disease rate was 18.0% (12.0%-24.0).

[1] [2] [3] Next